The catalog pg_attribute stores information about table columns. There will be exactly one pg_attribute row for every column in every table in the database. (There will also be attribute entries for indexes, and indeed all objects that have pg_class entries.)
The term attribute is equivalent to column and is used for historical reasons.
pg_attribute ColumnsIn a dropped column's pg_attribute entry, atttypid is reset to zero, but attlen and the other fields copied from pg_type are still valid. This arrangement is needed to cope with the situation where the dropped column's data type was later dropped, and so there is no pg_type row anymore. attlen and the other fields can be used to interpret the contents of a row of the table.
Name
Type
References
Description
attrelid
oid
pg_class.oid
The table this column belongs to
attname
name
The column name
atttypid
oid
pg_type.oid
The data type of this column
attstattarget
int4
attstattarget controls the level of detail of statistics accumulated for this column by ANALYZE. A zero value indicates that no statistics should be collected. A negative value says to use the system default statistics target. The exact meaning of positive values is data type-dependent. For scalar data types, attstattarget is both the target number of “most common values” to collect, and the target number of histogram bins to create.
attlen
int2
A copy of pg_type.typlen of this column's type
attnum
int2
The number of the column. Ordinary columns are numbered from 1 up. System columns, such as oid, have (arbitrary) negative numbers.
attndims
int4
Number of dimensions, if the column is an array type; otherwise 0. (Presently, the number of dimensions of an array is not enforced, so any nonzero value effectively means “it's an array”.)
attcacheoff
int4
Always -1 in storage, but when loaded into a row descriptor in memory this might be updated to cache the offset of the attribute within the row
atttypmod
int4
atttypmod records type-specific data supplied at table creation time (for example, the maximum length of a varchar column). It is passed to type-specific input functions and length coercion functions. The value will generally be -1 for types that do not need atttypmod.
attbyval
bool
A copy of pg_type.typbyval of this column's type
attstorage
char
Normally a copy of pg_type.typstorage of this column's type. For TOAST-able data types, this can be altered after column creation to control storage policy.
attalign
char
A copy of pg_type.typalign of this column's type
attnotnull
bool
This represents a not-null constraint.
atthasdef
bool
This column has a default value, in which case there will be a corresponding entry in the pg_attrdef catalog that actually defines the value.
attidentity
char
If a zero byte (''), then not an identity column. Otherwise, a = generated always, d = generated by default.
attisdropped
bool
This column has been dropped and is no longer valid. A dropped column is still physically present in the table, but is ignored by the parser and so cannot be accessed via SQL.
attislocal
bool
This column is defined locally in the relation. Note that a column can be locally defined and inherited simultaneously.
attinhcount
int4
The number of direct ancestors this column has. A column with a nonzero number of ancestors cannot be dropped nor renamed.
attcollation
oid
pg_collation.oid
The defined collation of the column, or zero if the column is not of a collatable data type.
attacl
aclitem[]
Column-level access privileges, if any have been granted specifically on this column
attoptions
text[]
Attribute-level options, as “keyword=value” strings
attfdwoptions
text[]
Attribute-level foreign data wrapper options, as “keyword=value” strings