# A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼 所有由PostgreSQL伺服器回傳的訊息，都會搭配一個 5 個字元的錯誤代碼，這些代碼均以 SQL 標準的 SQLSTATE 代碼所定義。應用程式應該以錯誤代碼作為程式行為，而非處理文字的錯誤訊息。這些錯誤代碼會隨 PostgreSQL 版本發佈而微幅更新，但不會因為不同語言的文字訊息影響其定義。特別注意，部份錯誤代碼是以 SQL 標準的定義所制定，而有些錯誤代碼是額外制定的，以對應其他 SQL 標準未定義的使用情況。 標準來看，錯誤代碼的前 2 個字元代表著這個錯誤的類別，而後面 3 個字元則指出在此類別中更詳細的發生情況。所以，應用程式即使未完整支援特定的錯誤代碼，仍然可以依類別代碼瞭解大概發生了什麼事。 下方的 [Table A.1](#table-a-1-postgresql-error-codes) 列出了所有在 PostgreSQL 10 中所定義的錯誤代碼。（部份錯誤代碼可能實際上沒有使用，但仍然依 SQL 標準所制定）每一個錯誤的類別都有一個＂標準＂的錯誤情況，其最後 3 個字元為 000，只用於在該類別未特別詳細定義的錯誤情況。 在＂Condition Name＂欄位中的內容將能在 PL/pgSQL 中被使用。Condition Name 不論大小寫字母均可合法使用。（特別注意，PL/pgSQL 並不支援 00、01 及 02 的錯誤類別。） 有一些錯誤訊息，其回傳內容是發生錯誤的資料庫物件名稱（表格 Table、表格欄位 Table column、資料型別 data type、限制條件 constraint）。舉例來說，如果產生了 unique\_violation 錯誤，則會回傳某個限制條件名稱。這些訊息將會分別額外的欄位回傳，所以應用程式不需要特別解譯描述性的訊息內容。在 PostgreSQL 9.3之前，這種回傳方式僅限於 SQLSTATE 類別 23（違反限制條件的一致性 integrity constraint violation），日後將儘可能延伸支援到所有類別。 #### **Table A.1. PostgreSQL Error Codes** | Error Code | Condition Name | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | **Class 00 — Successful Completion** | | | `00000` | `successful_completion` | | **Class 01 — Warning** | | | `01000` | `warning` | | `0100C` | `dynamic_result_sets_returned` | | `01008` | `implicit_zero_bit_padding` | | `01003` | `null_value_eliminated_in_set_function` | | `01007` | `privilege_not_granted` | | `01006` | `privilege_not_revoked` | | `01004` | `string_data_right_truncation` | | `01P01` | `deprecated_feature` | | **Class 02 — No Data (this is also a warning class per the SQL standard)** | | | `02000` | `no_data` | | `02001` | `no_additional_dynamic_result_sets_returned` | | **Class 03 — SQL Statement Not Yet Complete** | | | `03000` | `sql_statement_not_yet_complete` | | **Class 08 — Connection Exception** | | | `08000` | `connection_exception` | | `08003` | `connection_does_not_exist` | | `08006` | `connection_failure` | | `08001` | `sqlclient_unable_to_establish_sqlconnection` | | `08004` | `sqlserver_rejected_establishment_of_sqlconnection` | | `08007` | `transaction_resolution_unknown` | | `08P01` | `protocol_violation` | | **Class 09 — Triggered Action Exception** | | | `09000` | `triggered_action_exception` | | **Class 0A — Feature Not Supported** | | | `0A000` | `feature_not_supported` | | **Class 0B — Invalid Transaction Initiation** | | | `0B000` | `invalid_transaction_initiation` | | **Class 0F — Locator Exception** | | | `0F000` | `locator_exception` | | `0F001` | `invalid_locator_specification` | | **Class 0L — Invalid Grantor** | | | `0L000` | `invalid_grantor` | | `0LP01` | `invalid_grant_operation` | | **Class 0P — Invalid Role Specification** | | | `0P000` | `invalid_role_specification` | | **Class 0Z — Diagnostics Exception** | | | `0Z000` | `diagnostics_exception` | | `0Z002` | `stacked_diagnostics_accessed_without_active_handler` | | **Class 20 — Case Not Found** | | | `20000` | `case_not_found` | | **Class 21 — Cardinality Violation** | | | `21000` | `cardinality_violation` | | **Class 22 — Data Exception** | | | `22000` | `data_exception` | | `2202E` | `array_subscript_error` | | `22021` | `character_not_in_repertoire` | | `22008` | `datetime_field_overflow` | | `22012` | `division_by_zero` | | `22005` | `error_in_assignment` | | `2200B` | `escape_character_conflict` | | `22022` | `indicator_overflow` | | `22015` | `interval_field_overflow` | | `2201E` | `invalid_argument_for_logarithm` | | `22014` | `invalid_argument_for_ntile_function` | | `22016` | `invalid_argument_for_nth_value_function` | | `2201F` | `invalid_argument_for_power_function` | | `2201G` | `invalid_argument_for_width_bucket_function` | | `22018` | `invalid_character_value_for_cast` | | `22007` | `invalid_datetime_format` | | `22019` | `invalid_escape_character` | | `2200D` | `invalid_escape_octet` | | `22025` | `invalid_escape_sequence` | | `22P06` | `nonstandard_use_of_escape_character` | | `22010` | `invalid_indicator_parameter_value` | | `22023` | `invalid_parameter_value` | | `22013` | `invalid_preceding_or_following_size` | | `2201B` | `invalid_regular_expression` | | `2201W` | `invalid_row_count_in_limit_clause` | | `2201X` | `invalid_row_count_in_result_offset_clause` | | `2202H` | `invalid_tablesample_argument` | | `2202G` | `invalid_tablesample_repeat` | | `22009` | `invalid_time_zone_displacement_value` | | `2200C` | `invalid_use_of_escape_character` | | `2200G` | `most_specific_type_mismatch` | | `22004` | `null_value_not_allowed` | | `22002` | `null_value_no_indicator_parameter` | | `22003` | `numeric_value_out_of_range` | | `2200H` | `sequence_generator_limit_exceeded` | | `22026` | `string_data_length_mismatch` | | `22001` | `string_data_right_truncation` | | `22011` | `substring_error` | | `22027` | `trim_error` | | `22024` | `unterminated_c_string` | | `2200F` | `zero_length_character_string` | | `22P01` | `floating_point_exception` | | `22P02` | `invalid_text_representation` | | `22P03` | `invalid_binary_representation` | | `22P04` | `bad_copy_file_format` | | `22P05` | `untranslatable_character` | | `2200L` | `not_an_xml_document` | | `2200M` | `invalid_xml_document` | | `2200N` | `invalid_xml_content` | | `2200S` | `invalid_xml_comment` | | `2200T` | `invalid_xml_processing_instruction` | | `22030` | `duplicate_json_object_key_value` | | `22031` | `invalid_argument_for_sql_json_datetime_function` | | `22032` | `invalid_json_text` | | `22033` | `invalid_sql_json_subscript` | | `22034` | `more_than_one_sql_json_item` | | `22035` | `no_sql_json_item` | | `22036` | `non_numeric_sql_json_item` | | `22037` | `non_unique_keys_in_a_json_object` | | `22038` | `singleton_sql_json_item_required` | | `22039` | `sql_json_array_not_found` | | `2203A` | `sql_json_member_not_found` | | `2203B` | `sql_json_number_not_found` | | `2203C` | `sql_json_object_not_found` | | `2203D` | `too_many_json_array_elements` | | `2203E` | `too_many_json_object_members` | | `2203F` | `sql_json_scalar_required` | | `2203G` | `sql_json_item_cannot_be_cast_to_target_type` | | **Class 23 — Integrity Constraint Violation** | | | `23000` | `integrity_constraint_violation` | | `23001` | `restrict_violation` | | `23502` | `not_null_violation` | | `23503` | `foreign_key_violation` | | `23505` | `unique_violation` | | `23514` | `check_violation` | | `23P01` | `exclusion_violation` | | **Class 24 — Invalid Cursor State** | | | `24000` | `invalid_cursor_state` | | **Class 25 — Invalid Transaction State** | | | `25000` | `invalid_transaction_state` | | `25001` | `active_sql_transaction` | | `25002` | `branch_transaction_already_active` | | `25008` | `held_cursor_requires_same_isolation_level` | | `25003` | `inappropriate_access_mode_for_branch_transaction` | | `25004` | `inappropriate_isolation_level_for_branch_transaction` | | `25005` | `no_active_sql_transaction_for_branch_transaction` | | `25006` | `read_only_sql_transaction` | | `25007` | `schema_and_data_statement_mixing_not_supported` | | `25P01` | `no_active_sql_transaction` | | `25P02` | `in_failed_sql_transaction` | | `25P03` | `idle_in_transaction_session_timeout` | | **Class 26 — Invalid SQL Statement Name** | | | `26000` | `invalid_sql_statement_name` | | **Class 27 — Triggered Data Change Violation** | | | `27000` | `triggered_data_change_violation` | | **Class 28 — Invalid Authorization Specification** | | | `28000` | `invalid_authorization_specification` | | `28P01` | `invalid_password` | | **Class 2B — Dependent Privilege Descriptors Still Exist** | | | `2B000` | `dependent_privilege_descriptors_still_exist` | | `2BP01` | `dependent_objects_still_exist` | | **Class 2D — Invalid Transaction Termination** | | | `2D000` | `invalid_transaction_termination` | | **Class 2F — SQL Routine Exception** | | | `2F000` | `sql_routine_exception` | | `2F005` | `function_executed_no_return_statement` | | `2F002` | `modifying_sql_data_not_permitted` | | `2F003` | `prohibited_sql_statement_attempted` | | `2F004` | `reading_sql_data_not_permitted` | | **Class 34 — Invalid Cursor Name** | | | `34000` | `invalid_cursor_name` | | **Class 38 — External Routine Exception** | | | `38000` | `external_routine_exception` | | `38001` | `containing_sql_not_permitted` | | `38002` | `modifying_sql_data_not_permitted` | | `38003` | `prohibited_sql_statement_attempted` | | `38004` | `reading_sql_data_not_permitted` | | **Class 39 — External Routine Invocation Exception** | | | `39000` | `external_routine_invocation_exception` | | `39001` | `invalid_sqlstate_returned` | | `39004` | `null_value_not_allowed` | | `39P01` | `trigger_protocol_violated` | | `39P02` | `srf_protocol_violated` | | `39P03` | `event_trigger_protocol_violated` | | **Class 3B — Savepoint Exception** | | | `3B000` | `savepoint_exception` | | `3B001` | `invalid_savepoint_specification` | | **Class 3D — Invalid Catalog Name** | | | `3D000` | `invalid_catalog_name` | | **Class 3F — Invalid Schema Name** | | | `3F000` | `invalid_schema_name` | | **Class 40 — Transaction Rollback** | | | `40000` | `transaction_rollback` | | `40002` | `transaction_integrity_constraint_violation` | | `40001` | `serialization_failure` | | `40003` | `statement_completion_unknown` | | `40P01` | `deadlock_detected` | | **Class 42 — Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation** | | | `42000` | `syntax_error_or_access_rule_violation` | | `42601` | `syntax_error` | | `42501` | `insufficient_privilege` | | `42846` | `cannot_coerce` | | `42803` | `grouping_error` | | `42P20` | `windowing_error` | | `42P19` | `invalid_recursion` | | `42830` | `invalid_foreign_key` | | `42602` | `invalid_name` | | `42622` | `name_too_long` | | `42939` | `reserved_name` | | `42804` | `datatype_mismatch` | | `42P18` | `indeterminate_datatype` | | `42P21` | `collation_mismatch` | | `42P22` | `indeterminate_collation` | | `42809` | `wrong_object_type` | | `428C9` | `generated_always` | | `42703` | `undefined_column` | | `42883` | `undefined_function` | | `42P01` | `undefined_table` | | `42P02` | `undefined_parameter` | | `42704` | `undefined_object` | | `42701` | `duplicate_column` | | `42P03` | `duplicate_cursor` | | `42P04` | `duplicate_database` | | `42723` | `duplicate_function` | | `42P05` | `duplicate_prepared_statement` | | `42P06` | `duplicate_schema` | | `42P07` | `duplicate_table` | | `42712` | `duplicate_alias` | | `42710` | `duplicate_object` | | `42702` | `ambiguous_column` | | `42725` | `ambiguous_function` | | `42P08` | `ambiguous_parameter` | | `42P09` | `ambiguous_alias` | | `42P10` | `invalid_column_reference` | | `42611` | `invalid_column_definition` | | `42P11` | `invalid_cursor_definition` | | `42P12` | `invalid_database_definition` | | `42P13` | `invalid_function_definition` | | `42P14` | `invalid_prepared_statement_definition` | | `42P15` | `invalid_schema_definition` | | `42P16` | `invalid_table_definition` | | `42P17` | `invalid_object_definition` | | **Class 44 — WITH CHECK OPTION Violation** | | | `44000` | `with_check_option_violation` | | **Class 53 — Insufficient Resources** | | | `53000` | `insufficient_resources` | | `53100` | `disk_full` | | `53200` | `out_of_memory` | | `53300` | `too_many_connections` | | `53400` | `configuration_limit_exceeded` | | **Class 54 — Program Limit Exceeded** | | | `54000` | `program_limit_exceeded` | | `54001` | `statement_too_complex` | | `54011` | `too_many_columns` | | `54023` | `too_many_arguments` | | **Class 55 — Object Not In Prerequisite State** | | | `55000` | `object_not_in_prerequisite_state` | | `55006` | `object_in_use` | | `55P02` | `cant_change_runtime_param` | | `55P03` | `lock_not_available` | | `55P04` | `unsafe_new_enum_value_usage` | | **Class 57 — Operator Intervention** | | | `57000` | `operator_intervention` | | `57014` | `query_canceled` | | `57P01` | `admin_shutdown` | | `57P02` | `crash_shutdown` | | `57P03` | `cannot_connect_now` | | `57P04` | `database_dropped` | | `57P05` | `idle_session_timeout` | | **Class 58 — System Error (errors external to PostgreSQL itself)** | | | `58000` | `system_error` | | `58030` | `io_error` | | `58P01` | `undefined_file` | | `58P02` | `duplicate_file` | | **Class 72 — Snapshot Failure** | | | `72000` | `snapshot_too_old` | | **Class F0 — Configuration File Error** | | | `F0000` | `config_file_error` | | `F0001` | `lock_file_exists` | | **Class HV — Foreign Data Wrapper Error (SQL/MED)** | | | `HV000` | `fdw_error` | | `HV005` | `fdw_column_name_not_found` | | `HV002` | `fdw_dynamic_parameter_value_needed` | | `HV010` | `fdw_function_sequence_error` | | `HV021` | `fdw_inconsistent_descriptor_information` | | `HV024` | `fdw_invalid_attribute_value` | | `HV007` | `fdw_invalid_column_name` | | `HV008` | `fdw_invalid_column_number` | | `HV004` | `fdw_invalid_data_type` | | `HV006` | `fdw_invalid_data_type_descriptors` | | `HV091` | `fdw_invalid_descriptor_field_identifier` | | `HV00B` | `fdw_invalid_handle` | | `HV00C` | `fdw_invalid_option_index` | | `HV00D` | `fdw_invalid_option_name` | | `HV090` | `fdw_invalid_string_length_or_buffer_length` | | `HV00A` | `fdw_invalid_string_format` | | `HV009` | `fdw_invalid_use_of_null_pointer` | | `HV014` | `fdw_too_many_handles` | | `HV001` | `fdw_out_of_memory` | | `HV00P` | `fdw_no_schemas` | | `HV00J` | `fdw_option_name_not_found` | | `HV00K` | `fdw_reply_handle` | | `HV00Q` | `fdw_schema_not_found` | | `HV00R` | `fdw_table_not_found` | | `HV00L` | `fdw_unable_to_create_execution` | | `HV00M` | `fdw_unable_to_create_reply` | | `HV00N` | `fdw_unable_to_establish_connection` | | **Class P0 — PL/pgSQL Error** | | | `P0000` | `plpgsql_error` | | `P0001` | `raise_exception` | | `P0002` | `no_data_found` | | `P0003` | `too_many_rows` | | `P0004` | `assert_failure` | | **Class XX — Internal Error** | | | `XX000` | `internal_error` | | `XX001` | `data_corrupted` | | `XX002` | `index_corrupted` |