Table C.1 列出了在 SQL 標準和 PostgreSQL 15.2 中作為關鍵字的所有標記。相關說明提供於第 4.1.1 節中。 (由於篇幅原因,僅收錄了 SQL 標準的最新兩個版本,以及用於歷史對比的 SQL-92,與其他中間標準版本差異較小。)
SQL 區分保留(reserved)關鍵字和非保留(non-reserved)關鍵字。 根據標準,只有保留關鍵字才是真正的關鍵字; 他們永遠不允許作為標識字串。 非保留關鍵字則只在特定的用法中有特殊的含義,而在其他用法中可以作為標識字串使用。 大多數非保留關鍵字實際上是 SQL 指定的內建資料表和函數的名稱。非保留關鍵字的概念本質上只是為了聲明在某些用法中增加了一些預先定義的含義。
在 PostgreSQL 解析器中,情況有點複雜。 有幾種不同類別的標記,從永遠不能用作標識字串的標記,到在解析器中絕對沒有特殊地位,但被視為普通標識字串的標記都有。 (後者通常是 SQL 指定的函數。)即使保留關鍵字在 PostgreSQL 中也沒有完全保留,而是可以用作欄位標籤(例如 SELECT 55 AS CHECK 是可以的,儘管 CHECK 是保留關鍵字) .
在 Table C.1 的 PostgreSQL 欄位中,我們將解析器明確知道但允許作為欄位名稱或資料表名稱的那些關鍵字分類為“non-reserved”。 一些非保留的關鍵字不能用作函數或資料型別名稱,並相應地進行標記。 (這些詞大多表示具有特殊語法的內建函數或資料型別。函數或型別仍然可用,但使用者不能重新定義。)標記為“reserved”的是那些不允許作為欄位或資料表名稱的標記。 允許一些保留關鍵字作為函數或資料型別的名稱; 這也顯示在表格中。 如果沒有這樣標記,保留關鍵字僅允許作為欄位標籤。 此欄中的空白項目表示該關鍵字被 PostgreSQL 視為普通標識字串。
此外,雖然大多數關鍵字可以直接用作欄位標籤而毋須在它們之前使用 AS(如第 7.3.2 節所述),但有一些關鍵詞需要前導 AS 以避免歧義。 在下表中這些關鍵字會標記為“requires AS”。
一般來說,如果使用任何列出的關鍵字作為標識字的命令出現解析錯誤的時候,您應該嘗試將標識字以雙引號括住,再查看問題是否消失。
在研究 Table C.1 之前,重要的是要了解,在 PostgreSQL 中沒有保留關鍵字並不意味著沒有實作與該關鍵字相關的功能。 同樣地,關鍵字的存在也不表示其功能的存在。
Key Word
PostgreSQL
SQL:2016
SQL:2011
SQL-92
A
non-reserved
non-reserved
ABORT
non-reserved
ABS
reserved
reserved
ABSENT
reserved
non-reserved
ABSOLUTE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
ACCESS
non-reserved
ACCORDING
non-reserved
non-reserved
ACOS
reserved
ACTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
ADA
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ADD
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
ADMIN
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
AFTER
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
AGGREGATE
non-reserved
ALL
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ALLOCATE
reserved
reserved
reserved
ALSO
non-reserved
ALTER
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ALWAYS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ANALYSE
reserved
ANALYZE
reserved
AND
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ANY
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ARE
reserved
reserved
reserved
ARRAY
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
ARRAY_AGG
reserved
reserved
ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY
reserved
reserved
AS
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
ASC
reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
ASENSITIVE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
ASIN
reserved
ASSERTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
ASSIGNMENT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ASYMMETRIC
reserved
reserved
reserved
AT
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ATAN
reserved
ATOMIC
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
ATTACH
non-reserved
ATTRIBUTE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ATTRIBUTES
non-reserved
non-reserved
AUTHORIZATION
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
AVG
reserved
reserved
reserved
BACKWARD
non-reserved
BASE64
non-reserved
non-reserved
BEFORE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
BEGIN
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
BEGIN_FRAME
reserved
reserved
BEGIN_PARTITION
reserved
reserved
BERNOULLI
non-reserved
non-reserved
BETWEEN
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
BIGINT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
BINARY
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
BIT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
BIT_LENGTH
reserved
BLOB
reserved
reserved
BLOCKED
non-reserved
non-reserved
BOM
non-reserved
non-reserved
BOOLEAN
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
BOTH
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
BREADTH
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
BY
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
C
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CACHE
non-reserved
CALL
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
CALLED
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
CARDINALITY
reserved
reserved
CASCADE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
CASCADED
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CASE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CAST
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
CATALOG_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CEIL
reserved
reserved
CEILING
reserved
reserved
CHAIN
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CHAINING
non-reserved
CHAR
non-reserved (cannot be function or type), requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
CHARACTER
non-reserved (cannot be function or type), requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
CHARACTERISTICS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CHARACTERS
non-reserved
non-reserved
CHARACTER_LENGTH
reserved
reserved
reserved
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CHAR_LENGTH
reserved
reserved
reserved
CHECK
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CHECKPOINT
non-reserved
CLASS
non-reserved
CLASSIFIER
reserved
CLASS_ORIGIN
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CLOB
reserved
reserved
CLOSE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CLUSTER
non-reserved
COALESCE
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
COBOL
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COLLATE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
COLLATION
reserved (can be function or type)
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
COLLATION_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COLLATION_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COLLATION_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COLLECT
reserved
reserved
COLUMN
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
COLUMNS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COLUMN_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE
non-reserved
non-reserved
COMMENT
non-reserved
COMMENTS
non-reserved
COMMIT
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
COMMITTED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
COMPRESSION
non-reserved
CONCURRENTLY
reserved (can be function or type)
CONDITION
reserved
reserved
CONDITIONAL
non-reserved
CONDITION_NUMBER
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONFIGURATION
non-reserved
CONFLICT
non-reserved
CONNECT
reserved
reserved
reserved
CONNECTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
CONNECTION_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONSTRAINT
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CONSTRAINTS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONSTRUCTOR
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONTAINS
reserved
reserved
CONTENT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONTINUE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
CONTROL
non-reserved
non-reserved
CONVERSION
non-reserved
CONVERT
reserved
reserved
reserved
COPY
non-reserved
reserved
CORR
reserved
reserved
CORRESPONDING
reserved
reserved
reserved
COS
reserved
COSH
reserved
COST
non-reserved
COUNT
reserved
reserved
reserved
COVAR_POP
reserved
reserved
COVAR_SAMP
reserved
reserved
CREATE
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
CROSS
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
CSV
non-reserved
CUBE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
CUME_DIST
reserved
reserved
CURRENT
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_CATALOG
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_DATE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_PATH
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_ROLE
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_ROW
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_SCHEMA
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_TIME
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE
reserved
reserved
CURRENT_USER
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURSOR
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
CURSOR_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
CYCLE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
DATA
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DATABASE
non-reserved
DATALINK
reserved
reserved
DATE
reserved
reserved
reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DAY
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
DB
non-reserved
non-reserved
DEALLOCATE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
DEC
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
DECFLOAT
reserved
DECIMAL
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
DECLARE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
DEFAULT
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
DEFAULTS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DEFERRABLE
reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
DEFERRED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
DEFINE
reserved
DEFINED
non-reserved
non-reserved
DEFINER
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DEGREE
non-reserved
non-reserved
DELETE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
DELIMITER
non-reserved
DELIMITERS
non-reserved
DENSE_RANK
reserved
reserved
DEPENDS
non-reserved
DEPTH
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DEREF
reserved
reserved
DERIVED
non-reserved
non-reserved
DESC
reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
DESCRIBE
reserved
reserved
reserved
DESCRIPTOR
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
DETACH
non-reserved
DETERMINISTIC
reserved
reserved
DIAGNOSTICS
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
DICTIONARY
non-reserved
DISABLE
non-reserved
DISCARD
non-reserved
DISCONNECT
reserved
reserved
reserved
DISPATCH
non-reserved
non-reserved
DISTINCT
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
DLNEWCOPY
reserved
reserved
DLPREVIOUSCOPY
reserved
reserved
DLURLCOMPLETE
reserved
reserved
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY
reserved
reserved
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE
reserved
reserved
DLURLPATH
reserved
reserved
DLURLPATHONLY
reserved
reserved
DLURLPATHWRITE
reserved
reserved
DLURLSCHEME
reserved
reserved
DLURLSERVER
reserved
reserved
DLVALUE
reserved
reserved
DO
reserved
DOCUMENT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DOMAIN
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
DOUBLE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
DROP
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
DYNAMIC
reserved
reserved
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE
non-reserved
non-reserved
EACH
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
ELEMENT
reserved
reserved
ELSE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
EMPTY
reserved
non-reserved
ENABLE
non-reserved
ENCODING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ENCRYPTED
non-reserved
END
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
END-EXEC
reserved
reserved
reserved
END_FRAME
reserved
reserved
END_PARTITION
reserved
reserved
ENFORCED
non-reserved
non-reserved
ENUM
non-reserved
EQUALS
reserved
reserved
ERROR
non-reserved
ESCAPE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
EVENT
non-reserved
EVERY
reserved
reserved
EXCEPT
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
EXCEPTION
reserved
EXCLUDE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
EXCLUDING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
EXCLUSIVE
non-reserved
EXEC
reserved
reserved
reserved
EXECUTE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
EXISTS
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
EXP
reserved
reserved
EXPLAIN
non-reserved
EXPRESSION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
EXTENSION
non-reserved
EXTERNAL
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
EXTRACT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
FALSE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
FAMILY
non-reserved
FETCH
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
FILE
non-reserved
non-reserved
FILTER
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
FINAL
non-reserved
non-reserved
FINALIZE
non-reserved
FINISH
non-reserved
FIRST
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
FIRST_VALUE
reserved
reserved
FLAG
non-reserved
non-reserved
FLOAT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
FLOOR
reserved
reserved
FOLLOWING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
FOR
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
FORCE
non-reserved
FOREIGN
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
FORMAT
non-reserved
FORTRAN
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
FORWARD
non-reserved
FOUND
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
FRAME_ROW
reserved
reserved
FREE
reserved
reserved
FREEZE
reserved (can be function or type)
FROM
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
FS
non-reserved
non-reserved
FULFILL
non-reserved
FULL
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
FUNCTION
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
FUNCTIONS
non-reserved
FUSION
reserved
reserved
G
non-reserved
non-reserved
GENERAL
non-reserved
non-reserved
GENERATED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
GET
reserved
reserved
reserved
GLOBAL
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
GO
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
GOTO
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
GRANT
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
GRANTED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
GREATEST
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
GROUP
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
GROUPING
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
GROUPS
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
HANDLER
non-reserved
HAVING
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
HEADER
non-reserved
HEX
non-reserved
non-reserved
HIERARCHY
non-reserved
non-reserved
HOLD
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
HOUR
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
ID
non-reserved
non-reserved
IDENTITY
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
IF
non-reserved
IGNORE
non-reserved
non-reserved
ILIKE
reserved (can be function or type)
IMMEDIATE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
IMMEDIATELY
non-reserved
non-reserved
IMMUTABLE
non-reserved
IMPLEMENTATION
non-reserved
non-reserved
IMPLICIT
non-reserved
IMPORT
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
IN
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
INCLUDE
non-reserved
INCLUDING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
INCREMENT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
INDENT
non-reserved
non-reserved
INDEX
non-reserved
INDEXES
non-reserved
INDICATOR
reserved
reserved
reserved
INHERIT
non-reserved
INHERITS
non-reserved
INITIAL
reserved
INITIALLY
reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
INLINE
non-reserved
INNER
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
INOUT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
INPUT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
INSENSITIVE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
INSERT
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
INSTANCE
non-reserved
non-reserved
INSTANTIABLE
non-reserved
non-reserved
INSTEAD
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
INT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
INTEGER
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
INTEGRITY
non-reserved
non-reserved
INTERSECT
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
INTERSECTION
reserved
reserved
INTERVAL
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
INTO
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
INVOKER
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
IS
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
ISNULL
reserved (can be function or type), requires AS
ISOLATION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
JOIN
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
JSON_ARRAY
reserved
JSON_ARRAYAGG
reserved
JSON_EXISTS
reserved
JSON_OBJECT
reserved
JSON_OBJECTAGG
reserved
JSON_QUERY
reserved
JSON_TABLE
reserved
JSON_TABLE_PRIMITIVE
reserved
JSON_VALUE
reserved
K
non-reserved
non-reserved
KEEP
non-reserved
KEY
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
KEYS
non-reserved
KEY_MEMBER
non-reserved
non-reserved
KEY_TYPE
non-reserved
non-reserved
LABEL
non-reserved
LAG
reserved
reserved
LANGUAGE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
LARGE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
LAST
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
LAST_VALUE
reserved
reserved
LATERAL
reserved
reserved
reserved
LEAD
reserved
reserved
LEADING
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
LEAKPROOF
non-reserved
LEAST
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
LEFT
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
LENGTH
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
LEVEL
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
LIBRARY
non-reserved
non-reserved
LIKE
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
LIKE_REGEX
reserved
reserved
LIMIT
reserved, requires AS
non-reserved
non-reserved
LINK
non-reserved
non-reserved
LISTAGG
reserved
LISTEN
non-reserved
LN
reserved
reserved
LOAD
non-reserved
LOCAL
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
LOCALTIME
reserved
reserved
reserved
LOCALTIMESTAMP
reserved
reserved
reserved
LOCATION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
LOCATOR
non-reserved
non-reserved
LOCK
non-reserved
LOCKED
non-reserved
LOG
reserved
LOG10
reserved
LOGGED
non-reserved
LOWER
reserved
reserved
reserved
M
non-reserved
non-reserved
MAP
non-reserved
non-reserved
MAPPING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
MATCH
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
MATCHED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
MATCHES
reserved
MATCH_NUMBER
reserved
MATCH_RECOGNIZE
reserved
MATERIALIZED
non-reserved
MAX
reserved
reserved
reserved
MAXVALUE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
MEASURES
reserved
MEMBER
reserved
reserved
MERGE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
MESSAGE_LENGTH
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
MESSAGE_TEXT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
METHOD
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
MIN
reserved
reserved
reserved
MINUTE
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
MINVALUE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
MOD
reserved
reserved
MODE
non-reserved
MODIFIES
reserved
reserved
MODULE
reserved
reserved
reserved
MONTH
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
MORE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
MOVE
non-reserved
MULTISET
reserved
reserved
MUMPS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NAMES
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
NAMESPACE
non-reserved
non-reserved
NATIONAL
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
NATURAL
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
NCHAR
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
NCLOB
reserved
reserved
NESTED
non-reserved
NESTING
non-reserved
non-reserved
NEW
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
NEXT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
NFC
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NFD
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NFKC
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NFKD
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NIL
non-reserved
non-reserved
NO
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
NONE
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
NORMALIZE
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
NORMALIZED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NOT
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
NOTHING
non-reserved
NOTIFY
non-reserved
NOTNULL
reserved (can be function or type), requires AS
NOWAIT
non-reserved
NTH_VALUE
reserved
reserved
NTILE
reserved
reserved
NULL
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
NULLABLE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NULLIF
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
NULLS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NULL_ORDERING
non-reserved
NUMBER
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
NUMERIC
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
OBJECT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
OCCURRENCE
non-reserved
OCCURRENCES_REGEX
reserved
reserved
OCTETS
non-reserved
non-reserved
OCTET_LENGTH
reserved
reserved
reserved
OF
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
OFF
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
OFFSET
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
OIDS
non-reserved
OLD
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
OMIT
reserved
ON
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
ONE
reserved
ONLY
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
OPEN
reserved
reserved
reserved
OPERATOR
non-reserved
OPTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
OPTIONS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
OR
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ORDER
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
ORDERING
non-reserved
non-reserved
ORDINALITY
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
OTHERS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
OUT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
OUTER
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
OUTPUT
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
OVER
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
OVERFLOW
non-reserved
OVERLAPS
reserved (can be function or type), requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
OVERLAY
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
OVERRIDING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
OWNED
non-reserved
OWNER
non-reserved
P
non-reserved
non-reserved
PAD
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
PARALLEL
non-reserved
PARAMETER
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
PARAMETER_MODE
non-reserved
non-reserved
PARAMETER_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION
non-reserved
non-reserved
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
PARSER
non-reserved
PARTIAL
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
PARTITION
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
PASCAL
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
PASS
non-reserved
PASSING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
PASSTHROUGH
non-reserved
non-reserved
PASSWORD
non-reserved
PAST
non-reserved
PATH
non-reserved
non-reserved
PATTERN
reserved
PER
reserved
PERCENT
reserved
reserved
PERCENTILE_CONT
reserved
reserved
PERCENTILE_DISC
reserved
reserved
PERCENT_RANK
reserved
reserved
PERIOD
reserved
reserved
PERMISSION
non-reserved
non-reserved
PERMUTE
reserved
PIPE
non-reserved
PLACING
reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
PLAN
non-reserved
PLANS
non-reserved
PLI
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
POLICY
non-reserved
PORTION
reserved
reserved
POSITION
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
POSITION_REGEX
reserved
reserved
POWER
reserved
reserved
PRECEDES
reserved
reserved
PRECEDING
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
PRECISION
non-reserved (cannot be function or type), requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
PREPARE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
PREPARED
non-reserved
PRESERVE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
PREV
non-reserved
PRIMARY
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
PRIOR
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
PRIVATE
non-reserved
PRIVILEGES
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
PROCEDURAL
non-reserved
PROCEDURE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
PROCEDURES
non-reserved
PROGRAM
non-reserved
PRUNE
non-reserved
PTF
reserved
PUBLIC
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
PUBLICATION
non-reserved
QUOTE
non-reserved
QUOTES
non-reserved
RANGE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
RANK
reserved
reserved
READ
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
READS
reserved
reserved
REAL
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
REASSIGN
non-reserved
RECHECK
non-reserved
RECOVERY
non-reserved
non-reserved
RECURSIVE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
REF
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
REFERENCES
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
REFERENCING
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
REFRESH
non-reserved
REGR_AVGX
reserved
reserved
REGR_AVGY
reserved
reserved
REGR_COUNT
reserved
reserved
REGR_INTERCEPT
reserved
reserved
REGR_R2
reserved
reserved
REGR_SLOPE
reserved
reserved
REGR_SXX
reserved
reserved
REGR_SXY
reserved
reserved
REGR_SYY
reserved
reserved
REINDEX
non-reserved
RELATIVE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
RELEASE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
RENAME
non-reserved
REPEATABLE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
REPLACE
non-reserved
REPLICA
non-reserved
REQUIRING
non-reserved
non-reserved
RESET
non-reserved
RESPECT
non-reserved
non-reserved
RESTART
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
RESTORE
non-reserved
non-reserved
RESTRICT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
RESULT
reserved
reserved
RETURN
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
RETURNED_CARDINALITY
non-reserved
non-reserved
RETURNED_LENGTH
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
RETURNED_SQLSTATE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
RETURNING
reserved, requires AS
non-reserved
non-reserved
RETURNS
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
REVOKE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
RIGHT
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
ROLE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ROLLBACK
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ROLLUP
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
ROUTINE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ROUTINES
non-reserved
ROUTINE_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
ROUTINE_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
ROUTINE_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
ROW
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
ROWS
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
ROW_COUNT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ROW_NUMBER
reserved
reserved
RULE
non-reserved
RUNNING
reserved
SAVEPOINT
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
SCALAR
non-reserved
SCALE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
SCHEMAS
non-reserved
SCHEMA_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SCOPE
reserved
reserved
SCOPE_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
SCOPE_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
SCOPE_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
SCROLL
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
SEARCH
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
SECOND
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
SECTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
SECURITY
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SEEK
reserved
SELECT
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
SELECTIVE
non-reserved
non-reserved
SELF
non-reserved
non-reserved
SEMANTICS
non-reserved
SENSITIVE
reserved
reserved
SEQUENCE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SEQUENCES
non-reserved
SERIALIZABLE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SERVER
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SERVER_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SESSION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
SESSION_USER
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
SET
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
SETOF
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
SETS
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SHARE
non-reserved
SHOW
non-reserved
reserved
SIMILAR
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
SIMPLE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SIN
reserved
SINH
reserved
SIZE
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
SKIP
non-reserved
reserved
SMALLINT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
SNAPSHOT
non-reserved
SOME
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
SORT_DIRECTION
non-reserved
SOURCE
non-reserved
non-reserved
SPACE
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
SPECIFIC
reserved
reserved
SPECIFICTYPE
reserved
reserved
SPECIFIC_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
SQL
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
SQLCODE
reserved
SQLERROR
reserved
SQLEXCEPTION
reserved
reserved
SQLSTATE
reserved
reserved
reserved
SQLWARNING
reserved
reserved
SQRT
reserved
reserved
STABLE
non-reserved
STANDALONE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
START
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
STATE
non-reserved
non-reserved
STATEMENT
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
STATIC
reserved
reserved
STATISTICS
non-reserved
STDDEV_POP
reserved
reserved
STDDEV_SAMP
reserved
reserved
STDIN
non-reserved
STDOUT
non-reserved
STORAGE
non-reserved
STORED
non-reserved
STRICT
non-reserved
STRING
non-reserved
STRIP
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
STRUCTURE
non-reserved
non-reserved
STYLE
non-reserved
non-reserved
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
SUBMULTISET
reserved
reserved
SUBSCRIPTION
non-reserved
SUBSET
reserved
SUBSTRING
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
SUBSTRING_REGEX
reserved
reserved
SUCCEEDS
reserved
reserved
SUM
reserved
reserved
reserved
SUPPORT
non-reserved
SYMMETRIC
reserved
reserved
reserved
SYSID
non-reserved
SYSTEM
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
SYSTEM_TIME
reserved
reserved
SYSTEM_USER
reserved
reserved
reserved
T
non-reserved
non-reserved
TABLE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
TABLES
non-reserved
TABLESAMPLE
reserved (can be function or type)
reserved
reserved
TABLESPACE
non-reserved
TABLE_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
TAN
reserved
TANH
reserved
TEMP
non-reserved
TEMPLATE
non-reserved
TEMPORARY
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
TEXT
non-reserved
THEN
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
THROUGH
non-reserved
TIES
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
TIME
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
TIMESTAMP
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
TIMEZONE_HOUR
reserved
reserved
reserved
TIMEZONE_MINUTE
reserved
reserved
reserved
TO
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
TOKEN
non-reserved
non-reserved
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRAILING
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
TRANSACTION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRANSFORM
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRANSFORMS
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRANSLATE
reserved
reserved
reserved
TRANSLATE_REGEX
reserved
reserved
TRANSLATION
reserved
reserved
reserved
TREAT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
TRIGGER
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
TRIGGER_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRIGGER_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRIGGER_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
TRIM
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
TRIM_ARRAY
reserved
reserved
TRUE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
TRUNCATE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
TRUSTED
non-reserved
TYPE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
TYPES
non-reserved
UESCAPE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
UNBOUNDED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
UNCOMMITTED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
UNCONDITIONAL
non-reserved
UNDER
non-reserved
non-reserved
UNENCRYPTED
non-reserved
UNION
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
UNIQUE
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
UNKNOWN
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
UNLINK
non-reserved
non-reserved
UNLISTEN
non-reserved
UNLOGGED
non-reserved
UNMATCHED
reserved
UNNAMED
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
UNNEST
reserved
reserved
UNTIL
non-reserved
UNTYPED
non-reserved
non-reserved
UPDATE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
UPPER
reserved
reserved
reserved
URI
non-reserved
non-reserved
USAGE
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
USER
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG
non-reserved
non-reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE
non-reserved
non-reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME
non-reserved
non-reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
USING
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
UTF16
non-reserved
UTF32
non-reserved
UTF8
non-reserved
VACUUM
non-reserved
VALID
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
VALIDATE
non-reserved
VALIDATOR
non-reserved
VALUE
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
VALUES
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
VALUE_OF
reserved
reserved
VARBINARY
reserved
reserved
VARCHAR
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
reserved
VARIADIC
reserved
VARYING
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
VAR_POP
reserved
reserved
VAR_SAMP
reserved
reserved
VERBOSE
reserved (can be function or type)
VERSION
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
VERSIONING
reserved
reserved
VIEW
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
VIEWS
non-reserved
VOLATILE
non-reserved
WHEN
reserved
reserved
reserved
reserved
WHENEVER
reserved
reserved
reserved
WHERE
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
WHITESPACE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
WIDTH_BUCKET
reserved
reserved
WINDOW
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
WITH
reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
WITHIN
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
WITHOUT
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
WORK
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
WRAPPER
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
WRITE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved
XML
non-reserved
reserved
reserved
XMLAGG
reserved
reserved
XMLATTRIBUTES
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLBINARY
reserved
reserved
XMLCAST
reserved
reserved
XMLCOMMENT
reserved
reserved
XMLCONCAT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLDECLARATION
non-reserved
non-reserved
XMLDOCUMENT
reserved
reserved
XMLELEMENT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLEXISTS
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLFOREST
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLITERATE
reserved
reserved
XMLNAMESPACES
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLPARSE
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLPI
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLQUERY
reserved
reserved
XMLROOT
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
XMLSCHEMA
non-reserved
non-reserved
XMLSERIALIZE
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLTABLE
non-reserved (cannot be function or type)
reserved
reserved
XMLTEXT
reserved
reserved
XMLVALIDATE
reserved
reserved
YEAR
non-reserved, requires AS
reserved
reserved
reserved
YES
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
ZONE
non-reserved
non-reserved
non-reserved
reserved