# PostgreSQL 正體中文使用手冊

## 11

- [簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/master.md): 本使用手冊由台灣 PostgreSQL 社群提供，翻譯自 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，以推廣 PostgreSQL 於台灣的應用。
- [前言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/qian-yan.md)
- [1. 什麼是PostgreSQL？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/qian-yan/1.-shi-mo-shi-postgresql.md)
- [2. PostgreSQL沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/qian-yan/2.-postgresql-yan-ge.md)
- [3. 慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/qian-yan/3.-guan-li.md)
- [4. 其他參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/qian-yan/4.-qi-ta-can-kao-zi-xun.md)
- [5. 問題回報指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/qian-yan/5.-wen-ti-hui-bao-zhi-nan.md)
- [I. 新手教學](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial.md)
- [1. 入門指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/getting-started.md): 版本：11
- [1.1. 安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/getting-started/installation.md): 版本：11
- [1.2. 基礎架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/getting-started/architectural-fundamentals.md): 版本：11
- [1.3. 建立一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/getting-started/creating-a-database.md): 版本：11
- [1.4. 存取一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/getting-started/accessing-a-database.md): 版本：11
- [2. SQL查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language.md): 版本：11
- [2.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/introduction.md): 版本：11
- [2.2. 概念](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/concepts.md): 版本：11
- [2.3. 創建一個新的資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/creating-a-new-table.md): 版本：11
- [2.4. 資料列是資料表的組成單位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/populating-a-table-with-rows.md): 版本：11
- [2.5. 資料表的查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/querying-a-table.md): 版本：11
- [2.6. 交叉查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/joins-between-tables.md): 版本：11
- [2.7. 彙總查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/aggregate-functions.md): 版本：11
- [2.8. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/updates.md): 版本：11
- [2.9. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/the-sql-language/deletions.md): 版本：11
- [3. 先進功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features.md)
- [3.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features/introduction.md)
- [3.2. 檢視表（View）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features/views.md)
- [3.3. 外部索引鍵](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features/foreign-keys.md)
- [3.4. 交易安全](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features/transactions.md)
- [3.5. 窗函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features/3.5.-chuang-han-shu.md)
- [3.6. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features/inheritance.md)
- [3.7. 結論](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/tutorial/advanced-features/conclusion.md)
- [II. SQL查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language.md)
- [4. SQL語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/sql-syntax.md)
- [4.1. 語法結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/lexical-structure.md)
- [4.2. 參數表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/value-expressions.md)
- [4.3. 函數呼叫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/4.3.-han-shu-hu-jiao.md)
- [5. 定義資料結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl.md)
- [5.1. 認識資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.1.-ren-shi-zi-liao-biao.md)
- [5.2. 預設值](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.2.-yu-she-zhi.md)
- [5.3. 限制條件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/constraints.md)
- [5.4. 系統欄位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.4.-xi-tong-lan-wei.md)
- [5.5. 表格變更](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.5.-biao-ge-bian-geng.md)
- [5.6. 權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.6.-quan-xian.md)
- [5.7. 資料列安全原則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.7.-zi-liao-lie-an-quan-yuan-ze.md)
- [5.8. Schemas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.8.-schemas.md)
- [5.9. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.9.-ji-cheng.md)
- [5.10. 分割資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.10.-fen-ge-zi-liao-biao.md)
- [5.11. 外部資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.11.-wai-bu-zi-liao.md)
- [5.12. 其他資料庫物件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/5.12.-qi-ta-zi-liao-ku-wu-jian.md)
- [5.13. 相依性追蹤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/ddl/dependency-tracking.md)
- [6. 資料處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-manipulation.md)
- [6.1. 新增資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.1.-xin-zeng-zi-liao.md)
- [6.2. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.2.-geng-xin-zi-liao.md)
- [6.3. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.3.-shan-chu-zi-liao.md)
- [6.4. 修改並回傳資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/returning-data-from-modified-rows.md)
- [7. 資料查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries.md)
- [7.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/7.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [7.2. 資料表表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/7.2.-zi-liao-biao-biao-shi-shi.md)
- [7.3. 取得資料列表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/7.3.-qu-de-zi-liao-lie-biao.md)
- [7.4. 合併查詢結果](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/7.4.-he-bing-cha-xun-jie-guo.md)
- [7.5. 資料排序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/7.5.-zi-liao-pai-xu.md)
- [7.6. 指定資料範圍](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/7.6.-zhi-ding-zi-liao-fan-wei.md)
- [7.7. 列舉資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/7.7.-lie-ju-zi-liao.md)
- [7.8. 遞迴查詢（Common Table Expressions）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/queries/with-queries.md)
- [8. 資料型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types.md)
- [8.1. 數字型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/numeric-types.md)
- [8.2. 貨幣型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.2.-huo-bi-xing-bie.md)
- [8.3. 字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/character-types.md)
- [8.4. 位元組型別（bytea）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/binary.md)
- [8.5. 日期時間型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/date-time.md)
- [8.6. 布林型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.6.-bu-lin-xing-bie.md)
- [8.7. 列舉型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.7.-lie-ju-xing-bie.md)
- [8.8. 地理資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.8.-di-li-zi-xun-xing-bie.md)
- [8.9. 網路資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.9.-wang-lu-zi-xun-xing-bie.md)
- [8.10. 位元字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.10.-wei-yuan-zi-chuan-xing-bie.md)
- [8.11. 全文檢索型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.11.-quan-wen-jian-suo-xing-bie.md)
- [8.12. UUID型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.12.-uuid-xing-bie.md)
- [8.13. XML型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.13.-xml-xing-bie.md)
- [8.14. JSON型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.14.-json-xing-bie.md)
- [8.15. 陣列](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.15.-zhen-lie.md)
- [8.16. 複合型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.16.-fu-he-xing-bie.md)
- [8.17. 範圍型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/range-types.md): 版本：11
- [8.18. 指標型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.18.-zhi-biao-xing-bie.md)
- [8.19. pg\_lsn型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.19.-pglsn-xing-bie.md)
- [8.20. 概念型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/data-types/8.20.-gai-nian-xing-bie.md)
- [9. 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.1. 邏輯運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.1.-luo-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.2. 比較函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.2.-bi-jiao-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.3. 數學函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.3.-shu-xue-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.4. 字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.5. 位元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.5.-wei-yuan-zi-chuan-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.6. 二元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.6.-er-yuan-zi-chuan-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.7. 特徵比對](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/pattern-matching.md): 版本：11
- [9.8. 型別轉換函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.8.-xing-bie-zhuan-huan-han-shi.md)
- [9.9 日期時間函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.9-ri-qi-shi-jian-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.10. 列舉型別函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.10.-lie-ju-xing-bie-han-shi.md)
- [9.11. 地理資訊函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.11.-di-li-zi-xun-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.12. 網路位址函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.12.-wang-lu-wei-zhi-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.13. 文字檢索函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.13.-wen-zi-jian-suo-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.14. XML函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/xml.md): 版本：11
- [9.15. JSON函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.15.-json-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.16. 序列函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.16.-xu-lie-han-shi.md)
- [9.17. 條件表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.17.-tiao-jian-biao-shi-shi.md)
- [9.18. 陣列函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.18.-zhen-lie-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.19. 範圍函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.19.-fan-wei-han-shi-ji-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [9.20. 彙總函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/aggregate-functions.md): 版本：11
- [9.21. Window函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.21.-window-han-shi.md)
- [9.22. 子查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.22.-zi-cha-xun.md)
- [9.23. 資料列與陣列的比較運算](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/row-and-array-comparisons.md)
- [9.24. 集合回傳函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.24.-ji-he-hui-chuan-han-shi.md)
- [9.25. 系統資訊函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-information-functions.md)
- [9.26. 系統管理函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-administration.md)
- [9.27. 觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.27.-chu-fa-han-shi.md)
- [9.28. 事件觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/9.28.-shi-jian-chu-fa-han-shi.md)
- [10. 型別轉換](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/type-conversion.md)
- [10.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [10.2. 運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.2.-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [10.3. 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.3.-han-shi.md)
- [10.4. 資料儲存轉換規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/type-conversion/value-storage.md): 版本：11
- [10.5. UNION、CASE 等相關結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/type-conversion/union-case-and-related-constructs.md)
- [10.6. SELECT輸出規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.6.-select-shu-chu-gui-ze.md)
- [11. 索引（Index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index.md)
- [11.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/introduction.md)
- [11.2. 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/index-types.md)
- [11.3. 多欄位索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/multicolumn-indexes.md)
- [11.4. 索引與ORDER BY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-order-by.md)
- [11.5. 善用多個索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/combining-multiple-indexes.md)
- [11.6. 唯一值索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/unique-indexes.md)
- [11.7. 表示式索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/indexes-on-expressions.md)
- [11.8. 部份索引（partial index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/partial-indexes.md)
- [11.9. 運算子物件及家族](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/operator-classes-and-operator-families.md)
- [11.10. 索引與排序規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-collations.md)
- [11.11. 索引限定查詢（Index-only scan）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/index-only-scans.md)
- [11.12. 檢查索引運用](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/index/examining-index-usage.md)
- [12. 全文檢索](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo.md)
- [12.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [12.2. 查詢與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.2.-cha-xun-yu-suo-yin.md)
- [12.3. 細部控制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.3.-xi-bu-kong-zhi.md)
- [12.4. 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.4.-yan-shen-gong-neng.md)
- [12.5. 斷詞](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.5.-duan-ci.md)
- [12.6. 字典](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.6.-zi-dian.md)
- [12.7. 組態範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.7.-zu-tai-fan-li.md)
- [12.8. 測試與除錯](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.8.-ce-shi-yu-chu-cuo.md)
- [12.9. GIN及GiST索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.9.-gin-ji-gist-suo-yin-xing-bie.md)
- [12.10. psql支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.10.-psql-zhi-yuan.md)
- [12.11. 功能限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.11.-gong-neng-xian-zhi.md)
- [13. 一致性管理(MVCC)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/concurrency-control.md)
- [13.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/introduction.md): 版本：11
- [13.2. 交易隔離](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/transaction-isolation.md): 版本：11
- [13.3. 鎖定模式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/explicit-locking.md): 版本：11
- [13.4. 在應用端檢視資料一致性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/data-consistency-checks-at-the-application-level.md): 版本：11
- [13.5. 特別注意](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/caveats.md): 版本：11
- [13.6. 鎖定與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/locking-and-indexes.md): 版本：11
- [14. 效能技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/performance-tips.md)
- [14.1. 善用EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/performance-tips/using-explain.md)
- [14.2. 統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/performance-tips/statistics-used-by-the-planner.md)
- [14.3. 使用確切的JOIN方式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/performance-tips/controlling-the-planner-with-explicit-join-clauses.md)
- [14.4. 快速建立資料庫內容](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/performance-tips/14.4.-kuai-su-jian-li-zi-liao-ku-nei-rong.md)
- [14.5. 彈性設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/performance-tips/14.5.-dan-xing-she-ding.md)
- [15. 平行查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/15.-ping-hang-cha-xun.md)
- [15.1. 如何運作？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/15.-ping-hang-cha-xun/15.1.-ru-he-yun-zuo.md)
- [15.2. 啓用時機？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/15.-ping-hang-cha-xun/15.2.-qi-yong-shi-ji.md)
- [15.3. 平行查詢計畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/15.-ping-hang-cha-xun/15.3.-ping-hang-cha-xun-ji-hua.md)
- [15.4. 平行查詢的安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/the-sql-language/15.-ping-hang-cha-xun/15.4.-ping-hang-cha-xun-de-an-quan-xing.md)
- [III. 系統管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration.md)
- [16. 用原始碼安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code.md)
- [16.1. Short Version](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/short-version.md)
- [16.2. Requirements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/requirements.md)
- [16.3. Getting The Source](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/getting-the-source.md)
- [16.4. 安裝流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/installation-procedure.md)
- [16.5. Post-Installation Setup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/post-installation-setup.md)
- [16.6. Supported Platforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/supported-platforms.md)
- [16.7. 平台相關的注意事項](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/platform-specific-notes.md)
- [17. 用原始碼在 Windows 上安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows.md)
- [17.1. Building with Visual C++ or the Microsoft Windows SDK](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows/17.1.-building-with-visual-c++-or-the-microsoft-windows-sdk.md)
- [18. 服務配置與維運](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation.md)
- [18.1. PostgreSQL 使用者帳號](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.1.-postgresql-shi-yong-zhe-zhang-hao.md)
- [18.2. Creating a Database Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.2.-creating-a-database-cluster.md)
- [18.3. Starting the Database Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.3.-starting-the-database-server.md)
- [18.4. 核心資源管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/managing-kernel-resources.md)
- [18.5. Shutting Down the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.5.-shutting-down-the-server.md)
- [18.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.6.-upgrading-a-postgresql-cluster.md)
- [18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/preventing-server-spoofing.md)
- [18.8. Encryption Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.8.-encryption-options.md)
- [18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.9.-secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssl.md)
- [18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.10.-secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssh-tunnels.md)
- [18.11. 在 Windows 註冊事件日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.11.-zai-windows-zhu-ce-shi-jian-ri-zhi.md)
- [19. 服務組態設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration.md)
- [19.1. Setting Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.1.-setting-parameters.md)
- [19.2. File Locations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.2.-file-locations.md)
- [19.3. 連線與認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/connections-and-authentication.md): 版本：11
- [19.4. 資源配置](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/resource-consumption.md)
- [19.5. Write Ahead Log](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/write-ahead-log.md)
- [19.6. 複寫（Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/replication.md): 版本：11
- [19.7. 查詢規畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/query-planning.md): 版本：11
- [19.8. 錯誤回報與日誌記錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/error-reporting-and-logging.md)
- [19.9. Run-time Statistics](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.9.-run-time-statistics.md)
- [19.10. 自動資料庫清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/automatic-vacuuming.md)
- [19.11. 用戶端連線預設參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.11.-yong-hu-duan-lian-xian-yu-she-can-shu.md)
- [19.12. 交易鎖定管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.12.-jiao-yi-suo-ding-guan-li.md)
- [19.13. 版本與平台的相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.13.-ban-ben-yu-ping-tai-de-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [19.14. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.14.-error-handling.md)
- [19.15. 預先配置的參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.15.-yu-xian-pei-zhi-de-can-shu.md)
- [19.16. Customized Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.16.-customized-options.md)
- [19.17. Developer Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.17.-developer-options.md)
- [19.18. Short Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/server-configuration/19.18.-short-options.md)
- [20. 使用者認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/client-authentication.md)
- [20.1. 設定檔：pg\_hba.conf](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/client-authentication/the-pg_hba.conf-file.md): 版本：11
- [20.2. User Name Maps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/client-authentication/user-name-maps.md)
- [20.3. Authentication Methods](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-methods.md)
- [20.4. Authentication Problems](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-problems.md)
- [21. 資料庫角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/21.-zi-liao-ku-jiao-se.md)
- [21.1. Database Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/21.-zi-liao-ku-jiao-se/21.1.-database-roles.md)
- [21.2. Role Attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/21.-zi-liao-ku-jiao-se/21.2.-role-attributes.md)
- [21.3. Role Membership](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/21.-zi-liao-ku-jiao-se/21.3.-role-membership.md)
- [21.4. 移除角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/21.-zi-liao-ku-jiao-se/21.4.-yi-chu-jiao-se.md)
- [21.5. Default Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/21.-zi-liao-ku-jiao-se/21.5.-default-roles.md)
- [21.6. Function Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/21.-zi-liao-ku-jiao-se/21.6.-function-security.md)
- [22. Managing Databases](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/managing-databases.md)
- [22.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/managing-databases/22.1.-overview.md)
- [22.2. Creating a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/managing-databases/22.2.-creating-a-database.md)
- [22.3. 樣版資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/managing-databases/template-databases.md): 版本：11
- [22.4. Database Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/managing-databases/22.4.-database-configuration.md)
- [22.5. Destroying a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/managing-databases/22.5.-destroying-a-database.md)
- [22.6. Tablespaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/managing-databases/22.6.-tablespaces.md)
- [23. 語系](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/localization.md)
- [23.1. 語系支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/localization/locale-support.md): 版本：11
- [23.2. Collation Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/localization/collation-support.md)
- [23.3. 字元集支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/localization/character-set-support.md)
- [24. 例行性資料庫維護工作](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks.md)
- [24.1. 例行性資料清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-vacuuming.md)
- [24.2. 定期重建索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-reindexing.md)
- [24.3. Log File Maintenance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/24.3.-log-file-maintenance.md)
- [25. 備份及還原](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan.md)
- [25.1. SQL Dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan/25.1.-sql-dump.md)
- [25.2. File System Level Backup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan/25.2.-file-system-level-backup.md)
- [25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan/25.3.-continuous-archiving-and-point-in-time-recovery-pitr.md)
- [26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication.md)
- [26.1. Comparison of Different Solutions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.1.-comparison-of-different-solutions.md)
- [26.2. 日誌轉送備用伺服器 Log-Shipping Standby Servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/log-shipping-standby-servers.md): 版本：11
- [26.3. Failover](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.3.-failover.md)
- [26.4. Alternative Method for Log Shipping](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.4.-alternative-method-for-log-shipping.md)
- [26.5. Hot Standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.5.-hot-standby.md)
- [27. Recovery Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/recovery-configuration.md)
- [27.1. Archive Recovery Settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/recovery-configuration/27.1.-archive-recovery-settings.md)
- [27.2. Recovery Target Settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/recovery-configuration/27.2.-recovery-target-settings.md)
- [27.3. Standby Server Settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/recovery-configuration/27.3.-standby-server-settings.md)
- [28. 監控資料庫活動](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity.md)
- [28.1. Standard Unix Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/28.1.-standard-unix-tools.md)
- [28.2. 統計資訊收集器](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/the-statistics-collector.md): 版本：11
- [28.3. Viewing Locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/28.3.-viewing-locks.md)
- [28.4. Progress Reporting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/28.4.-progress-reporting.md)
- [28.5. Dynamic Tracing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/28.5.-dynamic-tracing.md)
- [29. Monitoring Disk Usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage.md)
- [29.1. Determining Disk Usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/29.1.-determining-disk-usage.md)
- [29.2. Disk Full Failure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/29.2.-disk-full-failure.md)
- [30. 高可靠度及預寫日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/30.-gao-ke-kao-du-ji-yu-xie-ri-zhi.md)
- [30.1. Reliability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/30.-gao-ke-kao-du-ji-yu-xie-ri-zhi/30.1.-reliability.md)
- [30.2. Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/30.-gao-ke-kao-du-ji-yu-xie-ri-zhi/30.2.-write-ahead-logging-wal.md)
- [30.3. Asynchronous Commit](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/30.-gao-ke-kao-du-ji-yu-xie-ri-zhi/30.3.-asynchronous-commit.md)
- [30.4. WAL Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/30.-gao-ke-kao-du-ji-yu-xie-ri-zhi/30.4.-wal-configuration.md)
- [30.5. WAL Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/30.-gao-ke-kao-du-ji-yu-xie-ri-zhi/30.5.-wal-internals.md)
- [31. 邏輯複寫（Logical Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication.md)
- [31.1. 發佈（Publication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.1.-fa-bu-publication.md)
- [31.2. 訂閱（Subscription）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.2.-ding-yue-subscription.md)
- [31.3. 衝突處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.3.-chong-tu-chu-li.md)
- [31.4. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.4.-xian-zhi.md)
- [31.5. 架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.5.-jia-gou.md)
- [31.6. 監控](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.6.-jian-kong.md)
- [31.7. 安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.7.-an-quan-xing.md)
- [31.8. 系統設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.8.-xi-tong-she-ding.md)
- [31.9. 快速設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/31.-luo-ji-fu-xie-logical-replication/31.9.-kuai-su-she-ding.md)
- [32. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit.md)
- [32.1. What is JIT compilation?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.1.-what-is-jit-compilation.md)
- [32.2. When to JIT?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.2.-when-to-jit.md)
- [32.3. Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.3.-configuration.md)
- [32.4. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.4.-extensibility.md)
- [33. 迴歸測試](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-hui-gui-ce-shi.md)
- [33.1. Running the Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-hui-gui-ce-shi/32.1.-running-the-tests.md)
- [33.2. Test Evaluation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-hui-gui-ce-shi/32.2.-test-evaluation.md)
- [33.3. Variant Comparison Files](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-hui-gui-ce-shi/32.3.-variant-comparison-files.md)
- [33.4. TAP Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-hui-gui-ce-shi/32.4.-tap-tests.md)
- [33.5. Test Coverage Examination](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-administration/32.-hui-gui-ce-shi/32.5.-test-coverage-examination.md)
- [IV. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces.md)
- [34. libpq - C Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library.md)
- [34.1. 資料庫連線控制函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/database-connection-control-functions.md): 版本：11
- [34.2. 連線狀態函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions.md): 版本：11
- [34.3. Command Execution Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions-2.md)
- [34.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/asynchronous-command-processing.md)
- [34.5. Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/retrieving-query-results-row-by-row.md)
- [34.6. Canceling Queries in Progress](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.6.-canceling-queries-in-progress.md)
- [34.7. The Fast-Path Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.7.-the-fast-path-interface.md)
- [34.8. Asynchronous Notification](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.8.-asynchronous-notification.md)
- [34.9. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.9.-functions-associated-with-the-copy-command.md)
- [34.10. Control Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/control-functions.md)
- [34.11. Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.11.-miscellaneous-functions.md)
- [34.12. Notice Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.12.-notice-processing.md)
- [34.13. Event System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.13.-event-system.md)
- [34.14. 環境變數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/environment-variables.md): 版本：11
- [34.15. 密碼檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.15.-mi-ma-dang.md)
- [34.16. The Connection Service File](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.16.-the-connection-service-file.md)
- [34.17. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.17.-ldap-lookup-of-connection-parameters.md)
- [34.18. SSL Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.18.-ssl-support.md)
- [34.19. Behavior in Threaded Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.19.-behavior-in-threaded-programs.md)
- [34.20. Building libpq Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.20.-building-libpq-programs.md)
- [34.21. Example Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/example-programs.md)
- [35. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects.md)
- [35.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.1.-introduction.md)
- [35.2. Implementation Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.2.-implementation-features.md)
- [35.3. Client Interfaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.3.-client-interfaces.md)
- [35.4. Server-side Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.4.-server-side-functions.md)
- [35.5. Example Program](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.5.-example-program.md)
- [36. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c.md)
- [36.1. The Concept](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.1.-the-concept.md)
- [36.2. Managing Database Connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.2.-managing-database-connections.md)
- [36.3. Running SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.3.-running-sql-commands.md)
- [36.4. Using Host Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.4.-using-host-variables.md)
- [36.5. Dynamic SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.5.-dynamic-sql.md)
- [36.6. pgtypes Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.6.-pgtypes-library.md)
- [36.7. Using Descriptor Areas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.7.-using-descriptor-areas.md)
- [36.8. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.8.-error-handling.md)
- [36.9. Preprocessor Directives](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.9.-preprocessor-directives.md)
- [36.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.10.-processing-embedded-sql-programs.md)
- [36.11. Library Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.11.-library-functions.md)
- [36.12. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.12.-large-objects.md)
- [36.13. C++ Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.13.-c++-applications.md)
- [36.14. Embedded SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.14.-embedded-sql-commands.md)
- [36.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.15.-informix-compatibility-mode.md)
- [36.16. Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.16.-internals.md)
- [37. The Information Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema.md)
- [37.1. The Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/the-schema.md)
- [37.2. Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.2.-data-types.md)
- [37.3. information\_schema\_catalog\_name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.3.-information_schema_catalog_name.md)
- [37.4. administrable\_role\_authorizations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.4.-administrable_role_authorizations.md)
- [37.5. applicable\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.5.-applicable_roles.md)
- [37.6. attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.6.-attributes.md)
- [37.7. character\_sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.7.-character_sets.md)
- [37.8. check\_constraint\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.8.-check_constraint_routine_usage.md)
- [37.9. check\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.9.-check_constraints.md)
- [37.10. collations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.10.-collations.md)
- [37.11. collation\_character\_set\_applicability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.11.-collation_character_set_applicability.md)
- [37.12. column\_domain\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.12.-column_domain_usage.md)
- [37.13. column\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.13.-column_options.md)
- [37.14. column\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.14.-column_privileges.md)
- [37.15. column\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.15.-column_udt_usage.md)
- [37.16. columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.16.-columns.md)
- [37.17. constraint\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.17.-constraint_column_usage.md)
- [37.18. constraint\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.18.-constraint_table_usage.md)
- [37.19. data\_type\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.19.-data_type_privileges.md)
- [37.20. domain\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.20.-domain_constraints.md)
- [37.21. domain\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.21.-domain_udt_usage.md)
- [37.22. domains](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.22.-domains.md)
- [37.23. element\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.23.-element_types.md)
- [37.24. enabled\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.24.-enabled_roles.md)
- [37.25. foreign\_data\_wrapper\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.25.-foreign_data_wrapper_options.md)
- [37.26. foreign\_data\_wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.26.-foreign_data_wrappers.md)
- [37.27. foreign\_server\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.27.-foreign_server_options.md)
- [37.28. foreign\_servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.28.-foreign_servers.md)
- [37.29. foreign\_table\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.29.-foreign_table_options.md)
- [37.30. foreign\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.30.-foreign_tables.md)
- [37.31. key\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.31.-key_column_usage.md)
- [37.32. parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.32.-parameters.md)
- [37.33. referential\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.33.-referential_constraints.md)
- [37.34. role\_column\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.34.-role_column_grants.md)
- [37.35. role\_routine\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.35.-role_routine_grants.md)
- [37.36. role\_table\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.36.-role_table_grants.md)
- [37.37. role\_udt\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.37.-role_udt_grants.md)
- [37.38. role\_usage\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.38.-role_usage_grants.md)
- [37.39. routine\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.39.-routine_privileges.md)
- [37.40. routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.40.-routines.md)
- [37.41. schemata](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.41.-schemata.md)
- [37.42. sequences](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.42.-sequences.md)
- [37.43. sql\_features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.43.-sql_features.md)
- [37.44. sql\_implementation\_info](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.44.-sql_implementation_info.md)
- [37.45. sql\_languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.45.-sql_languages.md)
- [37.46. sql\_packages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.46.-sql_packages.md)
- [37.47. sql\_parts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.47.-sql_parts.md)
- [37.48. sql\_sizing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.48.-sql_sizing.md)
- [37.49. sql\_sizing\_profiles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.49.-sql_sizing_profiles.md)
- [37.50. table\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.50.-table_constraints.md)
- [37.51. table\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.51.-table_privileges.md)
- [37.52. tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.52.-tables.md)
- [37.53. transforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.53.-transforms.md)
- [37.54. triggered\_update\_columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.54.-triggered_update_columns.md)
- [37.55. triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.55.-triggers.md)
- [37.56. udt\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.56.-udt_privileges.md)
- [37.57. usage\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.57.-usage_privileges.md)
- [37.58. user\_defined\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.58.-user_defined_types.md)
- [37.59. user\_mapping\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.59.-user_mapping_options.md)
- [37.60. user\_mappings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.60.-user_mappings.md)
- [37.61. view\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.61.-view_column_usage.md)
- [37.62. view\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.62.-view_routine_usage.md)
- [37.63. view\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.63.-view_table_usage.md)
- [37.64. views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.64.-views.md)
- [V. 資料庫程式設計](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming.md)
- [38. SQL 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql.md): 版本：11
- [38.1. How Extensibility Works](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/37.1.-how-extensibility-works.md): 版本：11
- [38.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/37.2.-the-postgresql-type-system.md): 版本：11
- [38.3. 使用者自訂函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-functions.md): 版本：11
- [38.4. User-defined Procedures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-procedures.md): 版本：11
- [38.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/query-language-sql-functions.md): 版本：11
- [38.6. Function Overloading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/function-overloading.md): 版本：11
- [38.7. 函數易變性類別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/function-volatility-categories.md): 版本：11
- [38.8. Procedural Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/procedural-language-functions.md): 版本：11
- [38.9. Internal Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/internal-functions.md)
- [38.10. C-Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/c-language-functions.md): 版本：11
- [38.11. User-defined Aggregates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-aggregates.md): 版本：11
- [38.12. User-defined Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-types.md): 版本：11
- [38.13. User-defined Operators](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-operators.md): 版本：11
- [38.14. Operator Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/operator-optimization-information.md): 版本：11
- [38.15. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/interfacing-extensions-to-indexes.md): 版本：11
- [38.16. Packaging Related Objects into an Extension](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/packaging-related-objects-into-an-extension.md): 版本：11
- [38.17. Extension Building Infrastructure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/extending-sql/extension-building-infrastructure.md): 版本：11
- [39. Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/triggers.md)
- [40. Event Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/40.-event-triggers.md)
- [41. 規則系統](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system.md)
- [41.1. The Query Tree](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system/the-query-tree.md)
- [41.2. Views and the Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system/views-and-the-rule-system.md)
- [41.3. Materialized Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system/materialized-views.md)
- [41.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-on-insert-update-and-delete.md)
- [41.5. 規則及權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-privileges.md)
- [41.6. Rules and Command Status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-command-status.md)
- [41.7. Rules Versus Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-versus-triggers.md)
- [42. Procedural Languages（程序語言）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/procedural-languages.md)
- [42.1. Installing Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/procedural-languages/installing-procedural-languages.md)
- [43. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language.md)
- [43.5. 基本語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/basic-statements.md): 版本：11
- [44. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/pl-tcl-tcl-procedural-language.md)
- [45. PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/pl-perl-perl-procedural-language.md)
- [46. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language.md)
- [47. Server Programming Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/server-programming-interface.md)
- [48. Background Worker Processes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/47.-background-worker-processes.md)
- [49. Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/48.-logical-decoding.md)
- [50. Replication Progress Tracking](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/server-programming/replication-progress-tracking.md)
- [VI. 參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference.md)
- [I. SQL 指令](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands.md)
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-database.md)
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-default-privileges.md)
- [ALTER EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-extension.md)
- [ALTER FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-function.md)
- [ALTER INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-index.md)
- [ALTER LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-language.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-materialized-view.md)
- [ALTER POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-policy.md)
- [ALTER PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-publication.md)
- [ALTER ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-role.md)
- [ALTER RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-rule.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-schema.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-sequence.md)
- [ALTER STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-subscription.md)
- [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-table.md)
- [ALTER TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-tablespace.md)
- [ALTER TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-trigger.md)
- [ALTER TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-type.md)
- [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/alter-view.md)
- [ANALYZE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/analyze.md)
- [CLUSTER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/cluster.md)
- [COMMENT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/comment.md)
- [COPY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/copy.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE CAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-cast.md)
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-database.md)
- [CREATE EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-extension.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-table.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-function.md)
- [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-index.md)
- [CREATE LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-language.md)
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-materialized-view.md)
- [CREATE DOMAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-domain.md)
- [CREATE POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-policy.md)
- [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-procedure.md)
- [CREATE PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-publication.md)
- [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-role.md)
- [CREATE RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-rule.md)
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-schema.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SERVER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-server.md)
- [CREATE STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-subscription.md)
- [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-table.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TABLE AS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-table-as.md)
- [CREATE TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-tablespace.md)
- [CREATE TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-transform.md)
- [CREATE TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-trigger.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-type.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-user.md)
- [CREATE USER MAPPING](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-user-mapping.md)
- [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/create-view.md)
- [DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/delete.md)
- [DO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/do.md): 版本：11
- [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-database.md)
- [DROP EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-extension.md)
- [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-function.md)
- [DROP INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-index.md)
- [DROP LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-language.md): 版本：11
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-materialized-view.md)
- [DROP OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-owned.md)
- [DROP POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-policy.md)
- [DROP ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-role.md)
- [DROP RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-rule.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-schema.md)
- [DROP SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-sequence.md)
- [DROP STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-subscription.md)
- [DROP TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-table.md)
- [DROP TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-tablespace.md)
- [DROP TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-transform.md)
- [DROP TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-trigger.md)
- [DROP TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-type.md)
- [DROP USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-user.md)
- [DROP VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/drop-view.md)
- [EXECUTE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/execute.md)
- [EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/explain.md)
- [GRANT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/grant.md)
- [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/import-foreign-schema.md)
- [INSERT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/insert.md)
- [LISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/listen.md)
- [LOAD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/load.md)
- [NOTIFY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/notify.md)
- [PREPARE TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/prepare-transaction.md)
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/reassign-owned.md)
- [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/refresh-materialized-view.md)
- [REINDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/reindex.md)
- [RESET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/reset.md)
- [REVOKE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/revoke.md)
- [SELECT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/select.md): 版本：11
- [SELECT INTO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/select-into.md)
- [SET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/set.md)
- [SET CONSTRAINTS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/set-constraints.md)
- [SET ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/set-role.md)
- [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/set-session-authorization.md)
- [SET TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/set-transaction.md)
- [SHOW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/show.md)
- [TRUNCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/truncate.md)
- [UNLISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/unlisten.md)
- [UPDATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/update.md)
- [VACUUM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/vacuum.md)
- [VALUES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/sql-commands/values.md)
- [II. PostgreSQL 用戶端工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications.md)
- [createdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/createdb.md)
- [createuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/createuser.md)
- [dropdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/dropdb.md)
- [dropuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/dropuser.md)
- [pgbench](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/pgbench.md)
- [pg\_dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/pg_dump.md)
- [psql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/psql.md)
- [vacuumdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/client-applications/vacuumdb.md)
- [III. PostgreSQL 伺服器應用程式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/server-applications.md)
- [pg\_test\_timing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/server-applications/pg_test_timing.md)
- [postgres](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/reference/server-applications/postgres.md)
- [VII. 資料庫進階](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals.md)
- [52. 系統目錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs.md)
- [52.3. pg\_am](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_am.md)
- [52.7. pg\_attribute](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_attribute.md)
- [52.8. pg\_authid](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_authid.md)
- [52.9. pg\_auth\_members](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_auth_members.md)
- [52.11 pg\_class](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_class.md): 版本：11
- [52.12. pg\_collation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_collation.md)
- [52.13. pg\_constraint](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_constraint.md)
- [52.15 pg\_database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/51.15-pg_database.md)
- [52.26 pg\_index](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_index.md)
- [52.29. pg\_language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_language.md): 版本：11
- [52.32. pg\_namespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_namespace.md): 版本：11
- [52.33. pg\_opclass](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_opclass.md)
- [52.38. pg\_policy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_policy.md)
- [52.39. pg\_proc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_proc.md): 版本：11
- [52.44. pg\_rewrite](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/51.44.-pg_rewrite.md)
- [52.50. pg\_statistic](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/51.50.-pg_statistic.md)
- [52.51. pg\_statistic\_ext](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic_ext.md): 版本：11
- [52.54. pg\_tablespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/51.54.-pg_tablespace.md)
- [52.56. pg\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/51.56.-pg_trigger.md)
- [52.62. pg\_type](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_type.md)
- [52.79. pg\_replication\_origin\_status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/51.79.-pg_replication_origin_status.md)
- [52.81 pg\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_roles.md)
- [52.85. pg\_settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_settings.md)
- [52.87. pg\_stats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/system-catalogs/pg_stats.md)
- [53. Frontend/Backend Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol.md)
- [53.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.1.-overview.md)
- [53.2. Message Flow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.2.-message-flow.md)
- [53.3. SASL Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.3.-sasl-authentication.md)
- [53.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.4.-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [53.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.5.-logical-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [53.6. Message Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.6.-message-data-types.md)
- [53.7. Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.7.-message-formats.md)
- [53.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.8.-error-and-notice-message-fields.md)
- [53.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.9.-logical-replication-message-formats.md)
- [53.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.10.-summary-of-changes-since-protocol-2.0.md)
- [54. PostgreSQL 程式撰寫慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions.md): 版本：11
- [54.1. Formatting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.1.-formatting.md): 版本：11
- [54.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.2.-reporting-errors-within-the-server.md): 版本：11
- [54.3. Error Message Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.3.-error-message-style-guide.md): 版本：11
- [54.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.4.-miscellaneous-coding-conventions.md): 版本：11
- [56. Writing A Procedural Language Handler](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/writing-a-procedural-language-handler.md)
- [64. GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gist-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [65. SP-GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/sp-gist-indexes.md)
- [65.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/sp-gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [65.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/sp-gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [65.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/sp-gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [65.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/sp-gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [65.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/sp-gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [66. GIN 索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes.md)
- [66.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes/64.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [66.2. 內建運算子類](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes/64.2.-built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [66.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes/64.3.-extensibility.md)
- [66.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes/implementation.md)
- [66.5. GIN Tips and Tricks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes/gin-tips-and-tricks.md)
- [66.6. Limitations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes/64.6.-limitations.md)
- [66.7. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/gin-indexes/64.7.-examples.md)
- [67. BRIN Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/brin.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/brin/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/brin/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/brin/65.3.-extensibility.md)
- [68. 資料庫實體儲存格式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/database-physical-storage.md)
- [68.2. TOAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/database-physical-storage/toast.md): 版本：11
- [68.4 可視性映射表（Visibility Map）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/database-physical-storage/visibility-map.md)
- [70. How the Planner Uses Statistics](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/68.-how-the-planner-uses-statistics.md)
- [70.2. Multivariate Statistics Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/internals/68.-how-the-planner-uses-statistics/multivariate-statistics-examples.md): 版本：11
- [VIII. 附錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes.md)
- [A. PostgreSQL錯誤代碼](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/postgresql-error-codes.md)
- [B. 日期時間格式支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/date-time-support.md)
- [B.1. 日期時間解譯流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/date-time-support/b.1.-ri-qi-shi-jian-jie-yi-liu-cheng.md)
- [B.2. 日期時間慣用字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-ri-qi-shi-jian-guan-yong-zi.md)
- [B.3. 日期時間設定檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/date-time-support/configuration.md)
- [B.4. 日期時間的沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/date-time-support/b.4.-ri-qi-shi-jian-de-yan-ge.md)
- [C. SQL 關鍵字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/c.-sql-guan-jian-zi.md)
- [D. SQL 相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [E. 版本資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/e.-ban-ben-zi-xun.md)
- [F. 延伸支援模組](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules.md)
- [F.4. auto\_explain](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auto_explain.md)
- [F.11. dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink.md)
- [dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink.md)
- [F.33. pg\_visibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_visibility.md)
- [G. Additional Supplied Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs.md)
- [G.1. Client Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.1.-client-applications.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.1.-client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [vacuumlo](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.1.-client-applications/vacuumlo.md)
- [G.2. Server Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.2.-server-applications.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.2.-server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [H. 外部專案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an.md)
- [H.1. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.1.-yong-hu-duan-jie-mian.md)
- [H.2. Administration Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.2.-administration-tools.md)
- [H.3. Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.3.-procedural-languages.md)
- [H.4. Extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.4.-extensions.md)
- [I. The Source Code Repository](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/i.-the-source-code-repository.md)
- [I.1. Getting The Source via Git](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/i.-the-source-code-repository/i.1.-getting-the-source-via-git.md)
- [J. 文件取得](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/j.-wen-jian-qu-de.md)
- [K. 縮寫字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/appendixes/k.-suo-xie-zi.md)
- [參考書目](https://docs.postgresql.tw/11/can-kao-shu-mu.md)

## 12

- [簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/master.md): 本使用手冊由台灣 PostgreSQL 社群提供，翻譯自 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，以推廣 PostgreSQL 於台灣的應用。
- [前言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/preface.md)
- [1. 什麼是 PostgreSQL？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/preface/01_intro-whatis.md)
- [2. PostgreSQL 沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/preface/02_history.md)
- [3. 慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/preface/03_notation.md)
- [4. 其他參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/preface/04_resources.md)
- [5. 問題回報指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/preface/05_bug-reporting.md)
- [I. 新手教學](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial.md)
- [1. 入門指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/getting-started.md)
- [1.1. 安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/getting-started/installation.md)
- [1.2. 基礎架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/getting-started/architectural-fundamentals.md)
- [1.3. 建立一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/getting-started/creating-a-database.md)
- [1.4. 存取一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/getting-started/accessing-a-database.md)
- [2. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language.md)
- [2.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/introduction.md)
- [2.2. 概念](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/concepts.md)
- [2.3. 創建一個新的資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/creating-a-new-table.md)
- [2.4. 資料列是資料表的組成單位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/populating-a-table-with-rows.md)
- [2.5. 資料表的查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/querying-a-table.md)
- [2.6. 交叉查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/joins-between-tables.md)
- [2.7. 彙總查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/aggregate-functions.md)
- [2.8. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/updates.md)
- [2.9. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/the-sql-language/deletions.md)
- [3. 先進功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features.md)
- [3.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features/introduction.md)
- [3.2. 檢視表（View）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features/views.md)
- [3.3. 外部索引鍵](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features/foreign-keys.md)
- [3.4. 交易安全](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features/transactions.md)
- [3.5. 窗函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features/3.5.-chuang-han-shu.md)
- [3.6. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features/inheritance.md)
- [3.7. 結論](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/tutorial/advanced-features/conclusion.md)
- [II. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language.md)
- [4. SQL 語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/sql-syntax.md)
- [4.1. 語法結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/lexical-structure.md)
- [4.2. 參數表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/value-expressions.md)
- [4.3. 函數呼叫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/4.3.-han-shu-hu-jiao.md)
- [5. 定義資料結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl.md)
- [5.1. 認識資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/table-basics.md)
- [5.2. 預設值](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/default-values.md)
- [5.3. Generated Columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/generated-columns.md)
- [5.4. 限制條件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/constraints.md)
- [5.5. 系統欄位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/system-columns.md)
- [5.6. 表格變更](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/modifying-tables.md)
- [5.7. 權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/privileges.md)
- [5.8. 資料列安全原則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/row-security-policies.md)
- [5.9. Schemas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/schemas.md)
- [5.10. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/inheritance.md)
- [5.11. 分割資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/table-partitioning.md)
- [5.12. 外部資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/foreign-data.md)
- [5.13. 其他資料庫物件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/other-database-objects.md)
- [5.14. 相依性追蹤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/ddl/dependency-tracking.md)
- [6. 資料處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-manipulation.md)
- [6.1. 新增資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.1.-xin-zeng-zi-liao.md)
- [6.2. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.2.-geng-xin-zi-liao.md)
- [6.3. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.3.-shan-chu-zi-liao.md)
- [6.4. 修改並回傳資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/returning-data-from-modified-rows.md)
- [7. 資料查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries.md)
- [7.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/7.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [7.2. 資料表表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/7.2.-zi-liao-biao-biao-shi-shi.md)
- [7.3. 取得資料列表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/7.3.-qu-de-zi-liao-lie-biao.md)
- [7.4. 合併查詢結果](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/7.4.-he-bing-cha-xun-jie-guo.md)
- [7.5. 資料排序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/7.5.-zi-liao-pai-xu.md)
- [7.6. 指定資料範圍](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/7.6.-zhi-ding-zi-liao-fan-wei.md)
- [7.7. 列舉資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/7.7.-lie-ju-zi-liao.md)
- [7.8. WITH Querys（Common Table Expressions）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/queries/with-queries.md)
- [8. 資料型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types.md)
- [8.1. 數字型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/numeric-types.md)
- [8.2. 貨幣型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/monetary-types.md)
- [8.3. 字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/character-types.md)
- [8.4. 位元組型別（bytea）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/binary.md)
- [8.5. 日期時間型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/date-time.md)
- [8.6. 布林型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/boolean-type.md)
- [8.7. 列舉型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/enumerated-types.md)
- [8.8. 地理資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/geometric-types.md)
- [8.9. 網路資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/network-address-types.md)
- [8.10. 位元字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/bit-string-types.md)
- [8.11. 全文檢索型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/text-search-types.md)
- [8.12. UUID 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/uuid-type.md)
- [8.13. XML 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/xml-type.md)
- [8.14. JSON 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/json-types.md)
- [8.15. 陣列](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/arrays.md)
- [8.16. 複合型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/composite-types.md)
- [8.17. 範圍型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/range-types.md): 版本：11
- [8.18. Domain Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/domain-types.md)
- [8.19. 物件指標型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/object-identifier-types.md)
- [8.20. pg\_lsn 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/pg_lsn-type.md)
- [8.21. 概念型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/data-types/pseudo-types.md)
- [9. 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.1. 邏輯運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/logical-operators.md)
- [9.2. 比較函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/comparison-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.3. 數學函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/mathematical-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.4. 字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.5. 位元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/binary-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.6. 二元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/bit-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.7. 特徵比對](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/pattern-matching.md)
- [9.8. 型別轉換函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/data-type-formatting-functions.md)
- [9.9 日期時間函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/date-time-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.10. 列舉型別函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/enum-support-functions.md)
- [9.11. 地理資訊函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/geometric-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.12. 網路位址函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/network-address-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.13. 文字檢索函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/text-search-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.14. XML 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/xml.md)
- [9.15. JSON 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/json-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.16. 序列函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/sequence-manipulation-functions.md)
- [9.17. 條件表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/conditional-expressions.md)
- [9.18. 陣列函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/array-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.19. 範圍函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/range-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.20. 彙總函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/aggregate-functions.md): 版本：11
- [9.21. Window 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/window-functions.md)
- [9.22. 子查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/subquery-expressions.md)
- [9.23. 資料列與陣列的比較運算](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/row-and-array-comparisons.md)
- [9.24. 集合回傳函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/set-returning-functions.md)
- [9.25. 系統資訊函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-information-functions.md)
- [9.26. 系統管理函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-administration.md)
- [9.27. 觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/trigger-functions.md)
- [9.28. 事件觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/event-trigger-functions.md)
- [9.29. Statistics Information Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/statistics-information-functions.md)
- [10. 型別轉換](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/type-conversion.md)
- [10.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [10.2. 運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.2.-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [10.3. 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.3.-han-shi.md)
- [10.4. 資料儲存轉換規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/type-conversion/value-storage.md): 版本：11
- [10.5. UNION、CASE 等相關結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/type-conversion/union-case-and-related-constructs.md)
- [10.6. SELECT 輸出規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.6.-select-shu-chu-gui-ze.md)
- [11. 索引（Index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index.md)
- [11.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/introduction.md)
- [11.2. 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/index-types.md)
- [11.3. 多欄位索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/multicolumn-indexes.md)
- [11.4. 索引與 ORDER BY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-order-by.md)
- [11.5. 善用多個索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/combining-multiple-indexes.md)
- [11.6. 唯一值索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/unique-indexes.md)
- [11.7. 表示式索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/indexes-on-expressions.md)
- [11.8. 部份索引（partial index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/partial-indexes.md)
- [11.9. 運算子物件及家族](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/operator-classes-and-operator-families.md)
- [11.10. 索引與排序規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-collations.md)
- [11.11. 索引限定查詢（Index-only scan）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/index-only-scans.md)
- [11.12. 檢查索引運用](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/index/examining-index-usage.md)
- [12. 全文檢索](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo.md)
- [12.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [12.2. 查詢與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.2.-cha-xun-yu-suo-yin.md)
- [12.3. 細部控制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.3.-xi-bu-kong-zhi.md)
- [12.4. 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.4.-yan-shen-gong-neng.md)
- [12.5. 斷詞](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.5.-duan-ci.md)
- [12.6. 字典](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.6.-zi-dian.md)
- [12.7. 組態範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.7.-zu-tai-fan-li.md)
- [12.8. 測試與除錯](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.8.-ce-shi-yu-chu-cuo.md)
- [12.9. GIN 及 GiST 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.9.-gin-ji-gist-suo-yin-xing-bie.md)
- [12.10. psql支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.10.-psql-zhi-yuan.md)
- [12.11. 功能限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.11.-gong-neng-xian-zhi.md)
- [13. 一致性管理（MVCC）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/concurrency-control.md)
- [13.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/introduction.md)
- [13.2. 交易隔離](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/transaction-isolation.md)
- [13.3. 鎖定模式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/explicit-locking.md)
- [13.4. 在應用端檢視資料一致性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/data-consistency-checks-at-the-application-level.md)
- [13.5. 特別注意](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/caveats.md)
- [13.6. 鎖定與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/locking-and-indexes.md)
- [14. 效能技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/performance-tips.md)
- [14.1. 善用 EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/performance-tips/using-explain.md)
- [14.2. 統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/performance-tips/statistics-used-by-the-planner.md)
- [14.3. 使用確切的 JOIN 方式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/performance-tips/controlling-the-planner-with-explicit-join-clauses.md)
- [14.4. 快速建立資料庫內容](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/performance-tips/populating-a-database.md)
- [14.5. 風險性彈性設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/performance-tips/non-durable-settings.md)
- [15. 平行查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/parallel-query.md)
- [15.1. 如何運作？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/parallel-query/how-parallel-query-works.md)
- [15.2. 啓用時機？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/parallel-query/when-can-parallel-query-be-used.md)
- [15.3. 平行查詢計畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-plans.md)
- [15.4. 平行查詢的安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-safety.md)
- [III. 系統管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration.md)
- [16. 用原始碼安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code.md)
- [16.1. Short Version](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/short-version.md)
- [16.2. Requirements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/requirements.md)
- [16.3. Getting The Source](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/getting-the-source.md)
- [16.4. 安裝流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/installation-procedure.md)
- [16.5. Post-Installation Setup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/post-installation-setup.md)
- [16.6. Supported Platforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/supported-platforms.md)
- [16.7. 平台相關的注意事項](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/platform-specific-notes.md)
- [17. 用原始碼在 Windows 上安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows.md)
- [17.1. Building with Visual C++ or the Microsoft Windows SDK](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows/17.1.-building-with-visual-c++-or-the-microsoft-windows-sdk.md)
- [18. 服務配置與維運](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation.md)
- [18.1. PostgreSQL 使用者帳號](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.1.-postgresql-shi-yong-zhe-zhang-hao.md)
- [18.2. Creating a Database Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/creating-a-database-cluster.md)
- [18.3. Starting the Database Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/starting-the-database-server.md)
- [18.4. 核心資源管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/managing-kernel-resources.md)
- [18.5. Shutting Down the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/shutting-down-the-server.md)
- [18.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.6.-upgrading-a-postgresql-cluster.md)
- [18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/preventing-server-spoofing.md)
- [18.8. Encryption Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/encryption-options.md)
- [18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssl.md)
- [18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-gssapi-encryption.md)
- [18.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssh-tunnels.md)
- [18.12. 在 Windows 註冊事件日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.11.-zai-windows-zhu-ce-shi-jian-ri-zhi.md)
- [19. 服務組態設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration.md)
- [19.1. Setting Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/setting-parameters.md)
- [19.2. File Locations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/file-locations.md)
- [19.3. 連線與認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/connections-and-authentication.md)
- [19.4. 資源配置](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/resource-consumption.md)
- [19.5. Write Ahead Log](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/write-ahead-log.md)
- [19.6. 複寫（Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/replication.md): 版本：11
- [19.7. 查詢規畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/query-planning.md)
- [19.8. 錯誤回報與日誌記錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/error-reporting-and-logging.md)
- [19.9. 執行階段統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/run-time-statistics.md)
- [19.10. 自動資料庫清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/automatic-vacuuming.md)
- [19.11. 用戶端連線預設參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/client-connection-defaults.md)
- [19.12. 交易鎖定管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/19.12.-jiao-yi-suo-ding-guan-li.md)
- [19.13. 版本與平台的相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/19.13.-ban-ben-yu-ping-tai-de-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [19.14. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/error-handling.md)
- [19.15. 預先配置的參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/19.15.-yu-xian-pei-zhi-de-can-shu.md)
- [19.16. Customized Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/customized-options.md)
- [19.17. Developer Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/developer-options.md)
- [19.18. Short Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/server-configuration/short-options.md)
- [20. 使用者認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication.md)
- [20.1. 設定檔：pg\_hba.conf](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication/the-pg_hba.conf-file.md)
- [20.2. User Name Maps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication/user-name-maps.md)
- [20.3. Authentication Methods](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-methods.md)
- [20.4. Authentication Problems](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-problems.md)
- [20.5. Password Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication/password-authentication.md)
- [20.12. Certificate Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication/certificate-authentication.md)
- [20.13. PAM Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/client-authentication/pam-authentication.md)
- [21. 資料庫角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/database-roles.md)
- [21.1. Database Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/database-roles/database-roles.md)
- [21.2. Role Attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/database-roles/role-attributes.md)
- [21.3. Role Membership](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/database-roles/role-membership.md)
- [21.4. 移除角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/database-roles/dropping-roles.md)
- [21.5. Default Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/database-roles/21.5.-default-roles.md)
- [21.6. Function Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/database-roles/function-security.md)
- [22. Managing Databases](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/managing-databases.md)
- [22.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/managing-databases/22.1.-overview.md)
- [22.2. Creating a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/managing-databases/22.2.-creating-a-database.md)
- [22.3. 樣版資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/managing-databases/template-databases.md): 版本：11
- [22.4. Database Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/managing-databases/22.4.-database-configuration.md)
- [22.5. Destroying a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/managing-databases/22.5.-destroying-a-database.md)
- [22.6. Tablespaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/managing-databases/22.6.-tablespaces.md)
- [23. 語系](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/localization.md)
- [23.1. 語系支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/localization/locale-support.md): 版本：11
- [23.2. Collation Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/localization/collation-support.md)
- [23.3. 字元集支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/localization/character-set-support.md)
- [24. 例行性資料庫維護工作](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks.md)
- [24.1. 例行性資料清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-vacuuming.md)
- [24.2. 定期重建索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-reindexing.md)
- [24.3. Log File Maintenance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/24.3.-log-file-maintenance.md)
- [25. 備份及還原](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan.md)
- [25.1. SQL Dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan/25.1.-sql-dump.md)
- [25.2. 檔案系統層級備份](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan/file-system-level-backup.md)
- [25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/25.-bei-fen-ji-huan-yuan/25.3.-continuous-archiving-and-point-in-time-recovery-pitr.md)
- [26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication.md)
- [26.1. Comparison of Different Solutions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.1.-comparison-of-different-solutions.md)
- [26.2. 日誌轉送備用伺服器 Log-Shipping Standby Servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/log-shipping-standby-servers.md)
- [26.3. Failover](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.3.-failover.md)
- [26.4. Alternative Method for Log Shipping](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.4.-alternative-method-for-log-shipping.md)
- [26.5. Hot Standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.5.-hot-standby.md)
- [27. 監控資料庫活動](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity.md)
- [27.1. Standard Unix Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/standard-unix-tools.md)
- [27.2. 統計資訊收集器](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/the-statistics-collector.md): 版本：11
- [27.3. Viewing Locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/viewing-locks.md)
- [27.4. Progress Reporting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/progress-reporting.md)
- [27.5. Dynamic Tracing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/dynamic-tracing.md)
- [28. 監控磁碟使用情況](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage.md)
- [28.1. 瞭解磁碟使用情形](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/determining-disk-usage.md)
- [28.2. 磁碟空間不足錯誤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/disk-full-failure.md)
- [29. 高可靠度及預寫日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log.md)
- [29.1. 可靠度](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/reliability.md)
- [29.2. Write-Ahead Logging（WAL）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/write-ahead-logging-wal.md)
- [29.3. Asynchronous Commit](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/asynchronous-commit.md)
- [29.4. WAL Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-configuration.md)
- [29.5. WAL Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-internals.md)
- [30. 邏輯複寫（Logical Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication.md)
- [30.1. 發佈（Publication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.1.-fa-bu-publication.md)
- [30.2. 訂閱（Subscription）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.2.-ding-yue-subscription.md)
- [30.3. 衝突處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.3.-chong-tu-chu-li.md)
- [30.4. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.4.-xian-zhi.md)
- [30.5. 架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.5.-jia-gou.md)
- [30.6. 監控](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.6.-jian-kong.md)
- [30.7. 安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.7.-an-quan-xing.md)
- [30.8. 系統設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.8.-xi-tong-she-ding.md)
- [30.9. 快速設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/logical-replication/31.9.-kuai-su-she-ding.md)
- [31. Just-in-Time Compilation（JIT）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit.md)
- [31.1. What is JIT compilation?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.1.-what-is-jit-compilation.md)
- [31.2. When to JIT?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.2.-when-to-jit.md)
- [31.3. Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.3.-configuration.md)
- [31.4. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/32.-just-in-time-compilation-jit/32.4.-extensibility.md)
- [32. 迴歸測試](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/regression-tests.md)
- [32.1. Running the Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/regression-tests/32.1.-running-the-tests.md)
- [32.2. Test Evaluation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/regression-tests/32.2.-test-evaluation.md)
- [32.3. Variant Comparison Files](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/regression-tests/32.3.-variant-comparison-files.md)
- [32.4. TAP Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/regression-tests/32.4.-tap-tests.md)
- [32.5. Test Coverage Examination](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-administration/regression-tests/32.5.-test-coverage-examination.md)
- [IV. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces.md)
- [33. libpq - C Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library.md)
- [33.1. 資料庫連線控制函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/database-connection-control-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.2. 連線狀態函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.3. Command Execution Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions-2.md)
- [33.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/asynchronous-command-processing.md)
- [33.5. Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/retrieving-query-results-row-by-row.md)
- [33.6. Canceling Queries in Progress](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.6.-canceling-queries-in-progress.md)
- [33.7. The Fast-Path Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.7.-the-fast-path-interface.md)
- [33.8. Asynchronous Notification](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.8.-asynchronous-notification.md)
- [33.9. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.9.-functions-associated-with-the-copy-command.md)
- [33.10. Control Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/control-functions.md)
- [33.11. Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.11.-miscellaneous-functions.md)
- [33.12. Notice Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.12.-notice-processing.md)
- [33.13. Event System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.13.-event-system.md)
- [33.14. 環境變數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/environment-variables.md): 版本：11
- [33.15. 密碼檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.15.-mi-ma-dang.md)
- [33.16. The Connection Service File](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.16.-the-connection-service-file.md)
- [33.17. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.17.-ldap-lookup-of-connection-parameters.md)
- [33.18. SSL Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.18.-ssl-support.md)
- [33.19. Behavior in Threaded Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.19.-behavior-in-threaded-programs.md)
- [33.20. Building libpq Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.20.-building-libpq-programs.md)
- [33.21. Example Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/example-programs.md)
- [34. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects.md)
- [35.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.1.-introduction.md)
- [35.2. Implementation Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.2.-implementation-features.md)
- [35.3. Client Interfaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.3.-client-interfaces.md)
- [35.4. Server-side Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.4.-server-side-functions.md)
- [35.5. Example Program](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.5.-example-program.md)
- [35. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c.md)
- [36.1. The Concept](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.1.-the-concept.md)
- [36.2. Managing Database Connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.2.-managing-database-connections.md)
- [36.3. Running SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.3.-running-sql-commands.md)
- [36.4. Using Host Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.4.-using-host-variables.md)
- [36.5. Dynamic SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.5.-dynamic-sql.md)
- [36.6. pgtypes Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.6.-pgtypes-library.md)
- [36.7. Using Descriptor Areas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.7.-using-descriptor-areas.md)
- [36.8. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.8.-error-handling.md)
- [36.9. Preprocessor Directives](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.9.-preprocessor-directives.md)
- [36.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.10.-processing-embedded-sql-programs.md)
- [36.11. Library Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.11.-library-functions.md)
- [36.12. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.12.-large-objects.md)
- [36.13. C++ Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.13.-c++-applications.md)
- [36.14. Embedded SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.14.-embedded-sql-commands.md)
- [36.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.15.-informix-compatibility-mode.md)
- [36.16. Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.16.-internals.md)
- [36. The Information Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema.md)
- [36.1. The Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/the-schema.md)
- [36.2. Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.2.-data-types.md)
- [36.3. information\_schema\_catalog\_name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.3.-information_schema_catalog_name.md)
- [36.4. administrable\_role\_authorizations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.4.-administrable_role_authorizations.md)
- [36.5. applicable\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.5.-applicable_roles.md)
- [36.6. attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.6.-attributes.md)
- [36.7. character\_sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.7.-character_sets.md)
- [36.8. check\_constraint\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.8.-check_constraint_routine_usage.md)
- [36.9. check\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.9.-check_constraints.md)
- [36.10. collations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.10.-collations.md)
- [36.11. collation\_character\_set\_applicability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.11.-collation_character_set_applicability.md)
- [36.12. column\_domain\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.12.-column_domain_usage.md)
- [36.13. column\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.13.-column_options.md)
- [36.14. column\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.14.-column_privileges.md)
- [36.15. column\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.15.-column_udt_usage.md)
- [36.17. columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.16.-columns.md)
- [36.18. constraint\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_column_usage.md)
- [37.18. constraint\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.18.-constraint_table_usage.md)
- [37.19. data\_type\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.19.-data_type_privileges.md)
- [37.20. domain\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.20.-domain_constraints.md)
- [37.21. domain\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.21.-domain_udt_usage.md)
- [37.22. domains](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.22.-domains.md)
- [37.23. element\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.23.-element_types.md)
- [37.24. enabled\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.24.-enabled_roles.md)
- [37.25. foreign\_data\_wrapper\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.25.-foreign_data_wrapper_options.md)
- [37.26. foreign\_data\_wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.26.-foreign_data_wrappers.md)
- [37.27. foreign\_server\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.27.-foreign_server_options.md)
- [37.28. foreign\_servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.28.-foreign_servers.md)
- [37.29. foreign\_table\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.29.-foreign_table_options.md)
- [37.30. foreign\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.30.-foreign_tables.md)
- [36.32. key\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/key_column_usage.md)
- [37.32. parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.32.-parameters.md)
- [36.34. referential\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/referential_constraints.md)
- [37.34. role\_column\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.34.-role_column_grants.md)
- [37.35. role\_routine\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.35.-role_routine_grants.md)
- [37.36. role\_table\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.36.-role_table_grants.md)
- [37.37. role\_udt\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.37.-role_udt_grants.md)
- [37.38. role\_usage\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.38.-role_usage_grants.md)
- [37.39. routine\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.39.-routine_privileges.md)
- [37.40. routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.40.-routines.md)
- [36.42. schemata](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/schemata.md)
- [37.42. sequences](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.42.-sequences.md)
- [37.43. sql\_features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.43.-sql_features.md)
- [37.44. sql\_implementation\_info](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.44.-sql_implementation_info.md)
- [37.45. sql\_languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.45.-sql_languages.md)
- [37.46. sql\_packages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.46.-sql_packages.md)
- [37.47. sql\_parts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.47.-sql_parts.md)
- [37.48. sql\_sizing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.48.-sql_sizing.md)
- [37.49. sql\_sizing\_profiles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.49.-sql_sizing_profiles.md)
- [36.51. table\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/table_constraints.md)
- [37.51. table\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.51.-table_privileges.md)
- [37.52. tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.52.-tables.md)
- [37.53. transforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.53.-transforms.md)
- [37.54. triggered\_update\_columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.54.-triggered_update_columns.md)
- [37.55. triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.55.-triggers.md)
- [37.56. udt\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.56.-udt_privileges.md)
- [37.57. usage\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.57.-usage_privileges.md)
- [37.58. user\_defined\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.58.-user_defined_types.md)
- [37.59. user\_mapping\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.59.-user_mapping_options.md)
- [37.60. user\_mappings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.60.-user_mappings.md)
- [37.61. view\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.61.-view_column_usage.md)
- [37.62. view\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.62.-view_routine_usage.md)
- [37.63. view\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.63.-view_table_usage.md)
- [37.64. views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.64.-views.md)
- [V. 資料庫程式設計](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming.md)
- [37. SQL 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql.md)
- [37.1. How Extensibility Works](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/37.1.-how-extensibility-works.md)
- [37.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/37.2.-the-postgresql-type-system.md)
- [37.3. 使用者自訂函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-functions.md): 版本：11
- [37.4. User-defined Procedures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-procedures.md)
- [37.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/query-language-sql-functions.md): 版本：11
- [37.6. Function Overloading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/function-overloading.md): 版本：11
- [37.7. 函數易變性類別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/function-volatility-categories.md): 版本：11
- [37.8. Procedural Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/procedural-language-functions.md)
- [37.9. Internal Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/internal-functions.md)
- [37.10. C-Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/c-language-functions.md)
- [37.11. Function Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/function-optimization-information.md)
- [37.12. User-defined Aggregates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-aggregates.md): 版本：11
- [37.13. User-defined Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-types.md): 版本：11
- [37.14. User-defined Operators](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-operators.md): 版本：11
- [37.15. Operator Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/operator-optimization-information.md): 版本：11
- [37.16. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/interfacing-extensions-to-indexes.md): 版本：11
- [37.17. 封裝相關物件到延伸功能中](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/packaging-related-objects-into-an-extension.md): 版本：11
- [37.18. Extension Building Infrastructure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/extending-sql/extension-building-infrastructure.md): 版本：11
- [38. Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/triggers.md)
- [39. Event Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/40.-event-triggers.md)
- [40. 規則系統](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system.md)
- [40.1. The Query Tree](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system/the-query-tree.md)
- [40.2. Views and the Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system/views-and-the-rule-system.md)
- [40.3. Materialized Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system/materialized-views.md)
- [40.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-on-insert-update-and-delete.md)
- [40.5. 規則及權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-privileges.md)
- [40.6. Rules and Command Status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-command-status.md)
- [40.7. Rules Versus Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-versus-triggers.md)
- [41. Procedural Languages（程序語言）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/procedural-languages.md)
- [41.1. Installing Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/procedural-languages/installing-procedural-languages.md)
- [41.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/procedural-languages/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [41.5. Basic Statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/procedural-languages/42.5.-basic-statements.md)
- [41.11. 深入了解 PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/procedural-languages/pl-pgsql-under-the-hood.md)
- [43. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language.md)
- [43.5. 基本語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/basic-statements.md): 版本：11
- [44. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-tcl-tcl-procedural-language.md)
- [45. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1.md)
- [45.1. Python 2 vs. Python 3](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/python-2-vs.-python-3.md)
- [45.2. PL/Python Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/pl-python-functions.md)
- [45.3. Data Values](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/data-values.md)
- [45.4. Sharing Data](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/sharing-data.md)
- [45.5. Anonymous Code Blocks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/anonymous-code-blocks.md)
- [45.6. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/trigger-functions.md)
- [45.7. Database Access](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/database-access.md)
- [45.8. Explicit Subtransactions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/explicit-subtransactions.md)
- [45.9. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/transaction-management.md)
- [45.10. Utility Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/utility-functions.md)
- [45.11. Environment Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/environment-variables.md)
- [46. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language.md)
- [47. Server Programming Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/server-programming-interface.md)
- [48. Background Worker Processes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/47.-background-worker-processes.md)
- [49. Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/48.-logical-decoding.md)
- [50. Replication Progress Tracking](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/server-programming/replication-progress-tracking.md)
- [VI. 參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference.md)
- [I. SQL 指令](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands.md)
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-database.md)
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-default-privileges.md)
- [ALTER EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-extension.md)
- [ALTER FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-function.md)
- [ALTER INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-index.md)
- [ALTER LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-language.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-materialized-view.md)
- [ALTER POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-policy.md)
- [ALTER PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-publication.md)
- [ALTER ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-role.md)
- [ALTER RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-rule.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-schema.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-sequence.md)
- [ALTER STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-subscription.md)
- [ALTER SYSTEM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-system.md)
- [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-table.md)
- [ALTER TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-tablespace.md)
- [ALTER TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-trigger.md)
- [ALTER TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-type.md)
- [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/alter-view.md)
- [ANALYZE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/analyze.md)
- [CLUSTER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/cluster.md)
- [COMMENT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/comment.md)
- [COPY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/copy.md)
- [CREATE CAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-cast.md)
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-database.md)
- [CREATE EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-extension.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-table.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-function.md)
- [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-index.md)
- [CREATE LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-language.md)
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-materialized-view.md)
- [CREATE DOMAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-domain.md)
- [CREATE POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-policy.md)
- [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-procedure.md)
- [CREATE PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-publication.md)
- [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-role.md)
- [CREATE RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-rule.md)
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-schema.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SERVER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-server.md)
- [CREATE STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-subscription.md)
- [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-table.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TABLE AS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-table-as.md)
- [CREATE TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-tablespace.md)
- [CREATE TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-transform.md)
- [CREATE TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-trigger.md)
- [CREATE TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-type.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-user.md)
- [CREATE USER MAPPING](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-user-mapping.md)
- [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/create-view.md)
- [DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/delete.md)
- [DO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/do.md): 版本：11
- [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-database.md)
- [DROP EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-extension.md)
- [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-function.md)
- [DROP INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-index.md)
- [DROP LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-language.md): 版本：11
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-materialized-view.md)
- [DROP OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-owned.md)
- [DROP POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-policy.md)
- [DROP ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-role.md)
- [DROP RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-rule.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-schema.md)
- [DROP SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-sequence.md)
- [DROP STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-subscription.md)
- [DROP TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-table.md)
- [DROP TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-tablespace.md)
- [DROP TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-transform.md)
- [DROP TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-trigger.md)
- [DROP TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-type.md)
- [DROP USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-user.md)
- [DROP VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/drop-view.md)
- [EXECUTE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/execute.md)
- [EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/explain.md)
- [GRANT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/grant.md)
- [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/import-foreign-schema.md)
- [INSERT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/insert.md)
- [LISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/listen.md)
- [LOAD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/load.md)
- [NOTIFY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/notify.md)
- [PREPARE TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/prepare-transaction.md)
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/reassign-owned.md)
- [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/refresh-materialized-view.md)
- [REINDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/reindex.md)
- [RESET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/reset.md)
- [REVOKE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/revoke.md)
- [SECURITY LABEL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/security-label.md)
- [SELECT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/select.md)
- [SELECT INTO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/select-into.md)
- [SET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/set.md)
- [SET CONSTRAINTS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/set-constraints.md)
- [SET ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/set-role.md)
- [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/set-session-authorization.md)
- [SET TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/set-transaction.md)
- [SHOW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/show.md)
- [TRUNCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/truncate.md)
- [UNLISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/unlisten.md)
- [UPDATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/update.md)
- [VACUUM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/vacuum.md)
- [VALUES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/sql-commands/values.md)
- [II. PostgreSQL 用戶端工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications.md)
- [createdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/createdb.md)
- [createuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/createuser.md)
- [dropdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/dropdb.md)
- [dropuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/dropuser.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [pgbench](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/pgbench.md)
- [pg\_basebackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/pg_basebackup.md)
- [pg\_dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/pg_dump.md)
- [pg\_dumpall](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/pg_dumpall.md)
- [pg\_restore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/pg_restore.md)
- [psql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/psql.md)
- [vacuumdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/client-applications/vacuumdb.md)
- [III. PostgreSQL 伺服器應用程式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/server-applications.md)
- [initdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/server-applications/initdb.md)
- [pg\_archivecleanup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/server-applications/pg_archivecleanup.md)
- [pg\_ctl](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/server-applications/pg_ctl.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [pg\_test\_timing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/server-applications/pg_test_timing.md)
- [postgres](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/reference/server-applications/postgres.md)
- [VII. 資料庫進階](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals.md)
- [50. PostgreSQL 的內部架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals.md)
- [50.1. The Path of a Query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-path-of-a-query.md)
- [50.2. How Connections Are Established](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/how-connections-are-established.md)
- [50.3. The Parser Stage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-parser-stage.md)
- [50.4. The PostgreSQL Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/50.4.-the-postgresql-rule-system.md)
- [50.5. Planner/Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/planner-optimizer.md)
- [50.6. Executor](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/executor.md)
- [51. 系統目錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs.md)
- [51.3. pg\_am](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_am.md)
- [51.7. pg\_attribute](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_attribute.md)
- [51.8. pg\_authid](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_authid.md)
- [51.9. pg\_auth\_members](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_auth_members.md)
- [51.11 pg\_class](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_class.md)
- [51.12. pg\_collation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_collation.md)
- [51.13. pg\_constraint](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_constraint.md)
- [51.15 pg\_database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_database.md)
- [51.22. pg\_extension](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_extension.md)
- [51.26 pg\_index](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_index.md)
- [51.29. pg\_language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_language.md)
- [51.32. pg\_namespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_namespace.md)
- [51.33. pg\_opclass](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_opclass.md)
- [51.38. pg\_policy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_policy.md)
- [51.39. pg\_proc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_proc.md): 版本：11
- [51.44. pg\_rewrite](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/51.44.-pg_rewrite.md)
- [51.50. pg\_statistic](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic.md)
- [51.51. pg\_statistic\_ext](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic_ext.md)
- [51.54. pg\_tablespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/51.54.-pg_tablespace.md)
- [51.56. pg\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/51.56.-pg_trigger.md)
- [51.62. pg\_type](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_type.md)
- [51.66. pg\_available\_extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extensions.md)
- [51.67. pg\_available\_extension\_versions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extension_versions.md)
- [51.72. pg\_hba\_file\_rules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_hba_file_rules.md)
- [51.73. pg\_indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_indexes.md)
- [51.74. pg\_locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_locks.md)
- [51.79. pg\_replication\_origin\_status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/51.79.-pg_replication_origin_status.md)
- [51.82 pg\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_roles.md)
- [51.85. pg\_settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_settings.md)
- [51.87. pg\_stats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_stats.md)
- [51.90. pg\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_tables.md)
- [51.95. pg\_views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/system-catalogs/pg_views.md)
- [52. Frontend/Backend Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol.md)
- [52.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/overview.md)
- [52.2. Message Flow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.2.-message-flow.md)
- [52.3. SASL Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.3.-sasl-authentication.md)
- [52.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.4.-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.5.-logical-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.6. Message Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.6.-message-data-types.md)
- [52.7. Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.7.-message-formats.md)
- [52.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.8.-error-and-notice-message-fields.md)
- [52.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.9.-logical-replication-message-formats.md)
- [52.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.10.-summary-of-changes-since-protocol-2.0.md)
- [53. PostgreSQL 程式撰寫慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions.md)
- [53.1. Formatting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.1.-formatting.md)
- [53.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.2.-reporting-errors-within-the-server.md)
- [53.3. Error Message Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.3.-error-message-style-guide.md)
- [53.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.4.-miscellaneous-coding-conventions.md)
- [54. Native Language Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/native-language-support.md)
- [54.1. For the Translator](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/native-language-support/for-the-translator.md)
- [54.2. For the Programmer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/native-language-support/for-the-programmer.md)
- [55. 撰寫程序語言的處理程序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/writing-a-procedural-language-handler.md)
- [56. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [56.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-functions.md)
- [56.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-callback-routines.md)
- [56.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-helper-functions.md)
- [56.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-query-planning.md)
- [56.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/row-locking-in-foreign-data-wrappers.md)
- [59. Genetic Query Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/genetic-query-optimizer.md)
- [59.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/query-handling-as-a-complex-optimization-problem.md)
- [59.2. Genetic Algorithms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-algorithms.md)
- [59.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-query-optimization-geqo-in-postgresql.md)
- [59.4. Further Reading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/further-reading.md)
- [64. GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gist-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [65. SP-GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/sp-gist-indexes.md)
- [65.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/sp-gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [65.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/sp-gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [65.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/sp-gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [65.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/sp-gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [65.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/sp-gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [66. GIN 索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes.md)
- [66.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes/introduction.md)
- [66.2. 內建運算子類](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [66.3. 延伸介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [66.4. 實作說明](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes/implementation.md)
- [66.5. GIN 小巧技](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes/gin-tips-and-tricks.md)
- [66.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes/limitations.md)
- [66.7. 範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/gin-indexes/examples.md)
- [67. BRIN Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/brin.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/brin/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/brin/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/brin/extensibility.md)
- [68. 資料庫實體儲存格式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/database-physical-storage.md)
- [68.1. Database File Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/database-physical-storage/database-file-layout.md)
- [68.2. TOAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/database-physical-storage/toast.md)
- [68.3. Free Space Map](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/database-physical-storage/free-space-map.md)
- [68.4 可視性映射表（Visibility Map）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/database-physical-storage/visibility-map.md)
- [68.5. The Initialization Fork](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/database-physical-storage/the-initialization-fork.md)
- [68.6. Database Page Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/database-physical-storage/database-page-layout.md)
- [70. 查詢計畫如何使用統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics.md)
- [70.1. Row Estimation Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/row-estimation-examples.md)
- [70.2. Multivariate Statistics Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/multivariate-statistics-examples.md)
- [70.3. Planner Statistics and Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/planner-statistics-and-security.md)
- [VIII. 附錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes.md)
- [A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/postgresql-error-codes.md)
- [B. 日期時間格式支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/date-time-support.md)
- [B.1. 日期時間解譯流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/date-time-support/b.1.-ri-qi-shi-jian-jie-yi-liu-cheng.md)
- [B.2. 日期時間慣用字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-ri-qi-shi-jian-guan-yong-zi.md)
- [B.3. 日期時間設定檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/date-time-support/configuration.md)
- [B.4. 日期時間的沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/date-time-support/b.4.-ri-qi-shi-jian-de-yan-ge.md)
- [C. SQL 關鍵字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/c.-sql-guan-jian-zi.md)
- [D. SQL 相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [E. 版本資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/e.-ban-ben-zi-xun.md)
- [F. 延伸支援模組](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules.md)
- [F.4. auto\_explain](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auto_explain.md)
- [F.6. btree\_gin](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/btree_gin.md)
- [F.10. dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_connect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect.md)
- [dblink\_connect\_u](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect_u.md)
- [dblink\_disconnect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_disconnect.md)
- [dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_exec](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_exec.md)
- [dblink\_open](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_open.md)
- [dblink\_fetch](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_fetch.md)
- [dblink\_close](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_close.md)
- [dblink\_get\_connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_connections.md)
- [dblink\_error\_message](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_error_message.md)
- [dblink\_send\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_send_query.md)
- [dblink\_is\_busy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_is_busy.md)
- [dblink\_get\_notify](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_notify.md)
- [dblink\_get\_result](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_result.md)
- [dblink\_cancel\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_cancel_query.md)
- [dblink\_get\_pkey](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_pkey.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_insert](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_insert.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_delete](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_delete.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_update](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_update.md)
- [F.13. earthdistance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/earthdistance.md)
- [F.14. file\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/file_fdw.md)
- [F.29. pg\_stat\_statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_stat_statements.md)
- [F.31. pg\_trgm](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_trgm.md)
- [F.32. pg\_visibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_visibility.md)
- [F.33. postgres\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/f.33.-postgres_fdw.md)
- [F.35. sepgsql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/sepgsql.md)
- [F.38. tablefunc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tablefunc.md)
- [F.41. tsm\_system\_rows](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_rows.md)
- [F.42. tsm\_system\_time](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_time.md)
- [G. Additional Supplied Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs.md)
- [G.1. Client Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.1.-client-applications.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.1.-client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [vacuumlo](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.1.-client-applications/vacuumlo.md)
- [G.2. Server Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.2.-server-applications.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/g.-additional-supplied-programs/g.2.-server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [H. 外部專案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an.md)
- [H.1. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.1.-yong-hu-duan-jie-mian.md)
- [H.2. Administration Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.2.-administration-tools.md)
- [H.3. Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.3.-procedural-languages.md)
- [H.4. Extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.4.-extensions.md)
- [I. The Source Code Repository](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/i.-the-source-code-repository.md)
- [I.1. Getting The Source via Git](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/i.-the-source-code-repository/i.1.-getting-the-source-via-git.md)
- [J. 文件取得](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/j.-wen-jian-qu-de.md)
- [K. 縮寫字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/appendixes/k.-suo-xie-zi.md)
- [參考書目](https://docs.postgresql.tw/12/bibliography.md)

## 13

- [簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/master.md)
- [前言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/preface.md)
- [1. 什麼是 PostgreSQL？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/preface/01_intro-whatis.md)
- [2. PostgreSQL 沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/preface/02_history.md)
- [3. 慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/preface/03_notation.md)
- [4. 其他參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/preface/04_resources.md)
- [5. 問題回報指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/preface/05_bug-reporting.md)
- [I. 新手教學](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial.md)
- [1. 入門指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/getting-started.md)
- [1.1. 安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/getting-started/installation.md)
- [1.2. 基礎架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/getting-started/architectural-fundamentals.md)
- [1.3. 建立一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/getting-started/creating-a-database.md)
- [1.4. 存取一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/getting-started/accessing-a-database.md)
- [2. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language.md)
- [2.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/introduction.md)
- [2.2. 概念](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/concepts.md)
- [2.3. 創建一個新的資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/creating-a-new-table.md)
- [2.4. 資料列是資料表的組成單位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/populating-a-table-with-rows.md)
- [2.5. 資料表的查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/querying-a-table.md)
- [2.6. 交叉查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/joins-between-tables.md)
- [2.7. 彙總查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/aggregate-functions.md)
- [2.8. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/updates.md)
- [2.9. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/the-sql-language/deletions.md)
- [3. 先進功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features.md)
- [3.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features/introduction.md)
- [3.2. 檢視表（View）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features/views.md)
- [3.3. 外部索引鍵](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features/foreign-keys.md)
- [3.4. 交易安全](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features/transactions.md)
- [3.5. 窗函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features/window-functions.md)
- [3.6. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features/inheritance.md)
- [3.7. 結論](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/tutorial/advanced-features/conclusion.md)
- [II. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language.md)
- [4. SQL 語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/sql-syntax.md)
- [4.1. 語法結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/lexical-structure.md)
- [4.2. 參數表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/value-expressions.md)
- [4.3. 函數呼叫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/4.3.-han-shu-hu-jiao.md)
- [5. 定義資料結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl.md)
- [5.1. 認識資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/table-basics.md)
- [5.2. 預設值](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/default-values.md)
- [5.3. Generated Columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/generated-columns.md)
- [5.4. 限制條件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/constraints.md)
- [5.5. 系統欄位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/system-columns.md)
- [5.6. 表格變更](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/modifying-tables.md)
- [5.7. 權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/privileges.md)
- [5.8. 資料列安全原則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/row-security-policies.md)
- [5.9. Schemas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/schemas.md)
- [5.10. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/inheritance.md)
- [5.11. 分割資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/table-partitioning.md)
- [5.12. 外部資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/foreign-data.md)
- [5.13. 其他資料庫物件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/other-database-objects.md)
- [5.14. 相依性追蹤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/ddl/dependency-tracking.md)
- [6. 資料處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-manipulation.md)
- [6.1. 新增資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.1.-xin-zeng-zi-liao.md)
- [6.2. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.2.-geng-xin-zi-liao.md)
- [6.3. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.3.-shan-chu-zi-liao.md)
- [6.4. 修改並回傳資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/returning-data-from-modified-rows.md)
- [7. 資料查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries.md)
- [7.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/overview.md)
- [7.2. 資料表表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/table-expressions.md)
- [7.3. 取得資料列表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/select-lists.md)
- [7.4. 合併查詢結果](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/combining-queries.md)
- [7.5. 資料排序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/sorting-rows.md)
- [7.6. LIMIT 和 OFFSET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/limit-and-offset.md)
- [7.7. VALUES 列舉資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/values-lists.md)
- [7.8. WITH Querys（Common Table Expressions）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/queries/with-queries.md)
- [8. 資料型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types.md)
- [8.1. 數字型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/numeric-types.md)
- [8.2. 貨幣型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/monetary-types.md)
- [8.3. 字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/character-types.md)
- [8.4. 位元組型別（bytea）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/binary.md)
- [8.5. 日期時間型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/date-time.md)
- [8.6. 布林型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/boolean-type.md)
- [8.7. 列舉型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/enumerated-types.md)
- [8.8. 地理資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/geometric-types.md)
- [8.9. 網路資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/network-address-types.md)
- [8.10. 位元字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/bit-string-types.md)
- [8.11. 全文檢索型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/text-search-types.md)
- [8.12. UUID 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/uuid-type.md)
- [8.13. XML 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/xml-type.md)
- [8.14. JSON 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/json-types.md)
- [8.15. 陣列](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/arrays.md)
- [8.16. 複合型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/composite-types.md)
- [8.17. 範圍型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/range-types.md)
- [8.18. Domain Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/domain-types.md)
- [8.19. 物件指標型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/object-identifier-types.md)
- [8.20. pg\_lsn 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/pg_lsn-type.md)
- [8.21. 概念型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/data-types/pseudo-types.md)
- [9. 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.1. 邏輯運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/logical-operators.md)
- [9.2. 比較函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/comparison-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.3. 數學函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/mathematical-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.4. 字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.5. 位元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/binary-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.6. 二元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/bit-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.7. 特徵比對](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/pattern-matching.md)
- [9.8. 型別轉換函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/data-type-formatting-functions.md)
- [9.9 日期時間函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/date-time-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.10. 列舉型別函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/enum-support-functions.md)
- [9.11. 地理資訊函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/geometric-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.12. 網路位址函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/network-address-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.13. 文字檢索函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/text-search-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.14. UUID Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/uuid-functions.md)
- [9.15. XML 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/xml.md)
- [9.16. JSON 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/json-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.17. 序列函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/sequence-manipulation-functions.md)
- [9.18. 條件表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/conditional-expressions.md)
- [9.19. 陣列函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/array-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.20. 範圍函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/range-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.21. 彙總函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/aggregate-functions.md)
- [9.22. Window 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/window-functions.md)
- [9.23. 子查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/subquery-expressions.md)
- [9.24. 資料列與陣列的比較運算](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/row-and-array-comparisons.md)
- [9.25. 集合回傳函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/set-returning-functions.md)
- [9.26. 系統資訊函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-information-functions.md)
- [9.27. 系統管理函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-administration.md)
- [9.28. 觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/trigger-functions.md)
- [9.29. 事件觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/event-trigger-functions.md)
- [9.30. Statistics Information Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/statistics-information-functions.md)
- [10. 型別轉換](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/type-conversion.md)
- [10.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [10.2. 運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.2.-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [10.3. 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.3.-han-shi.md)
- [10.4. 資料儲存轉換規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/type-conversion/value-storage.md): 版本：11
- [10.5. UNION、CASE 等相關結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/type-conversion/union-case-and-related-constructs.md)
- [10.6. SELECT 輸出規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.6.-select-shu-chu-gui-ze.md)
- [11. 索引（Index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index.md)
- [11.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/introduction.md)
- [11.2. 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/index-types.md)
- [11.3. 多欄位索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/multicolumn-indexes.md)
- [11.4. 索引與 ORDER BY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-order-by.md)
- [11.5. 善用多個索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/combining-multiple-indexes.md)
- [11.6. 唯一值索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/unique-indexes.md)
- [11.7. 表示式索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/indexes-on-expressions.md)
- [11.8. 部份索引（partial index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/partial-indexes.md)
- [11.9. Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/index-only-scans-and-covering-indexes.md)
- [11.10. 運算子物件及家族](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/operator-classes-and-operator-families.md)
- [11.11. 索引與排序規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-collations.md)
- [11.12. 檢查索引運用](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/index/examining-index-usage.md)
- [12. 全文檢索](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo.md)
- [12.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [12.2. 查詢與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.2.-cha-xun-yu-suo-yin.md)
- [12.3. 細部控制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.3.-xi-bu-kong-zhi.md)
- [12.4. 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.4.-yan-shen-gong-neng.md)
- [12.5. 斷詞](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.5.-duan-ci.md)
- [12.6. 字典](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.6.-zi-dian.md)
- [12.7. 組態範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.7.-zu-tai-fan-li.md)
- [12.8. 測試與除錯](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.8.-ce-shi-yu-chu-cuo.md)
- [12.9. GIN 及 GiST 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.9.-gin-ji-gist-suo-yin-xing-bie.md)
- [12.10. psql支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.10.-psql-zhi-yuan.md)
- [12.11. 功能限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.11.-gong-neng-xian-zhi.md)
- [13. 一致性管理（MVCC）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/concurrency-control.md)
- [13.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/introduction.md)
- [13.2. 交易隔離](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/transaction-isolation.md)
- [13.3. 鎖定模式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/explicit-locking.md)
- [13.4. 在應用端檢視資料一致性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/data-consistency-checks-at-the-application-level.md)
- [13.5. 特別注意](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/caveats.md)
- [13.6. 鎖定與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/locking-and-indexes.md)
- [14. 效能技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/performance-tips.md)
- [14.1. 善用 EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/performance-tips/using-explain.md)
- [14.2. 統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/performance-tips/statistics-used-by-the-planner.md)
- [14.3. 使用確切的 JOIN 方式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/performance-tips/controlling-the-planner-with-explicit-join-clauses.md)
- [14.4. 快速建立資料庫內容](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/performance-tips/populating-a-database.md)
- [14.5. 風險性彈性設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/performance-tips/non-durable-settings.md)
- [15. 平行查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/parallel-query.md)
- [15.1. 如何運作？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/parallel-query/how-parallel-query-works.md)
- [15.2. 啓用時機？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/parallel-query/when-can-parallel-query-be-used.md)
- [15.3. 平行查詢計畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-plans.md)
- [15.4. 平行查詢的安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-safety.md)
- [III. 系統管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration.md)
- [16. 用原始碼安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code.md)
- [16.1. Short Version](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/short-version.md)
- [16.2. Requirements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/requirements.md)
- [16.3. Getting The Source](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/getting-the-source.md)
- [16.4. 安裝流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/installation-procedure.md)
- [16.5. Post-Installation Setup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/post-installation-setup.md)
- [16.6. Supported Platforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/supported-platforms.md)
- [16.7. 平台相關的注意事項](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/platform-specific-notes.md)
- [17. 用原始碼在 Windows 上安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows.md)
- [17.1. Building with Visual C++ or the Microsoft Windows SDK](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows/17.1.-building-with-visual-c++-or-the-microsoft-windows-sdk.md)
- [18. 服務配置與維運](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation.md)
- [18.1. PostgreSQL 使用者帳號](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.1.-postgresql-shi-yong-zhe-zhang-hao.md)
- [18.2. Creating a Database Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/creating-a-database-cluster.md)
- [18.3. Starting the Database Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/starting-the-database-server.md)
- [18.4. 核心資源管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/managing-kernel-resources.md)
- [18.5. Shutting Down the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/shutting-down-the-server.md)
- [18.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.6.-upgrading-a-postgresql-cluster.md)
- [18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/preventing-server-spoofing.md)
- [18.8. Encryption Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/encryption-options.md)
- [18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssl.md)
- [18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-gssapi-encryption.md)
- [18.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssh-tunnels.md)
- [18.12. 在 Windows 註冊事件日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.11.-zai-windows-zhu-ce-shi-jian-ri-zhi.md)
- [19. 服務組態設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration.md)
- [19.1. Setting Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/setting-parameters.md)
- [19.2. File Locations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/file-locations.md)
- [19.3. 連線與認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/connections-and-authentication.md)
- [19.4. 資源配置](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/resource-consumption.md)
- [19.5. Write Ahead Log](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/write-ahead-log.md)
- [19.6. 複寫（Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/replication.md)
- [19.7. 查詢規畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/query-planning.md)
- [19.8. 錯誤回報與日誌記錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/error-reporting-and-logging.md)
- [19.9. 執行階段統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/run-time-statistics.md)
- [19.10. 自動資料庫清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/automatic-vacuuming.md)
- [19.11. 用戶端連線預設參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/client-connection-defaults.md)
- [19.12. 交易鎖定管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/19.12.-jiao-yi-suo-ding-guan-li.md)
- [19.13. 版本與平台的相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/19.13.-ban-ben-yu-ping-tai-de-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [19.14. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/error-handling.md)
- [19.15. 預先配置的參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/19.15.-yu-xian-pei-zhi-de-can-shu.md)
- [19.16. Customized Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/customized-options.md)
- [19.17. Developer Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/developer-options.md)
- [19.18. Short Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/server-configuration/short-options.md)
- [20. 使用者認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication.md)
- [20.1. 設定檔：pg\_hba.conf](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/the-pg_hba.conf-file.md)
- [20.2. User Name Maps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/user-name-maps.md)
- [20.3. Authentication Methods](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-methods.md)
- [20.4. Trust Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/trust-authentication.md)
- [20.5. Password Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/password-authentication.md)
- [20.6. GSSAPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/gssapi-authentication.md)
- [20.7. SSPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/sspi-authentication.md)
- [20.8. Ident Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/ident-authentication.md)
- [20.9. Peer Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/peer-authentication.md)
- [20.10. LDAP Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/ldap-authentication.md)
- [20.11. RADIUS Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/radius-authentication.md)
- [20.12. Certificate Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/certificate-authentication.md)
- [20.13. PAM Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/client-authentication/pam-authentication.md)
- [21. 資料庫角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/database-roles.md)
- [21.1. Database Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/database-roles/database-roles.md)
- [21.2. Role Attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/database-roles/role-attributes.md)
- [21.3. Role Membership](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/database-roles/role-membership.md)
- [21.4. 移除角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/database-roles/dropping-roles.md)
- [21.5. Default Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/database-roles/default-roles.md)
- [21.6. Function Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/database-roles/function-security.md)
- [22. Managing Databases](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/managing-databases.md)
- [22.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/managing-databases/overview.md)
- [22.2. Creating a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/managing-databases/creating-a-database.md)
- [22.3. 樣版資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/managing-databases/template-databases.md)
- [22.4. Database Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/managing-databases/database-configuration.md)
- [22.5. Destroying a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/managing-databases/destroying-a-database.md)
- [22.6. Tablespaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/managing-databases/tablespaces.md)
- [23. 語系](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/localization.md)
- [23.1. 語系支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/localization/locale-support.md): 版本：11
- [23.2. Collation Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/localization/collation-support.md)
- [23.3. 字元集支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/localization/character-set-support.md)
- [24. 例行性資料庫維護工作](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks.md)
- [24.1. 例行性資料清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-vacuuming.md)
- [24.2. 定期重建索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-reindexing.md)
- [24.3. Log 檔案維護](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/log-file-maintenance.md)
- [25. 備份及還原](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/backup-and-restore.md)
- [25.1. SQL Dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/backup-and-restore/sql-dump.md)
- [25.2. 檔案系統層級備份](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/backup-and-restore/file-system-level-backup.md)
- [25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/backup-and-restore/continuous-archiving-and-point-in-time-recovery-pitr.md)
- [26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication.md)
- [26.1. 比較不同的解決方案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/comparison-of-different-solutions.md)
- [26.2. 日誌轉送備用伺服器 Log-Shipping Standby Servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/log-shipping-standby-servers.md)
- [26.3. Failover](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/failover.md)
- [26.4. Alternative Method for Log Shipping](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.4.-alternative-method-for-log-shipping.md)
- [26.5. Hot Standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.5.-hot-standby.md)
- [27. 監控資料庫活動](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity.md)
- [27.1. Standard Unix Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/standard-unix-tools.md)
- [27.2. 統計資訊收集器](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/the-statistics-collector.md)
- [27.3. Viewing Locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/viewing-locks.md)
- [27.4. Progress Reporting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/progress-reporting.md)
- [27.5. Dynamic Tracing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/dynamic-tracing.md)
- [28. 監控磁碟使用情況](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage.md)
- [28.1. 瞭解磁碟使用情形](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/determining-disk-usage.md)
- [28.2. 磁碟空間不足錯誤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/disk-full-failure.md)
- [29. 高可靠度及預寫日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log.md)
- [29.1. 可靠度](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/reliability.md)
- [29.2. Write-Ahead Logging（WAL）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/write-ahead-logging-wal.md)
- [29.3. Asynchronous Commit](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/asynchronous-commit.md)
- [29.4. WAL Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-configuration.md)
- [29.5. WAL Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-internals.md)
- [30. 邏輯複寫（Logical Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication.md)
- [30.1. 發佈（Publication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/publication.md)
- [30.2. 訂閱（Subscription）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/subscription.md)
- [30.3. 衝突處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/conflicts.md)
- [30.4. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/restrictions.md)
- [30.5. 架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/architecture.md)
- [30.6. 監控](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/monitoring.md)
- [30.7. 安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/security.md)
- [30.8. 系統設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/configuration-settings.md)
- [30.9. 快速設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/logical-replication/quick-setup.md)
- [31. Just-in-Time Compilation（JIT）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation.md)
- [31.1. What is JIT compilation?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/what-is-jit-compilation.md)
- [31.2. When to JIT?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/when-to-jit.md)
- [31.3. Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/configuration.md)
- [31.4. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/extensibility.md)
- [32. 迴歸測試](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/regression-tests.md)
- [32.1. Running the Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/regression-tests/32.1.-running-the-tests.md)
- [32.2. Test Evaluation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/regression-tests/32.2.-test-evaluation.md)
- [32.3. Variant Comparison Files](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/regression-tests/32.3.-variant-comparison-files.md)
- [32.4. TAP Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/regression-tests/32.4.-tap-tests.md)
- [32.5. Test Coverage Examination](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-administration/regression-tests/32.5.-test-coverage-examination.md)
- [IV. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces.md)
- [33. libpq - C Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library.md)
- [33.1. 資料庫連線控制函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/database-connection-control-functions.md)
- [33.2. 連線狀態函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.3. Command Execution Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions-2.md)
- [33.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/asynchronous-command-processing.md)
- [33.5. Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/retrieving-query-results-row-by-row.md)
- [33.6. Canceling Queries in Progress](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.6.-canceling-queries-in-progress.md)
- [33.7. The Fast-Path Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.7.-the-fast-path-interface.md)
- [33.8. Asynchronous Notification](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.8.-asynchronous-notification.md)
- [33.9. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.9.-functions-associated-with-the-copy-command.md)
- [33.10. Control Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/control-functions.md)
- [33.11. Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.11.-miscellaneous-functions.md)
- [33.12. Notice Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.12.-notice-processing.md)
- [33.13. Event System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.13.-event-system.md)
- [33.14. 環境變數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/environment-variables.md): 版本：11
- [33.15. 密碼檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.15.-mi-ma-dang.md)
- [33.16. The Connection Service File](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.16.-the-connection-service-file.md)
- [33.17. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.17.-ldap-lookup-of-connection-parameters.md)
- [33.18. SSL Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.18.-ssl-support.md)
- [33.19. Behavior in Threaded Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.19.-behavior-in-threaded-programs.md)
- [33.20. Building libpq Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.20.-building-libpq-programs.md)
- [33.21. Example Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/example-programs.md)
- [34. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects.md)
- [35.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.1.-introduction.md)
- [35.2. Implementation Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.2.-implementation-features.md)
- [35.3. Client Interfaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.3.-client-interfaces.md)
- [35.4. Server-side Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.4.-server-side-functions.md)
- [35.5. Example Program](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.5.-example-program.md)
- [35. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c.md)
- [35.1. The Concept](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/the-concept.md)
- [35.2. Managing Database Connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.2.-managing-database-connections.md)
- [35.3. Running SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.3.-running-sql-commands.md)
- [35.4. Using Host Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.4.-using-host-variables.md)
- [35.5. Dynamic SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.5.-dynamic-sql.md)
- [35.6. pgtypes Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.6.-pgtypes-library.md)
- [35.7. Using Descriptor Areas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.7.-using-descriptor-areas.md)
- [35.8. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.8.-error-handling.md)
- [35.9. Preprocessor Directives](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.9.-preprocessor-directives.md)
- [35.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.10.-processing-embedded-sql-programs.md)
- [35.11. Library Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.11.-library-functions.md)
- [35.12. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.12.-large-objects.md)
- [35.13. C++ Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.13.-c++-applications.md)
- [35.14. Embedded SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.14.-embedded-sql-commands.md)
- [35.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.15.-informix-compatibility-mode.md)
- [35.16. Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.16.-internals.md)
- [36. The Information Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema.md)
- [36.1. The Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/the-schema.md)
- [36.2. Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data-types.md)
- [36.3. information\_schema\_catalog\_name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/information_schema_catalog_name.md)
- [36.4. administrable\_role\_authorizations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/administrable_role_authorizations.md)
- [36.5. applicable\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/applicable_roles.md)
- [36.6. attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/attributes.md)
- [36.7. character\_sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/character_sets.md)
- [36.8. check\_constraint\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraint_routine_usage.md)
- [36.9. check\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraints.md)
- [36.10. collations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collations.md)
- [36.11. collation\_character\_set\_applicability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.11.-collation_character_set_applicability.md)
- [36.12. column\_domain\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.12.-column_domain_usage.md)
- [36.13. column\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.13.-column_options.md)
- [36.14. column\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.14.-column_privileges.md)
- [36.16. column\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_udt_usage.md)
- [36.17. columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/columns.md)
- [36.18. constraint\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_column_usage.md)
- [37.18. constraint\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.18.-constraint_table_usage.md)
- [37.19. data\_type\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.19.-data_type_privileges.md)
- [37.20. domain\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.20.-domain_constraints.md)
- [37.21. domain\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.21.-domain_udt_usage.md)
- [37.22. domains](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.22.-domains.md)
- [37.23. element\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.23.-element_types.md)
- [37.24. enabled\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.24.-enabled_roles.md)
- [37.25. foreign\_data\_wrapper\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.25.-foreign_data_wrapper_options.md)
- [37.26. foreign\_data\_wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.26.-foreign_data_wrappers.md)
- [37.27. foreign\_server\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.27.-foreign_server_options.md)
- [37.28. foreign\_servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.28.-foreign_servers.md)
- [37.29. foreign\_table\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.29.-foreign_table_options.md)
- [37.30. foreign\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.30.-foreign_tables.md)
- [36.32. key\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/key_column_usage.md)
- [36.33. parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/parameters.md)
- [36.34. referential\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/referential_constraints.md)
- [37.34. role\_column\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.34.-role_column_grants.md)
- [37.35. role\_routine\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.35.-role_routine_grants.md)
- [36.37. role\_table\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_table_grants.md)
- [37.37. role\_udt\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.37.-role_udt_grants.md)
- [37.38. role\_usage\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.38.-role_usage_grants.md)
- [37.39. routine\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.39.-routine_privileges.md)
- [37.40. routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.40.-routines.md)
- [36.42. schemata](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/schemata.md)
- [37.42. sequences](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.42.-sequences.md)
- [37.43. sql\_features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.43.-sql_features.md)
- [37.44. sql\_implementation\_info](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.44.-sql_implementation_info.md)
- [37.45. sql\_languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.45.-sql_languages.md)
- [37.46. sql\_packages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.46.-sql_packages.md)
- [37.47. sql\_parts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.47.-sql_parts.md)
- [37.48. sql\_sizing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.48.-sql_sizing.md)
- [37.49. sql\_sizing\_profiles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.49.-sql_sizing_profiles.md)
- [36.51. table\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/table_constraints.md)
- [36.49. table\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.51.-table_privileges.md)
- [37.52. tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.52.-tables.md)
- [37.53. transforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.53.-transforms.md)
- [37.54. triggered\_update\_columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.54.-triggered_update_columns.md)
- [37.55. triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.55.-triggers.md)
- [37.56. udt\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.56.-udt_privileges.md)
- [37.57. usage\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.57.-usage_privileges.md)
- [37.58. user\_defined\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.58.-user_defined_types.md)
- [37.59. user\_mapping\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.59.-user_mapping_options.md)
- [37.60. user\_mappings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.60.-user_mappings.md)
- [37.61. view\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.61.-view_column_usage.md)
- [37.62. view\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.62.-view_routine_usage.md)
- [37.63. view\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.63.-view_table_usage.md)
- [37.64. views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.64.-views.md)
- [V. 資料庫程式設計](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming.md)
- [37. SQL 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql.md)
- [37.1. How Extensibility Works](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/37.1.-how-extensibility-works.md)
- [37.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/37.2.-the-postgresql-type-system.md)
- [37.3. 使用者自訂函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-functions.md): 版本：11
- [37.4. User-defined Procedures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-procedures.md)
- [37.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/query-language-sql-functions.md)
- [37.6. Function Overloading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/function-overloading.md): 版本：11
- [37.7. 函數易變性類別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/function-volatility-categories.md): 版本：11
- [37.8. Procedural Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/procedural-language-functions.md)
- [37.9. Internal Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/internal-functions.md)
- [37.10. C-Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/c-language-functions.md)
- [37.11. Function Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/function-optimization-information.md)
- [37.12. User-defined Aggregates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-aggregates.md): 版本：11
- [37.13. User-defined Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-types.md)
- [37.14. User-defined Operators](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-operators.md): 版本：11
- [37.15. Operator Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/operator-optimization-information.md): 版本：11
- [37.16. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/interfacing-extensions-to-indexes.md)
- [37.17. 封裝相關物件到延伸功能中](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/packaging-related-objects-into-an-extension.md)
- [37.18. Extension Building Infrastructure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/extending-sql/extension-building-infrastructure.md)
- [38. Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/triggers.md)
- [38.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/triggers/overview-of-trigger-behavior.md)
- [38.2. Visibility of Data Changes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/triggers/visibility-of-data-changes.md)
- [38.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/triggers/writing-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [38.4. A Complete Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/triggers/a-complete-trigger-example.md)
- [39. Event Triggers (事件觸發)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/event-triggers.md)
- [39.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/event-triggers/overview-of-event-trigger-behavior.md)
- [39.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/event-triggers/event-trigger-firing-matrix.md)
- [39.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/event-triggers/writing-event-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [39.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/event-triggers/a-complete-event-trigger-example.md)
- [40. 規則系統](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system.md)
- [40.1. The Query Tree](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system/the-query-tree.md)
- [40.2. Views and the Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system/views-and-the-rule-system.md)
- [40.3. Materialized Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system/materialized-views.md)
- [40.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-on-insert-update-and-delete.md)
- [40.5. 規則及權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-privileges.md)
- [40.6. Rules and Command Status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-command-status.md)
- [40.7. Rules Versus Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-versus-triggers.md)
- [41. Procedural Languages（程序語言）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/procedural-languages.md)
- [41.1. Installing Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/procedural-languages/installing-procedural-languages.md)
- [41.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/procedural-languages/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [41.5. Basic Statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/procedural-languages/42.5.-basic-statements.md)
- [41.11. 深入了解 PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/procedural-languages/pl-pgsql-under-the-hood.md)
- [42. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language.md)
- [42.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/overview.md)
- [42.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [42.3. Declarations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/declarations.md)
- [42.4. Expressions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/expressions.md)
- [42.5. 基本語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/basic-statements.md)
- [42.6. Control Structures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/control-structures.md)
- [43. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-tcl-tcl-procedural-language.md)
- [44. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-perl-perl-procedural-language.md)
- [45. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1.md)
- [45.1. Python 2 vs. Python 3](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/python-2-vs.-python-3.md)
- [45.2. PL/Python Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/pl-python-functions.md)
- [45.3. Data Values](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/data-values.md)
- [45.4. Sharing Data](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/sharing-data.md)
- [45.5. Anonymous Code Blocks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/anonymous-code-blocks.md)
- [45.6. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/trigger-functions.md)
- [45.7. Database Access](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/database-access.md)
- [45.8. Explicit Subtransactions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/explicit-subtransactions.md)
- [45.9. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/transaction-management.md)
- [45.10. Utility Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/utility-functions.md)
- [45.11. Environment Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/environment-variables.md)
- [46. Server Programming Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/server-programming-interface.md)
- [47. Background Worker Processes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/background-worker-processes.md)
- [48. Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding.md)
- [48.1. Logical Decoding Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-examples.md)
- [48.2. Logical Decoding Concepts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-concepts.md)
- [48.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/streaming-replication-protocol-interface.md)
- [48.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-sql-interface.md)
- [48.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/system-catalogs-related-to-logical-decoding.md)
- [48.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-plugins.md)
- [48.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-writers.md)
- [48.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/logical-decoding/synchronous-replication-support-for-logical-decoding.md)
- [49. Replication Progress Tracking](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/server-programming/replication-progress-tracking.md)
- [VI. 參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference.md)
- [I. SQL 指令](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands.md)
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-database.md)
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-default-privileges.md)
- [ALTER EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-extension.md)
- [ALTER FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-function.md)
- [ALTER INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-index.md)
- [ALTER LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-language.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-materialized-view.md)
- [ALTER POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-policy.md)
- [ALTER PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-publication.md)
- [ALTER ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-role.md)
- [ALTER RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-rule.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-schema.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-sequence.md)
- [ALTER STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-statistics.md)
- [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-subscription.md)
- [ALTER SYSTEM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-system.md)
- [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-table.md)
- [ALTER TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-tablespace.md)
- [ALTER TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-trigger.md)
- [ALTER TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-type.md)
- [ALTER USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-user.md)
- [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/alter-view.md)
- [ANALYZE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/analyze.md)
- [CLUSTER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/cluster.md)
- [COMMENT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/comment.md)
- [COMMIT PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/commit-prepared.md)
- [COPY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/copy.md)
- [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-access-method.md)
- [CREATE CAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-cast.md)
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-database.md)
- [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-event-trigger.md)
- [CREATE EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-extension.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-table.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-function.md)
- [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-index.md)
- [CREATE LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-language.md)
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-materialized-view.md)
- [CREATE DOMAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-domain.md)
- [CREATE POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-policy.md)
- [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-procedure.md)
- [CREATE PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-publication.md)
- [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-role.md)
- [CREATE RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-rule.md)
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-schema.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SERVER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-server.md)
- [CREATE STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-subscription.md)
- [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-table.md)
- [CREATE TABLE AS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-table-as.md)
- [CREATE TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-tablespace.md)
- [CREATE TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-transform.md)
- [CREATE TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-trigger.md)
- [CREATE TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-type.md)
- [CREATE USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-user.md)
- [CREATE USER MAPPING](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-user-mapping.md)
- [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/create-view.md)
- [DEALLOCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/deallocate.md)
- [DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/delete.md)
- [DO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/do.md): 版本：11
- [DROP ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-access-method.md)
- [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-database.md)
- [DROP EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-extension.md)
- [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-function.md)
- [DROP INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-index.md)
- [DROP LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-language.md): 版本：11
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-materialized-view.md)
- [DROP OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-owned.md)
- [DROP POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-policy.md)
- [DROP PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-publication.md)
- [DROP ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-role.md)
- [DROP RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-rule.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-schema.md)
- [DROP SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-sequence.md)
- [DROP STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-statistics.md)
- [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-subscription.md)
- [DROP TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-table.md)
- [DROP TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-tablespace.md)
- [DROP TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-transform.md)
- [DROP TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-trigger.md)
- [DROP TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-type.md)
- [DROP USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-user.md)
- [DROP VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/drop-view.md)
- [EXECUTE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/execute.md)
- [EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/explain.md)
- [GRANT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/grant.md)
- [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/import-foreign-schema.md)
- [INSERT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/insert.md)
- [LISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/listen.md)
- [LOAD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/load.md)
- [NOTIFY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/notify.md)
- [PREPARE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/prepare.md)
- [PREPARE TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/prepare-transaction.md)
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/reassign-owned.md)
- [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/refresh-materialized-view.md)
- [REINDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/reindex.md)
- [RESET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/reset.md)
- [REVOKE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/revoke.md)
- [ROLLBACK PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/rollback-prepared.md)
- [SECURITY LABEL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/security-label.md)
- [SELECT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/select.md)
- [SELECT INTO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/select-into.md)
- [SET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/set.md)
- [SET CONSTRAINTS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/set-constraints.md)
- [SET ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/set-role.md)
- [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/set-session-authorization.md)
- [SET TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/set-transaction.md)
- [SHOW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/show.md)
- [TRUNCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/truncate.md)
- [UNLISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/unlisten.md)
- [UPDATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/update.md)
- [VACUUM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/vacuum.md)
- [VALUES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/sql-commands/values.md)
- [II. PostgreSQL 用戶端工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications.md)
- [createdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/createdb.md)
- [createuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/createuser.md)
- [dropdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/dropdb.md)
- [dropuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/dropuser.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [pgbench](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pgbench.md)
- [pg\_basebackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_basebackup.md)
- [pg\_dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_dump.md)
- [pg\_dumpall](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_dumpall.md)
- [pg\_isready](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_isready.md)
- [pg\_receivewal](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_receivewal.md)
- [pg\_recvlogical](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_recvlogical.md)
- [pg\_restore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_restore.md)
- [pg\_verifybackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/pg_verifybackup.md)
- [psql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/psql.md)
- [vacuumdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/client-applications/vacuumdb.md)
- [III. PostgreSQL 伺服器應用程式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications.md)
- [initdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications/initdb.md)
- [pg\_archivecleanup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications/pg_archivecleanup.md)
- [pg\_ctl](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications/pg_ctl.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [pg\_test\_timing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications/pg_test_timing.md)
- [pg\_upgrade](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications/pg_upgrade.md)
- [postgres](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/reference/server-applications/postgres.md)
- [VII. 資料庫進階](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals.md)
- [50. PostgreSQL 的內部架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals.md)
- [50.1. 處理查詢語句的流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-path-of-a-query.md)
- [50.2. How Connections Are Established](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/how-connections-are-established.md)
- [50.3. The Parser Stage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-parser-stage.md)
- [50.4. The PostgreSQL Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/50.4.-the-postgresql-rule-system.md)
- [50.5. Planner/Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/planner-optimizer.md)
- [50.6. Executor](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/executor.md)
- [51. 系統目錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs.md)
- [51.3. pg\_am](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_am.md)
- [51.7. pg\_attribute](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_attribute.md)
- [51.8. pg\_authid](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_authid.md)
- [51.9. pg\_auth\_members](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_auth_members.md)
- [51.10. pg\_cast](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_cast.md)
- [51.11 pg\_class](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_class.md)
- [51.12. pg\_collation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_collation.md)
- [51.13. pg\_constraint](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_constraint.md)
- [51.15 pg\_database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_database.md)
- [51.21. pg\_event\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_event_trigger.md)
- [51.22. pg\_extension](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_extension.md)
- [51.26 pg\_index](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_index.md)
- [51.29. pg\_language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_language.md)
- [51.32. pg\_namespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_namespace.md)
- [51.33. pg\_opclass](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_opclass.md)
- [51.38. pg\_policy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_policy.md)
- [51.39. pg\_proc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_proc.md)
- [51.44. pg\_rewrite](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/51.44.-pg_rewrite.md)
- [51.49. pg\_statistic](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic.md)
- [51.50. pg\_statistic\_ext](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic_ext.md)
- [51.52. pg\_subscription](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription.md)
- [51.53. pg\_subscription\_rel](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription_rel.md)
- [51.54. pg\_tablespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/51.54.-pg_tablespace.md)
- [51.56. pg\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/51.56.-pg_trigger.md)
- [51.62. pg\_type](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_type.md)
- [51.66. pg\_available\_extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extensions.md)
- [51.67. pg\_available\_extension\_versions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extension_versions.md)
- [51.71. pg\_hba\_file\_rules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_hba_file_rules.md)
- [51.72. pg\_indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_indexes.md)
- [51.73. pg\_locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_locks.md)
- [51.77. pg\_prepared\_xacts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_prepared_xacts.md)
- [51.79. pg\_replication\_origin\_status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/51.79.-pg_replication_origin_status.md)
- [51.80. pg\_replication\_slots](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_replication_slots.md)
- [51.82 pg\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_roles.md)
- [51.85. pg\_settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_settings.md)
- [51.87. pg\_shmem\_allocations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_shmem_allocations.md)
- [51.88. pg\_stats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_stats.md)
- [51.90. pg\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_tables.md)
- [51.93. pg\_user](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_user.md)
- [51.95. pg\_views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalogs/pg_views.md)
- [52. Frontend/Backend Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol.md)
- [52.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/overview.md)
- [52.2. Message Flow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.2.-message-flow.md)
- [52.3. SASL Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.3.-sasl-authentication.md)
- [52.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.5.-logical-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.6. Message Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.6.-message-data-types.md)
- [52.7. Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.7.-message-formats.md)
- [52.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.8.-error-and-notice-message-fields.md)
- [52.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.9.-logical-replication-message-formats.md)
- [52.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.10.-summary-of-changes-since-protocol-2.0.md)
- [53. PostgreSQL 程式撰寫慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions.md)
- [53.1. Formatting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.1.-formatting.md)
- [53.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.2.-reporting-errors-within-the-server.md)
- [53.3. Error Message Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.3.-error-message-style-guide.md)
- [53.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.4.-miscellaneous-coding-conventions.md)
- [54. Native Language Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/native-language-support.md)
- [54.1. For the Translator](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/native-language-support/for-the-translator.md)
- [54.2. For the Programmer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/native-language-support/for-the-programmer.md)
- [55. 撰寫程序語言的處理程序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/writing-a-procedural-language-handler.md)
- [56. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [56.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-functions.md)
- [56.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-callback-routines.md)
- [56.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-helper-functions.md)
- [56.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-query-planning.md)
- [56.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/row-locking-in-foreign-data-wrappers.md)
- [59. Genetic Query Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/genetic-query-optimizer.md)
- [59.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/query-handling-as-a-complex-optimization-problem.md)
- [59.2. Genetic Algorithms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-algorithms.md)
- [59.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-query-optimization-geqo-in-postgresql.md)
- [59.4. Further Reading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/further-reading.md)
- [60. Table Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/table-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [61. Index Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/index-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [62. Generic WAL Records](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/generic-wal-records.md)
- [63. B-Tree Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/b-tree-indexes.md)
- [63.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/b-tree-indexes/introduction.md)
- [63.2. Behavior of B-Tree Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/b-tree-indexes/behavior-of-b-tree-operator-classes.md)
- [63.3. B-Tree Support Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/b-tree-indexes/b-tree-support-functions.md)
- [63.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/b-tree-indexes/63.4.-implementation.md)
- [64. GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gist-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [65. SP-GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/sp-gist-indexes.md)
- [65.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/sp-gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [65.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/sp-gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [65.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/sp-gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [65.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/sp-gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [65.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/sp-gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [66. GIN 索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes.md)
- [66.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes/introduction.md)
- [66.2. 內建運算子類](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [66.3. 延伸介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [66.4. 實作說明](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes/implementation.md)
- [66.5. GIN 小巧技](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes/gin-tips-and-tricks.md)
- [66.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes/limitations.md)
- [66.7. 範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/gin-indexes/examples.md)
- [67. BRIN Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/brin.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/brin/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/brin/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/brin/extensibility.md)
- [68. 資料庫實體儲存格式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/database-physical-storage.md)
- [68.1. Database File Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/database-physical-storage/database-file-layout.md)
- [68.2. TOAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/database-physical-storage/toast.md)
- [68.3. Free Space Map](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/database-physical-storage/free-space-map.md)
- [68.4 可視性映射表（Visibility Map）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/database-physical-storage/visibility-map.md)
- [68.5. The Initialization Fork](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/database-physical-storage/the-initialization-fork.md)
- [68.6. Database Page Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/database-physical-storage/database-page-layout.md)
- [69. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/system-catalog-declarations-and-initial-contents.md)
- [70. 查詢計畫如何使用統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics.md)
- [70.1. Row Estimation Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/row-estimation-examples.md)
- [70.2. 多元統計資訊範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/multivariate-statistics-examples.md): 版本：11
- [70.3. Planner Statistics and Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/planner-statistics-and-security.md)
- [71. Backup Manifest Format](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/internals/71.-backup-manifest-format.md)
- [VIII. 附錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes.md)
- [A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/postgresql-error-codes.md)
- [B. 日期時間格式支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/date-time-support.md)
- [B.1. 日期時間解譯流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/date-time-support/b.1.-ri-qi-shi-jian-jie-yi-liu-cheng.md)
- [B.2. 日期時間慣用字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-ri-qi-shi-jian-guan-yong-zi.md)
- [B.3. 日期時間設定檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/date-time-support/configuration.md)
- [B.4. 日期時間的沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/date-time-support/b.4.-ri-qi-shi-jian-de-yan-ge.md)
- [C. SQL 關鍵字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/c.-sql-guan-jian-zi.md)
- [D. SQL 相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [D.1. Supported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/supported-features.md)
- [D.2. Unsupported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.2.-unsupported-features.md)
- [D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.3.-xml-limits-and-conformance-to-sql-xml.md)
- [E. 版本資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/release-notes.md)
- [E.1. Release 13.3](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/release-notes/release-13.3.md)
- [F. 延伸支援模組](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules.md)
- [F.1. adminpack](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/adminpack.md)
- [F.2. amcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/amcheck.md)
- [F.3. auth\_delay](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auth_delay.md)
- [F.4. auto\_explain](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auto_explain.md)
- [F.5. bloom](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/bloom.md)
- [F.6. btree\_gin](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/btree_gin.md)
- [F.10. dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_connect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect.md)
- [dblink\_connect\_u](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect_u.md)
- [dblink\_disconnect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_disconnect.md)
- [dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_exec](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_exec.md)
- [dblink\_open](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_open.md)
- [dblink\_fetch](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_fetch.md)
- [dblink\_close](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_close.md)
- [dblink\_get\_connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_connections.md)
- [dblink\_error\_message](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_error_message.md)
- [dblink\_send\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_send_query.md)
- [dblink\_is\_busy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_is_busy.md)
- [dblink\_get\_notify](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_notify.md)
- [dblink\_get\_result](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_result.md)
- [dblink\_cancel\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_cancel_query.md)
- [dblink\_get\_pkey](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_pkey.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_insert](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_insert.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_delete](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_delete.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_update](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_update.md)
- [F.13. earthdistance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/earthdistance.md)
- [F.14. file\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/file_fdw.md)
- [F.24. pg\_buffercache](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_buffercache.md)
- [F.29. pg\_stat\_statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_stat_statements.md)
- [F.30. pgstattuple](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pgstattuple.md)
- [F.31. pg\_trgm](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_trgm.md)
- [F.32. pg\_visibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_visibility.md)
- [F.33. postgres\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/postgres_fdw.md)
- [F.35. sepgsql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/sepgsql.md)
- [F.38. tablefunc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tablefunc.md)
- [F.40. test\_decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/test_decoding.md)
- [F.41. tsm\_system\_rows](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_rows.md)
- [F.42. tsm\_system\_time](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_time.md)
- [F.44. uuid-ossp](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/uuid-ossp.md)
- [G. Additional Supplied Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs.md)
- [G.1. Client Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [vacuumlo](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/vacuumlo.md)
- [G.2. Server Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [H. 外部專案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an.md)
- [H.1. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.1.-yong-hu-duan-jie-mian.md)
- [H.2. Administration Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.2.-administration-tools.md)
- [H.3. Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.3.-procedural-languages.md)
- [H.4. Extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.4.-extensions.md)
- [I. The Source Code Repository](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/the-source-code-repository.md)
- [I.1. Getting The Source via Git](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/the-source-code-repository/getting-the-source-via-git.md)
- [J. 文件取得](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/documentation.md)
- [K. PostgreSQL Limits](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/postgresql-limits.md)
- [L. 縮寫字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/acronyms.md)
- [M. Glossary](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/glossary.md)
- [N. 色彩支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/color-support.md)
- [N.1. When Color is Used](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/color-support/when-color-is-used.md)
- [N.2. Configuring the Colors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/appendixes/color-support/configuring-the-colors.md)
- [參考書目](https://docs.postgresql.tw/13/bibliography.md)

## 14

- [簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/readme.md): 本使用手冊由台灣 PostgreSQL 社群提供，翻譯自 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，以推廣 PostgreSQL 於台灣的應用。
- [前言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/preface.md)
- [1. 什麼是 PostgreSQL？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/preface/01_intro-whatis.md)
- [2. PostgreSQL 沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/preface/02_history.md)
- [3. 慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/preface/03_notation.md)
- [4. 其他參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/preface/04_resources.md)
- [5. 問題回報指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/preface/05_bug-reporting.md)
- [I. 新手教學](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial.md)
- [1. 入門指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/getting-started.md)
- [1.1. 安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/getting-started/installation.md): 版本：11
- [1.2. 基礎架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/getting-started/architectural-fundamentals.md): 版本：11
- [1.3. 建立一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/getting-started/creating-a-database.md)
- [1.4. 存取一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/getting-started/accessing-a-database.md)
- [2. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language.md)
- [2.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/introduction.md)
- [2.2. 概念](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/concepts.md)
- [2.3. 創建一個新的資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/creating-a-new-table.md)
- [2.4. 資料列是資料表的組成單位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/populating-a-table-with-rows.md)
- [2.5. 資料表的查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/querying-a-table.md)
- [2.6. 交叉查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/joins-between-tables.md)
- [2.7. 彙總查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/aggregate-functions.md)
- [2.8. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/updates.md)
- [2.9. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/the-sql-language/deletions.md)
- [3. 先進功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features.md)
- [3.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features/introduction.md)
- [3.2. 檢視表（View）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features/views.md)
- [3.3. 外部索引鍵](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features/foreign-keys.md)
- [3.4. 交易安全](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features/transactions.md)
- [3.5. 窗函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features/window-functions.md)
- [3.6. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features/inheritance.md)
- [3.7. 結論](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/tutorial/advanced-features/conclusion.md)
- [II. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language.md)
- [4. SQL 語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/sql-syntax.md)
- [4.1. 語法結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/lexical-structure.md)
- [4.2. 參數表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/value-expressions.md)
- [4.3. 函數呼叫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/4.3.-han-shu-hu-jiao.md)
- [5. 定義資料結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl.md)
- [5.1. 認識資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/table-basics.md)
- [5.2. 預設值](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/default-values.md)
- [5.3. Generated Columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/generated-columns.md)
- [5.4. 限制條件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/constraints.md)
- [5.5. 系統欄位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/system-columns.md)
- [5.6. 表格變更](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/modifying-tables.md)
- [5.7. 權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/privileges.md)
- [5.8. 資料列安全原則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/row-security-policies.md)
- [5.9. Schemas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/schemas.md)
- [5.10. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/inheritance.md)
- [5.11. 分割資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/table-partitioning.md)
- [5.12. 外部資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/foreign-data.md)
- [5.13. 其他資料庫物件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/other-database-objects.md)
- [5.14. 相依性追蹤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/ddl/dependency-tracking.md)
- [6. 資料處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-manipulation.md)
- [6.1. 新增資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.1.-xin-zeng-zi-liao.md)
- [6.2. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.2.-geng-xin-zi-liao.md)
- [6.3. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.3.-shan-chu-zi-liao.md)
- [6.4. 修改並回傳資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/returning-data-from-modified-rows.md)
- [7. 資料查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries.md)
- [7.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/overview.md)
- [7.2. 資料表表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/table-expressions.md)
- [7.3. 取得資料列表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/select-lists.md)
- [7.4. 合併查詢結果](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/combining-queries.md)
- [7.5. 資料排序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/sorting-rows.md)
- [7.6. LIMIT 和 OFFSET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/limit-and-offset.md)
- [7.7. VALUES 列舉資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/values-lists.md)
- [7.8. WITH Querys（Common Table Expressions）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/queries/with-queries.md)
- [8. 資料型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types.md)
- [8.1. 數字型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/numeric-types.md)
- [8.2. 貨幣型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/monetary-types.md)
- [8.3. 字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/character-types.md)
- [8.4. 位元組型別（bytea）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/binary.md)
- [8.5. 日期時間型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/date-time.md)
- [8.6. 布林型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/boolean-type.md)
- [8.7. 列舉型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/enumerated-types.md)
- [8.8. 地理資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/geometric-types.md)
- [8.9. 網路資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/network-address-types.md)
- [8.10. 位元字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/bit-string-types.md)
- [8.11. 全文檢索型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/text-search-types.md)
- [8.12. UUID 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/uuid-type.md)
- [8.13. XML 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/xml-type.md)
- [8.14. JSON 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/json-types.md)
- [8.15. 陣列](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/arrays.md)
- [8.16. 複合型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/composite-types.md)
- [8.17. 範圍型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/range-types.md): 版本：11
- [8.18. Domain Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/domain-types.md)
- [8.19. 物件指標型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/object-identifier-types.md)
- [8.20. pg\_lsn 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/pg_lsn-type.md)
- [8.21. 概念型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/data-types/pseudo-types.md)
- [9. 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.1. 邏輯運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/logical-operators.md)
- [9.2. 比較函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/comparison-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.3. 數學函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/mathematical-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.4. 字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.5. 位元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/binary-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.6. 二元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/bit-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.7. 特徵比對](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/pattern-matching.md): 版本：11
- [9.8. 型別轉換函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/data-type-formatting-functions.md)
- [9.9 日期時間函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/date-time-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.10. 列舉型別函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/enum-support-functions.md)
- [9.11. 地理資訊函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/geometric-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.12. 網路位址函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/network-address-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.13. 文字檢索函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/text-search-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.14. UUID Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/uuid-functions.md)
- [9.15. XML 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/xml.md): 版本：11
- [9.16. JSON 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/json-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.17. 序列函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/sequence-manipulation-functions.md)
- [9.18. 條件表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/conditional-expressions.md)
- [9.19. 陣列函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/array-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.20. 範圍函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/range-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.21. 彙總函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/aggregate-functions.md): 版本：11
- [9.22. Window 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/window-functions.md)
- [9.23. 子查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/subquery-expressions.md)
- [9.24. 資料列與陣列的比較運算](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/row-and-array-comparisons.md)
- [9.25. 集合回傳函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/set-returning-functions.md)
- [9.26. 系統資訊函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-information-functions.md)
- [9.27. 系統管理函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-administration.md)
- [9.28. 觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/trigger-functions.md)
- [9.29. 事件觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/event-trigger-functions.md)
- [9.30. Statistics Information Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/statistics-information-functions.md)
- [10. 型別轉換](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/type-conversion.md)
- [10.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [10.2. 運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.2.-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [10.3. 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.3.-han-shi.md)
- [10.4. 資料儲存轉換規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/type-conversion/value-storage.md): 版本：11
- [10.5. UNION、CASE 等相關結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/type-conversion/union-case-and-related-constructs.md)
- [10.6. SELECT 輸出規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.6.-select-shu-chu-gui-ze.md)
- [11. 索引（Index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index.md)
- [11.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/introduction.md)
- [11.2. 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/index-types.md)
- [11.3. 多欄位索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/multicolumn-indexes.md)
- [11.4. 索引與 ORDER BY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-order-by.md)
- [11.5. 善用多個索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/combining-multiple-indexes.md)
- [11.6. 唯一值索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/unique-indexes.md)
- [11.7. 表示式索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/indexes-on-expressions.md)
- [11.8. 部份索引（partial index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/partial-indexes.md)
- [11.9. Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/index-only-scans-and-covering-indexes.md)
- [11.10. 運算子物件及家族](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/operator-classes-and-operator-families.md)
- [11.11. 索引與排序規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-collations.md)
- [11.12. 檢查索引運用](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/index/examining-index-usage.md)
- [12. 全文檢索](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo.md)
- [12.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [12.2. 查詢與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.2.-cha-xun-yu-suo-yin.md)
- [12.3. 細部控制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.3.-xi-bu-kong-zhi.md)
- [12.4. 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.4.-yan-shen-gong-neng.md)
- [12.5. 斷詞](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.5.-duan-ci.md)
- [12.6. 字典](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.6.-zi-dian.md)
- [12.7. 組態範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.7.-zu-tai-fan-li.md)
- [12.8. 測試與除錯](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.8.-ce-shi-yu-chu-cuo.md)
- [12.9. GIN 及 GiST 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.9.-gin-ji-gist-suo-yin-xing-bie.md)
- [12.10. psql支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.10.-psql-zhi-yuan.md)
- [12.11. 功能限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.11.-gong-neng-xian-zhi.md)
- [13. 一致性管理（MVCC）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/concurrency-control.md)
- [13.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/introduction.md)
- [13.2. 交易隔離](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/transaction-isolation.md)
- [13.3. 鎖定模式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/explicit-locking.md)
- [13.4. 在應用端檢視資料一致性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/data-consistency-checks-at-the-application-level.md)
- [13.5. 特別注意](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/caveats.md)
- [13.6. 鎖定與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/locking-and-indexes.md)
- [14. 效能技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/performance-tips.md)
- [14.1. 善用 EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/performance-tips/using-explain.md)
- [14.2. 統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/performance-tips/statistics-used-by-the-planner.md)
- [14.3. 使用確切的 JOIN 方式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/performance-tips/controlling-the-planner-with-explicit-join-clauses.md)
- [14.4. 快速建立資料庫內容](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/performance-tips/populating-a-database.md)
- [14.5. 風險性彈性設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/performance-tips/non-durable-settings.md)
- [15. 平行查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/parallel-query.md)
- [15.1. 如何運作？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/parallel-query/how-parallel-query-works.md)
- [15.2. 啓用時機？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/parallel-query/when-can-parallel-query-be-used.md)
- [15.3. 平行查詢計畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-plans.md)
- [15.4. 平行查詢的安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-safety.md)
- [III. 系統管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration.md)
- [16. Installation from Binaries](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-binaries.md)
- [17. 用原始碼安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code.md)
- [16.1. Short Version](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/short-version.md)
- [16.2. Requirements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/requirements.md)
- [16.3. Getting The Source](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/getting-the-source.md)
- [16.4. 安裝流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/installation-procedure.md)
- [16.5. Post-Installation Setup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/post-installation-setup.md)
- [16.6. Supported Platforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/supported-platforms.md)
- [16.7. 平台相關的注意事項](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/platform-specific-notes.md)
- [18. 用原始碼在 Windows 上安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows.md)
- [17.1. Building with Visual C++ or the Microsoft Windows SDK](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows/17.1.-building-with-visual-c++-or-the-microsoft-windows-sdk.md)
- [19. 服務配置與維運](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation.md)
- [18.1. PostgreSQL 使用者帳號](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.1.-postgresql-shi-yong-zhe-zhang-hao.md)
- [18.2. Creating a Database Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/creating-a-database-cluster.md)
- [18.3. Starting the Database Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/starting-the-database-server.md)
- [18.4. 核心資源管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/managing-kernel-resources.md)
- [18.5. Shutting Down the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/shutting-down-the-server.md)
- [18.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.6.-upgrading-a-postgresql-cluster.md)
- [18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/preventing-server-spoofing.md)
- [18.8. Encryption Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/encryption-options.md)
- [18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssl.md)
- [18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-gssapi-encryption.md)
- [18.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssh-tunnels.md)
- [18.12. 在 Windows 註冊事件日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.11.-zai-windows-zhu-ce-shi-jian-ri-zhi.md)
- [20. 服務組態設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration.md)
- [19.1. Setting Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/setting-parameters.md)
- [19.2. File Locations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/file-locations.md)
- [19.3. 連線與認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/connections-and-authentication.md)
- [19.4. 資源配置](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/resource-consumption.md)
- [19.5. Write Ahead Log](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/write-ahead-log.md)
- [19.6. 複寫（Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/replication.md): 版本：11
- [19.7. 查詢規畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/query-planning.md): 版本：11
- [19.8. 錯誤回報與日誌記錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/error-reporting-and-logging.md)
- [19.9. 執行階段統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/run-time-statistics.md)
- [19.10. 自動資料庫清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/automatic-vacuuming.md)
- [20.11. 用戶端連線預設參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/client-connection-defaults.md)
- [19.12. 交易鎖定管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/19.12.-jiao-yi-suo-ding-guan-li.md)
- [19.13. 版本與平台的相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/19.13.-ban-ben-yu-ping-tai-de-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [19.14. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/error-handling.md)
- [19.15. 預先配置的參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/19.15.-yu-xian-pei-zhi-de-can-shu.md)
- [19.16. Customized Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/customized-options.md)
- [19.17. Developer Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/developer-options.md)
- [19.18. Short Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/server-configuration/short-options.md)
- [21. 使用者認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication.md)
- [20.1. 設定檔：pg\_hba.conf](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/the-pg_hba.conf-file.md): 版本：11
- [20.2. User Name Maps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/user-name-maps.md)
- [20.3. Authentication Methods](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-methods.md)
- [20.4. Trust Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/trust-authentication.md)
- [20.5. Password Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/password-authentication.md)
- [20.6. GSSAPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/gssapi-authentication.md)
- [20.7. SSPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/sspi-authentication.md)
- [20.8. Ident Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/ident-authentication.md)
- [20.9. Peer Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/peer-authentication.md)
- [20.10. LDAP Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/ldap-authentication.md)
- [20.11. RADIUS Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/radius-authentication.md)
- [20.12. Certificate Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/certificate-authentication.md)
- [20.13. PAM Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/client-authentication/pam-authentication.md)
- [22. 資料庫角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/database-roles.md)
- [22.1. Database Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/database-roles/database-roles.md)
- [22.2. Role Attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/database-roles/role-attributes.md)
- [22.3. Role Membership](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/database-roles/role-membership.md)
- [22.4. 移除角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/database-roles/dropping-roles.md)
- [22.5. Default Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/database-roles/default-roles.md)
- [22.6. Function Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/database-roles/function-security.md)
- [23. Managing Databases](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/managing-databases.md)
- [22.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/managing-databases/overview.md)
- [22.2. Creating a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/managing-databases/creating-a-database.md)
- [22.3. 樣版資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/managing-databases/template-databases.md): 版本：11
- [22.4. Database Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/managing-databases/database-configuration.md)
- [22.5. Destroying a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/managing-databases/destroying-a-database.md)
- [22.6. Tablespaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/managing-databases/tablespaces.md)
- [24. 語系](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/localization.md)
- [23.1. 語系支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/localization/locale-support.md): 版本：11
- [23.2. Collation Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/localization/collation-support.md)
- [23.3. 字元集支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/localization/character-set-support.md)
- [25. 例行性資料庫維護工作](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks.md)
- [25.1. 例行性資料清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-vacuuming.md)
- [25.2. 定期重建索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-reindexing.md)
- [25.3. Log 檔案維護](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/log-file-maintenance.md)
- [26. 備份及還原](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/backup-and-restore.md)
- [25.1. SQL Dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/backup-and-restore/sql-dump.md)
- [25.2. 檔案系統層級備份](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/backup-and-restore/file-system-level-backup.md)
- [25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/backup-and-restore/continuous-archiving-and-point-in-time-recovery-pitr.md)
- [27. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication.md)
- [26.1. 比較不同的解決方案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/comparison-of-different-solutions.md)
- [26.2. 日誌轉送備用伺服器 Log-Shipping Standby Servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/log-shipping-standby-servers.md): 版本：11
- [26.3. Failover](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/failover.md)
- [26.4. Alternative Method for Log Shipping](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.4.-alternative-method-for-log-shipping.md)
- [26.5. Hot Standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/26.5.-hot-standby.md)
- [28. 監控資料庫活動](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity.md)
- [27.1. Standard Unix Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/standard-unix-tools.md)
- [27.2. 統計資訊收集器](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/the-statistics-collector.md): 版本：11
- [27.3. Viewing Locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/viewing-locks.md)
- [27.4. Progress Reporting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/progress-reporting.md)
- [27.5. Dynamic Tracing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/dynamic-tracing.md)
- [29. 監控磁碟使用情況](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage.md)
- [28.1. 瞭解磁碟使用情形](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/determining-disk-usage.md)
- [28.2. 磁碟空間不足錯誤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/disk-full-failure.md)
- [30. 高可靠度及預寫日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log.md)
- [29.1. 可靠度](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/reliability.md)
- [29.2. Write-Ahead Logging（WAL）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/write-ahead-logging-wal.md)
- [29.3. Asynchronous Commit](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/asynchronous-commit.md)
- [29.4. WAL Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-configuration.md)
- [29.5. WAL Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-internals.md)
- [31. 邏輯複寫（Logical Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication.md)
- [30.1. 發佈（Publication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/publication.md)
- [30.2. 訂閱（Subscription）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/subscription.md)
- [30.3. 衝突處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/conflicts.md)
- [30.4. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/restrictions.md)
- [30.5. 架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/architecture.md)
- [30.6. 監控](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/monitoring.md)
- [30.7. 安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/security.md)
- [30.8. 系統設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/configuration-settings.md)
- [30.9. 快速設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/logical-replication/quick-setup.md)
- [32. Just-in-Time Compilation（JIT）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation.md)
- [31.1. What is JIT compilation?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/what-is-jit-compilation.md)
- [31.2. When to JIT?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/when-to-jit.md)
- [31.3. Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/configuration.md)
- [31.4. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/extensibility.md)
- [33. 迴歸測試](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/regression-tests.md)
- [32.1. Running the Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/regression-tests/32.1.-running-the-tests.md)
- [32.2. Test Evaluation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/regression-tests/32.2.-test-evaluation.md)
- [32.3. Variant Comparison Files](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/regression-tests/32.3.-variant-comparison-files.md)
- [32.4. TAP Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/regression-tests/32.4.-tap-tests.md)
- [32.5. Test Coverage Examination](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-administration/regression-tests/32.5.-test-coverage-examination.md)
- [IV. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces.md)
- [33. libpq - C Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library.md)
- [33.1. 資料庫連線控制函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/database-connection-control-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.2. 連線狀態函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.3. Command Execution Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions-2.md)
- [33.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/asynchronous-command-processing.md)
- [33.5. Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/retrieving-query-results-row-by-row.md)
- [33.6. Canceling Queries in Progress](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.6.-canceling-queries-in-progress.md)
- [33.7. The Fast-Path Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.7.-the-fast-path-interface.md)
- [33.8. Asynchronous Notification](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.8.-asynchronous-notification.md)
- [33.9. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.9.-functions-associated-with-the-copy-command.md)
- [33.10. Control Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/control-functions.md)
- [33.11. Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.11.-miscellaneous-functions.md)
- [33.12. Notice Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.12.-notice-processing.md)
- [33.13. Event System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.13.-event-system.md)
- [33.14. 環境變數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/environment-variables.md): 版本：11
- [33.15. 密碼檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.15.-mi-ma-dang.md)
- [33.16. The Connection Service File](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.16.-the-connection-service-file.md)
- [33.17. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.17.-ldap-lookup-of-connection-parameters.md)
- [33.18. SSL Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.18.-ssl-support.md)
- [33.19. Behavior in Threaded Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.19.-behavior-in-threaded-programs.md)
- [33.20. Building libpq Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.20.-building-libpq-programs.md)
- [33.21. Example Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/example-programs.md)
- [34. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects.md)
- [35.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.1.-introduction.md)
- [35.2. Implementation Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.2.-implementation-features.md)
- [35.3. Client Interfaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.3.-client-interfaces.md)
- [35.4. Server-side Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.4.-server-side-functions.md)
- [35.5. Example Program](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.5.-example-program.md)
- [35. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c.md)
- [35.1. The Concept](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/the-concept.md)
- [35.2. Managing Database Connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.2.-managing-database-connections.md)
- [35.3. Running SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.3.-running-sql-commands.md)
- [35.4. Using Host Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.4.-using-host-variables.md)
- [35.5. Dynamic SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.5.-dynamic-sql.md)
- [35.6. pgtypes Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.6.-pgtypes-library.md)
- [35.7. Using Descriptor Areas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.7.-using-descriptor-areas.md)
- [35.8. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.8.-error-handling.md)
- [35.9. Preprocessor Directives](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.9.-preprocessor-directives.md)
- [35.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.10.-processing-embedded-sql-programs.md)
- [35.11. Library Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.11.-library-functions.md)
- [35.12. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.12.-large-objects.md)
- [35.13. C++ Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.13.-c++-applications.md)
- [35.14. Embedded SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.14.-embedded-sql-commands.md)
- [35.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.15.-informix-compatibility-mode.md)
- [35.16. Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.16.-internals.md)
- [36. The Information Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema.md)
- [36.1. The Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/the-schema.md)
- [36.2. Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data-types.md)
- [36.3. information\_schema\_catalog\_name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/information_schema_catalog_name.md)
- [36.4. administrable\_role\_authorizations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/administrable_role_authorizations.md)
- [36.5. applicable\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/applicable_roles.md)
- [36.6. attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/attributes.md)
- [36.7. character\_sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/character_sets.md)
- [36.8. check\_constraint\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraint_routine_usage.md)
- [36.9. check\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraints.md)
- [36.10. collations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collations.md)
- [36.11. collation\_character\_set\_applicability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.11.-collation_character_set_applicability.md)
- [36.12. column\_domain\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.12.-column_domain_usage.md)
- [36.13. column\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.13.-column_options.md)
- [36.14. column\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.14.-column_privileges.md)
- [36.16. column\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_udt_usage.md)
- [36.17. columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/columns.md)
- [36.18. constraint\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_column_usage.md)
- [37.18. constraint\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.18.-constraint_table_usage.md)
- [37.19. data\_type\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.19.-data_type_privileges.md)
- [37.20. domain\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.20.-domain_constraints.md)
- [37.21. domain\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.21.-domain_udt_usage.md)
- [37.22. domains](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.22.-domains.md)
- [37.23. element\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.23.-element_types.md)
- [37.24. enabled\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.24.-enabled_roles.md)
- [37.25. foreign\_data\_wrapper\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.25.-foreign_data_wrapper_options.md)
- [37.26. foreign\_data\_wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.26.-foreign_data_wrappers.md)
- [37.27. foreign\_server\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.27.-foreign_server_options.md)
- [37.28. foreign\_servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.28.-foreign_servers.md)
- [37.29. foreign\_table\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.29.-foreign_table_options.md)
- [37.30. foreign\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.30.-foreign_tables.md)
- [36.32. key\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/key_column_usage.md)
- [36.33. parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/parameters.md)
- [36.34. referential\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/referential_constraints.md)
- [37.34. role\_column\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.34.-role_column_grants.md)
- [37.35. role\_routine\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.35.-role_routine_grants.md)
- [36.37. role\_table\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_table_grants.md)
- [37.37. role\_udt\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.37.-role_udt_grants.md)
- [37.38. role\_usage\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.38.-role_usage_grants.md)
- [37.39. routine\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.39.-routine_privileges.md)
- [37.40. routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.40.-routines.md)
- [36.42. schemata](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/schemata.md)
- [37.42. sequences](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.42.-sequences.md)
- [37.43. sql\_features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.43.-sql_features.md)
- [37.44. sql\_implementation\_info](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.44.-sql_implementation_info.md)
- [37.45. sql\_languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.45.-sql_languages.md)
- [37.46. sql\_packages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.46.-sql_packages.md)
- [37.47. sql\_parts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.47.-sql_parts.md)
- [37.48. sql\_sizing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.48.-sql_sizing.md)
- [37.49. sql\_sizing\_profiles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.49.-sql_sizing_profiles.md)
- [36.51. table\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/table_constraints.md)
- [36.49. table\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.51.-table_privileges.md)
- [37.52. tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.52.-tables.md)
- [37.53. transforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.53.-transforms.md)
- [37.54. triggered\_update\_columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.54.-triggered_update_columns.md)
- [37.55. triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.55.-triggers.md)
- [37.56. udt\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.56.-udt_privileges.md)
- [37.57. usage\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.57.-usage_privileges.md)
- [37.58. user\_defined\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.58.-user_defined_types.md)
- [37.59. user\_mapping\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.59.-user_mapping_options.md)
- [37.60. user\_mappings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.60.-user_mappings.md)
- [37.61. view\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.61.-view_column_usage.md)
- [37.62. view\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.62.-view_routine_usage.md)
- [37.63. view\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.63.-view_table_usage.md)
- [37.64. views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.64.-views.md)
- [V. 資料庫程式設計](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming.md)
- [38. SQL 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql.md): 版本：11
- [38.1. How Extensibility Works](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/37.1.-how-extensibility-works.md): 版本：11
- [37.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/37.2.-the-postgresql-type-system.md): 版本：11
- [37.3. 使用者自訂函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-functions.md): 版本：11
- [37.4. User-defined Procedures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-procedures.md): 版本：11
- [37.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/query-language-sql-functions.md): 版本：11
- [37.6. Function Overloading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/function-overloading.md): 版本：11
- [37.7. 函數易變性類別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/function-volatility-categories.md): 版本：11
- [37.8. Procedural Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/procedural-language-functions.md): 版本：11
- [37.9. Internal Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/internal-functions.md)
- [37.10. C-Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/c-language-functions.md): 版本：11
- [37.11. Function Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/function-optimization-information.md)
- [37.12. User-defined Aggregates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-aggregates.md): 版本：11
- [37.13. User-defined Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-types.md): 版本：11
- [37.14. User-defined Operators](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-operators.md): 版本：11
- [37.15. Operator Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/operator-optimization-information.md): 版本：11
- [38.16. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/interfacing-extensions-to-indexes.md): 版本：11
- [37.17. 封裝相關物件到延伸功能中](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/packaging-related-objects-into-an-extension.md): 版本：11
- [37.18. Extension Building Infrastructure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/extending-sql/extension-building-infrastructure.md): 版本：11
- [38. Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/triggers.md)
- [38.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/triggers/overview-of-trigger-behavior.md)
- [38.2. Visibility of Data Changes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/triggers/visibility-of-data-changes.md)
- [38.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/triggers/writing-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [38.4. A Complete Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/triggers/a-complete-trigger-example.md)
- [39. Event Triggers (事件觸發)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/event-triggers.md)
- [39.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/event-triggers/overview-of-event-trigger-behavior.md)
- [39.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/event-triggers/event-trigger-firing-matrix.md)
- [39.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/event-triggers/writing-event-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [39.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/event-triggers/a-complete-event-trigger-example.md)
- [40. 規則系統](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system.md)
- [40.1. The Query Tree](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system/the-query-tree.md)
- [40.2. Views and the Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system/views-and-the-rule-system.md)
- [40.3. Materialized Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system/materialized-views.md)
- [40.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-on-insert-update-and-delete.md)
- [40.5. 規則及權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-privileges.md)
- [40.6. Rules and Command Status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-command-status.md)
- [40.7. Rules Versus Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-versus-triggers.md)
- [41. Procedural Languages（程序語言）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/procedural-languages.md)
- [41.1. Installing Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/procedural-languages/installing-procedural-languages.md)
- [41.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/procedural-languages/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [41.5. Basic Statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/procedural-languages/42.5.-basic-statements.md)
- [41.11. 深入了解 PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/procedural-languages/pl-pgsql-under-the-hood.md)
- [42. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language.md)
- [42.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/overview.md)
- [42.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [42.3. Declarations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/declarations.md)
- [42.4. Expressions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/expressions.md)
- [42.5. 基本語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/basic-statements.md): 版本：11
- [42.6. Control Structures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/control-structures.md)
- [43. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-tcl-tcl-procedural-language.md)
- [44. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-perl-perl-procedural-language.md)
- [45. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1.md)
- [45.1. Python 2 vs. Python 3](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/python-2-vs.-python-3.md)
- [45.2. PL/Python Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/pl-python-functions.md)
- [45.3. Data Values](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/data-values.md)
- [45.4. Sharing Data](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/sharing-data.md)
- [45.5. Anonymous Code Blocks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/anonymous-code-blocks.md)
- [45.6. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/trigger-functions.md)
- [45.7. Database Access](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/database-access.md)
- [45.8. Explicit Subtransactions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/explicit-subtransactions.md)
- [45.9. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/transaction-management.md)
- [45.10. Utility Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/utility-functions.md)
- [45.11. Environment Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/environment-variables.md)
- [46. Server Programming Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/server-programming-interface.md)
- [47. Background Worker Processes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/background-worker-processes.md)
- [48. Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding.md)
- [48.1. Logical Decoding Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-examples.md)
- [48.2. Logical Decoding Concepts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-concepts.md)
- [48.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/streaming-replication-protocol-interface.md)
- [48.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-sql-interface.md)
- [48.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/system-catalogs-related-to-logical-decoding.md)
- [48.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-plugins.md)
- [48.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-writers.md)
- [48.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/logical-decoding/synchronous-replication-support-for-logical-decoding.md)
- [49. Replication Progress Tracking](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/server-programming/replication-progress-tracking.md)
- [VI. 參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference.md)
- [I. SQL 指令](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands.md)
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-database.md)
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-default-privileges.md)
- [ALTER EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-extension.md)
- [ALTER FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-function.md)
- [ALTER INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-index.md)
- [ALTER LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-language.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-materialized-view.md)
- [ALTER POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-policy.md)
- [ALTER PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-publication.md)
- [ALTER ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-role.md)
- [ALTER RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-rule.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-schema.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-sequence.md)
- [ALTER STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-subscription.md)
- [ALTER SYSTEM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-system.md)
- [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-table.md)
- [ALTER TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-tablespace.md)
- [ALTER TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-trigger.md)
- [ALTER TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-type.md)
- [ALTER USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-user.md)
- [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/alter-view.md)
- [ANALYZE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/analyze.md)
- [CLUSTER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/cluster.md)
- [COMMENT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/comment.md)
- [COMMIT PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/commit-prepared.md)
- [COPY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/copy.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-access-method.md)
- [CREATE CAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-cast.md)
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-database.md)
- [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-event-trigger.md)
- [CREATE EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-extension.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-table.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-function.md)
- [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-index.md)
- [CREATE LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-language.md)
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-materialized-view.md)
- [CREATE DOMAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-domain.md)
- [CREATE POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-policy.md)
- [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-procedure.md)
- [CREATE PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-publication.md)
- [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-role.md)
- [CREATE RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-rule.md)
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-schema.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SERVER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-server.md)
- [CREATE STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-subscription.md)
- [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-table.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TABLE AS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-table-as.md)
- [CREATE TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-tablespace.md)
- [CREATE TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-transform.md)
- [CREATE TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-trigger.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-type.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-user.md)
- [CREATE USER MAPPING](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-user-mapping.md)
- [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/create-view.md)
- [DEALLOCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/deallocate.md)
- [DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/delete.md)
- [DO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/do.md): 版本：11
- [DROP ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-access-method.md)
- [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-database.md)
- [DROP EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-extension.md)
- [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-function.md)
- [DROP INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-index.md)
- [DROP LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-language.md): 版本：11
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-materialized-view.md)
- [DROP OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-owned.md)
- [DROP POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-policy.md)
- [DROP PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-publication.md)
- [DROP ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-role.md)
- [DROP RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-rule.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-schema.md)
- [DROP SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-sequence.md)
- [DROP STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-subscription.md)
- [DROP TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-table.md)
- [DROP TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-tablespace.md)
- [DROP TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-transform.md)
- [DROP TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-trigger.md)
- [DROP TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-type.md)
- [DROP USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-user.md)
- [DROP VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/drop-view.md)
- [EXECUTE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/execute.md)
- [EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/explain.md)
- [GRANT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/grant.md)
- [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/import-foreign-schema.md)
- [INSERT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/insert.md)
- [LISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/listen.md)
- [LOAD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/load.md)
- [NOTIFY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/notify.md)
- [PREPARE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/prepare.md)
- [PREPARE TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/prepare-transaction.md)
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/reassign-owned.md)
- [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/refresh-materialized-view.md)
- [REINDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/reindex.md)
- [RESET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/reset.md)
- [REVOKE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/revoke.md)
- [ROLLBACK PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/rollback-prepared.md)
- [SECURITY LABEL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/security-label.md)
- [SELECT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/select.md): 版本：11
- [SELECT INTO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/select-into.md)
- [SET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/set.md)
- [SET CONSTRAINTS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/set-constraints.md)
- [SET ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/set-role.md)
- [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/set-session-authorization.md)
- [SET TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/set-transaction.md)
- [SHOW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/show.md)
- [TRUNCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/truncate.md)
- [UNLISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/unlisten.md)
- [UPDATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/update.md)
- [VACUUM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/vacuum.md)
- [VALUES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/sql-commands/values.md)
- [II. PostgreSQL 用戶端工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications.md)
- [createdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/createdb.md)
- [createuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/createuser.md)
- [dropdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/dropdb.md)
- [dropuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/dropuser.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [pgbench](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pgbench.md)
- [pg\_basebackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_basebackup.md)
- [pg\_dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_dump.md)
- [pg\_dumpall](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_dumpall.md)
- [pg\_isready](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_isready.md)
- [pg\_receivewal](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_receivewal.md)
- [pg\_recvlogical](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_recvlogical.md)
- [pg\_restore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_restore.md)
- [pg\_verifybackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/pg_verifybackup.md)
- [psql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/psql.md)
- [vacuumdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/client-applications/vacuumdb.md)
- [III. PostgreSQL 伺服器應用程式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications.md)
- [initdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications/initdb.md)
- [pg\_archivecleanup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications/pg_archivecleanup.md)
- [pg\_ctl](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications/pg_ctl.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [pg\_test\_timing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications/pg_test_timing.md)
- [pg\_upgrade](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications/pg_upgrade.md)
- [postgres](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/reference/server-applications/postgres.md)
- [VII. 資料庫進階](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals.md)
- [50. PostgreSQL 的內部架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals.md)
- [50.1. 處理查詢語句的流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-path-of-a-query.md)
- [50.2. How Connections Are Established](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/how-connections-are-established.md)
- [50.3. The Parser Stage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-parser-stage.md)
- [50.4. The PostgreSQL Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/50.4.-the-postgresql-rule-system.md)
- [50.5. Planner/Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/planner-optimizer.md)
- [50.6. Executor](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/executor.md)
- [51. 系統目錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs.md)
- [51.3. pg\_am](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_am.md)
- [51.7. pg\_attribute](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_attribute.md)
- [51.8. pg\_authid](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_authid.md)
- [51.9. pg\_auth\_members](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_auth_members.md)
- [51.10. pg\_cast](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_cast.md)
- [51.11 pg\_class](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_class.md): 版本：11
- [51.12. pg\_collation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_collation.md)
- [51.13. pg\_constraint](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_constraint.md)
- [51.15 pg\_database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_database.md)
- [51.21. pg\_event\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_event_trigger.md)
- [51.22. pg\_extension](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_extension.md)
- [51.26 pg\_index](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_index.md)
- [51.29. pg\_language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_language.md): 版本：11
- [51.32. pg\_namespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_namespace.md): 版本：11
- [51.33. pg\_opclass](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_opclass.md)
- [51.38. pg\_policy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_policy.md)
- [51.39. pg\_proc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_proc.md): 版本：11
- [51.44. pg\_rewrite](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/51.44.-pg_rewrite.md)
- [51.49. pg\_statistic](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic.md)
- [51.50. pg\_statistic\_ext](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic_ext.md): 版本：11
- [51.52. pg\_subscription](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription.md)
- [51.53. pg\_subscription\_rel](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription_rel.md)
- [51.54. pg\_tablespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/51.54.-pg_tablespace.md)
- [51.56. pg\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/51.56.-pg_trigger.md)
- [51.62. pg\_type](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_type.md)
- [51.66. pg\_available\_extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extensions.md)
- [51.67. pg\_available\_extension\_versions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extension_versions.md)
- [51.71. pg\_hba\_file\_rules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_hba_file_rules.md)
- [51.72. pg\_indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_indexes.md)
- [51.73. pg\_locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_locks.md)
- [51.77. pg\_prepared\_xacts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_prepared_xacts.md)
- [51.79. pg\_replication\_origin\_status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/51.79.-pg_replication_origin_status.md)
- [51.80. pg\_replication\_slots](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_replication_slots.md)
- [51.82 pg\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_roles.md)
- [51.85. pg\_settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_settings.md)
- [51.87. pg\_shmem\_allocations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_shmem_allocations.md)
- [51.88. pg\_stats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_stats.md)
- [51.90. pg\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_tables.md)
- [51.93. pg\_user](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_user.md)
- [51.95. pg\_views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalogs/pg_views.md)
- [52. Frontend/Backend Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol.md)
- [52.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/overview.md)
- [52.2. Message Flow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.2.-message-flow.md)
- [52.3. SASL Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.3.-sasl-authentication.md)
- [52.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.5.-logical-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.6. Message Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.6.-message-data-types.md)
- [52.7. Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.7.-message-formats.md)
- [52.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.8.-error-and-notice-message-fields.md)
- [52.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.9.-logical-replication-message-formats.md)
- [52.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.10.-summary-of-changes-since-protocol-2.0.md)
- [53. PostgreSQL 程式撰寫慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions.md)
- [53.1. Formatting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.1.-formatting.md)
- [53.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.2.-reporting-errors-within-the-server.md)
- [53.3. Error Message Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.3.-error-message-style-guide.md)
- [53.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.4.-miscellaneous-coding-conventions.md)
- [54. Native Language Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/native-language-support.md)
- [54.1. For the Translator](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/native-language-support/for-the-translator.md)
- [54.2. For the Programmer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/native-language-support/for-the-programmer.md)
- [55. 撰寫程序語言的處理程序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/writing-a-procedural-language-handler.md)
- [56. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [56.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-functions.md)
- [56.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-callback-routines.md)
- [56.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-helper-functions.md)
- [56.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-query-planning.md)
- [56.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/row-locking-in-foreign-data-wrappers.md)
- [59. Genetic Query Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/genetic-query-optimizer.md)
- [59.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/query-handling-as-a-complex-optimization-problem.md)
- [59.2. Genetic Algorithms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-algorithms.md)
- [59.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-query-optimization-geqo-in-postgresql.md)
- [59.4. Further Reading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/further-reading.md)
- [60. Table Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/table-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [61. Index Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/index-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [62. Generic WAL Records](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/generic-wal-records.md)
- [64. B-Tree Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/b-tree-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/b-tree-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Behavior of B-Tree Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/b-tree-indexes/behavior-of-b-tree-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. B-Tree Support Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/b-tree-indexes/b-tree-support-functions.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/b-tree-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64. GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gist-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [65. SP-GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/sp-gist-indexes.md)
- [65.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/sp-gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [65.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/sp-gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [65.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/sp-gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [65.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/sp-gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [65.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/sp-gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [66. GIN 索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes.md)
- [66.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes/introduction.md)
- [66.2. 內建運算子類](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [66.3. 延伸介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [66.4. 實作說明](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes/implementation.md)
- [66.5. GIN 小巧技](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes/gin-tips-and-tricks.md)
- [66.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes/limitations.md)
- [66.7. 範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/gin-indexes/examples.md)
- [67. BRIN Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/brin.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/brin/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/brin/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/brin/extensibility.md)
- [68. 資料庫實體儲存格式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/database-physical-storage.md)
- [68.1. Database File Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/database-physical-storage/database-file-layout.md)
- [68.2. TOAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/database-physical-storage/toast.md): 版本：11
- [68.3. Free Space Map](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/database-physical-storage/free-space-map.md)
- [68.4 可視性映射表（Visibility Map）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/database-physical-storage/visibility-map.md)
- [68.5. The Initialization Fork](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/database-physical-storage/the-initialization-fork.md)
- [68.6. Database Page Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/database-physical-storage/database-page-layout.md)
- [69. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/system-catalog-declarations-and-initial-contents.md)
- [70. 查詢計畫如何使用統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics.md)
- [70.1. Row Estimation Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/row-estimation-examples.md)
- [70.2. 多元統計資訊範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/multivariate-statistics-examples.md): 版本：11
- [70.3. Planner Statistics and Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/planner-statistics-and-security.md)
- [71. Backup Manifest Format](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/internals/71.-backup-manifest-format.md)
- [VIII. 附錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes.md)
- [A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/postgresql-error-codes.md)
- [B. 日期時間格式支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/date-time-support.md)
- [B.1. 日期時間解譯流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/date-time-support/b.1.-ri-qi-shi-jian-jie-yi-liu-cheng.md)
- [B.2. 日期時間慣用字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-ri-qi-shi-jian-guan-yong-zi.md)
- [B.3. 日期時間設定檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/date-time-support/configuration.md)
- [B.4. 日期時間的沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/date-time-support/b.4.-ri-qi-shi-jian-de-yan-ge.md)
- [C. SQL 關鍵字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/c.-sql-guan-jian-zi.md)
- [D. SQL 相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [D.1. Supported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/supported-features.md)
- [D.2. Unsupported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.2.-unsupported-features.md)
- [D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.3.-xml-limits-and-conformance-to-sql-xml.md)
- [E. 版本資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/release-notes.md)
- [E.1. Release 14](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/release-notes/release-14.md)
- [F. 延伸支援模組](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules.md)
- [F.1. adminpack](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/adminpack.md)
- [F.2. amcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/amcheck.md)
- [F.3. auth\_delay](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auth_delay.md)
- [F.4. auto\_explain](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auto_explain.md)
- [F.5. bloom](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/bloom.md)
- [F.6. btree\_gin](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/btree_gin.md)
- [F.10. dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_connect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect.md)
- [dblink\_connect\_u](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect_u.md)
- [dblink\_disconnect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_disconnect.md)
- [dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_exec](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_exec.md)
- [dblink\_open](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_open.md)
- [dblink\_fetch](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_fetch.md)
- [dblink\_close](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_close.md)
- [dblink\_get\_connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_connections.md)
- [dblink\_error\_message](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_error_message.md)
- [dblink\_send\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_send_query.md)
- [dblink\_is\_busy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_is_busy.md)
- [dblink\_get\_notify](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_notify.md)
- [dblink\_get\_result](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_result.md)
- [dblink\_cancel\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_cancel_query.md)
- [dblink\_get\_pkey](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_pkey.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_insert](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_insert.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_delete](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_delete.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_update](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_update.md)
- [F.13. earthdistance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/earthdistance.md)
- [F.14. file\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/file_fdw.md)
- [F.16. hstore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/hstore.md)
- [F.24. pg\_buffercache](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_buffercache.md)
- [F.29. pg\_stat\_statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_stat_statements.md)
- [F.30. pgstattuple](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pgstattuple.md)
- [F.31. pg\_trgm](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_trgm.md)
- [F.32. pg\_visibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_visibility.md)
- [F.33. postgres\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/postgres_fdw.md)
- [F.35. sepgsql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/sepgsql.md)
- [F.38. tablefunc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tablefunc.md)
- [F.40. test\_decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/test_decoding.md)
- [F.41. tsm\_system\_rows](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_rows.md)
- [F.42. tsm\_system\_time](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_time.md)
- [F.44. uuid-ossp](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/uuid-ossp.md)
- [G. Additional Supplied Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs.md)
- [G.1. Client Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [vacuumlo](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/vacuumlo.md)
- [G.2. Server Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [H. 外部專案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an.md)
- [H.1. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.1.-yong-hu-duan-jie-mian.md)
- [H.2. Administration Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.2.-administration-tools.md)
- [H.3. Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.3.-procedural-languages.md)
- [H.4. Extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.4.-extensions.md)
- [I. The Source Code Repository](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/the-source-code-repository.md)
- [I.1. Getting The Source via Git](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/the-source-code-repository/getting-the-source-via-git.md)
- [J. 文件取得](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/documentation.md)
- [K. PostgreSQL Limits](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/postgresql-limits.md)
- [L. 縮寫字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/acronyms.md)
- [M. Glossary](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/glossary.md)
- [N. 色彩支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/color-support.md)
- [N.1. When Color is Used](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/color-support/when-color-is-used.md)
- [N.2. Configuring the Colors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/appendixes/color-support/configuring-the-colors.md)
- [參考書目](https://docs.postgresql.tw/14/bibliography.md)

## 15

- [簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/readme.md): 本使用手冊由台灣 PostgreSQL 社群提供，翻譯自 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，以推廣 PostgreSQL 於台灣的應用。
- [前言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/preface.md)
- [1. 什麼是 PostgreSQL？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/preface/01_intro-whatis.md)
- [2. PostgreSQL 沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/preface/02_history.md)
- [3. 慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/preface/03_notation.md)
- [4. 其他參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/preface/04_resources.md)
- [5. 問題回報指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/preface/05_bug-reporting.md)
- [I. 新手教學](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial.md)
- [1. 入門指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/getting-started.md)
- [1.1. 安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/getting-started/installation.md): 版本：11
- [1.2. 基礎架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/getting-started/architectural-fundamentals.md): 版本：11
- [1.3. 建立一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/getting-started/creating-a-database.md)
- [1.4. 存取一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/getting-started/accessing-a-database.md)
- [2. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language.md)
- [2.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/introduction.md)
- [2.2. 概念](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/concepts.md)
- [2.3. 創建一個新的資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/creating-a-new-table.md)
- [2.4. 資料列是資料表的組成單位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/populating-a-table-with-rows.md)
- [2.5. 資料表的查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/querying-a-table.md)
- [2.6. 交叉查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/joins-between-tables.md)
- [2.7. 彙總查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/aggregate-functions.md)
- [2.8. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/updates.md)
- [2.9. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/the-sql-language/deletions.md)
- [3. 先進功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features.md)
- [3.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features/introduction.md)
- [3.2. 檢視表（View）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features/views.md)
- [3.3. 外部索引鍵](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features/foreign-keys.md)
- [3.4. 交易安全](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features/transactions.md)
- [3.5. 窗函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features/window-functions.md)
- [3.6. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features/inheritance.md)
- [3.7. 結論](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/tutorial/advanced-features/conclusion.md)
- [II. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language.md)
- [4. SQL 語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/sql-syntax.md)
- [4.1. 語法結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/lexical-structure.md)
- [4.2. 參數表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/value-expressions.md)
- [4.3. 函數呼叫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/4.3.-han-shu-hu-jiao.md)
- [5. 定義資料結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl.md)
- [5.1. 認識資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/table-basics.md)
- [5.2. 預設值](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/default-values.md)
- [5.3. Generated Columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/generated-columns.md)
- [5.4. 限制條件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/constraints.md)
- [5.5. 系統欄位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/system-columns.md)
- [5.6. 表格變更](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/modifying-tables.md)
- [5.7. 權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/privileges.md)
- [5.8. 資料列安全原則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/row-security-policies.md)
- [5.9. Schemas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/schemas.md)
- [5.10. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/inheritance.md)
- [5.11. 分割資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/table-partitioning.md)
- [5.12. 外部資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/foreign-data.md)
- [5.13. 其他資料庫物件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/other-database-objects.md)
- [5.14. 相依性追蹤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/ddl/dependency-tracking.md)
- [6. 資料處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-manipulation.md)
- [6.1. 新增資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.1.-xin-zeng-zi-liao.md)
- [6.2. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.2.-geng-xin-zi-liao.md)
- [6.3. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.3.-shan-chu-zi-liao.md)
- [6.4. 修改並回傳資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/returning-data-from-modified-rows.md)
- [7. 資料查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries.md)
- [7.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/overview.md)
- [7.2. 資料表表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/table-expressions.md)
- [7.3. 取得資料列表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/select-lists.md)
- [7.4. 合併查詢結果](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/combining-queries.md)
- [7.5. 資料排序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/sorting-rows.md)
- [7.6. LIMIT 和 OFFSET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/limit-and-offset.md)
- [7.7. VALUES 列舉資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/values-lists.md)
- [7.8. WITH Querys（Common Table Expressions）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/queries/with-queries.md)
- [8. 資料型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types.md)
- [8.1. 數字型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/numeric-types.md)
- [8.2. 貨幣型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/monetary-types.md)
- [8.3. 字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/character-types.md)
- [8.4. 位元組型別（bytea）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/binary.md)
- [8.5. 日期時間型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/date-time.md)
- [8.6. 布林型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/boolean-type.md)
- [8.7. 列舉型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/enumerated-types.md)
- [8.8. 地理資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/geometric-types.md)
- [8.9. 網路資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/network-address-types.md)
- [8.10. 位元字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/bit-string-types.md)
- [8.11. 全文檢索型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/text-search-types.md)
- [8.12. UUID 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/uuid-type.md)
- [8.13. XML 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/xml-type.md)
- [8.14. JSON 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/json-types.md)
- [8.15. 陣列](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/arrays.md)
- [8.16. 複合型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/composite-types.md)
- [8.17. 範圍型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/range-types.md): 版本：11
- [8.18. Domain Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/domain-types.md)
- [8.19. 物件指標型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/object-identifier-types.md)
- [8.20. pg\_lsn 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/pg_lsn-type.md)
- [8.21. 概念型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/data-types/pseudo-types.md)
- [9. 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.1. 邏輯運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/logical-operators.md)
- [9.2. 比較函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/comparison-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.3. 數學函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/mathematical-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.4. 字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.5. 位元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/binary-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.6. 二元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/bit-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.7. 特徵比對](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/pattern-matching.md): 版本：11
- [9.8. 型別轉換函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/data-type-formatting-functions.md)
- [9.9 日期時間函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/date-time-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.10. 列舉型別函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/enum-support-functions.md)
- [9.11. 地理資訊函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/geometric-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.12. 網路位址函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/network-address-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.13. 文字檢索函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/text-search-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.14. UUID Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/uuid-functions.md)
- [9.15. XML 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/xml.md): 版本：11
- [9.16. JSON 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/json-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.17. 序列函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/sequence-manipulation-functions.md)
- [9.18. 條件表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/conditional-expressions.md)
- [9.19. 陣列函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/array-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.20. 範圍函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/range-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.21. 彙總函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/aggregate-functions.md): 版本：11
- [9.22. Window 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/window-functions.md)
- [9.23. 子查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/subquery-expressions.md)
- [9.24. 資料列與陣列的比較運算](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/row-and-array-comparisons.md)
- [9.25. 集合回傳函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/set-returning-functions.md)
- [9.26. 系統資訊函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-information-functions.md)
- [9.27. 系統管理函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-administration.md)
- [9.28. 觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/trigger-functions.md)
- [9.29. 事件觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/event-trigger-functions.md)
- [9.30. Statistics Information Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/statistics-information-functions.md)
- [10. 型別轉換](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/type-conversion.md)
- [10.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [10.2. 運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.2.-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [10.3. 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.3.-han-shi.md)
- [10.4. 資料儲存轉換規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/type-conversion/value-storage.md): 版本：11
- [10.5. UNION、CASE 等相關結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/type-conversion/union-case-and-related-constructs.md)
- [10.6. SELECT 輸出規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.6.-select-shu-chu-gui-ze.md)
- [11. 索引（Index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index.md)
- [11.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/introduction.md)
- [11.2. 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/index-types.md)
- [11.3. 多欄位索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/multicolumn-indexes.md)
- [11.4. 索引與 ORDER BY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-order-by.md)
- [11.5. 善用多個索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/combining-multiple-indexes.md)
- [11.6. 唯一值索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/unique-indexes.md)
- [11.7. 表示式索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/indexes-on-expressions.md)
- [11.8. 部份索引（partial index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/partial-indexes.md)
- [11.9. Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/index-only-scans-and-covering-indexes.md)
- [11.10. 運算子物件及家族](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/operator-classes-and-operator-families.md)
- [11.11. 索引與排序規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-collations.md)
- [11.12. 檢查索引運用](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/index/examining-index-usage.md)
- [12. 全文檢索](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo.md)
- [12.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [12.2. 查詢與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.2.-cha-xun-yu-suo-yin.md)
- [12.3. 細部控制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.3.-xi-bu-kong-zhi.md)
- [12.4. 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.4.-yan-shen-gong-neng.md)
- [12.5. 斷詞](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.5.-duan-ci.md)
- [12.6. 字典](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.6.-zi-dian.md)
- [12.7. 組態範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.7.-zu-tai-fan-li.md)
- [12.8. 測試與除錯](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.8.-ce-shi-yu-chu-cuo.md)
- [12.9. GIN 及 GiST 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.9.-gin-ji-gist-suo-yin-xing-bie.md)
- [12.10. psql支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.10.-psql-zhi-yuan.md)
- [12.11. 功能限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.11.-gong-neng-xian-zhi.md)
- [13. 一致性管理（Concurrency Control）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control.md)
- [13.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/introduction.md)
- [13.2. 交易隔離](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/transaction-isolation.md)
- [13.3. 鎖定模式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/explicit-locking.md)
- [13.4. 在應用端檢視資料一致性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/data-consistency-checks-at-the-application-level.md)
- [13.5. Serialization Failure Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/mvcc-serialization-failure-handling.md)
- [13.6. 特別提醒](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/caveats.md)
- [13.7. 鎖定與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/locking-and-indexes.md)
- [14. 效能技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/performance-tips.md)
- [14.1. 善用 EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/performance-tips/using-explain.md)
- [14.2. 統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/performance-tips/statistics-used-by-the-planner.md)
- [14.3. 使用確切的 JOIN 方式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/performance-tips/controlling-the-planner-with-explicit-join-clauses.md)
- [14.4. 快速建立資料庫內容](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/performance-tips/populating-a-database.md)
- [14.5. 風險性彈性設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/performance-tips/non-durable-settings.md)
- [15. 平行查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/parallel-query.md)
- [15.1. 如何運作？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/parallel-query/how-parallel-query-works.md)
- [15.2. 啓用時機？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/parallel-query/when-can-parallel-query-be-used.md)
- [15.3. 平行查詢計畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-plans.md)
- [15.4. 平行查詢的安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-safety.md)
- [III. 系統管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration.md)
- [16. 以預編譯套件安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-binaries.md)
- [17. 以原始碼安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code.md)
- [17.1. 簡要步驟](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/short-version.md)
- [17.2. 環境需求](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/requirements.md)
- [17.3. Getting The Source](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/getting-the-source.md)
- [17.4. 安裝流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/installation-procedure.md)
- [17.5. Post-Installation Setup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/post-installation-setup.md)
- [17.6. Supported Platforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/supported-platforms.md)
- [17.7. 平台相關的注意事項](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/platform-specific-notes.md)
- [18. 以原始碼在 Windows 上安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows.md)
- [18.1. Building with Visual C++ or the Microsoft Windows SDK](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows/17.1.-building-with-visual-c++-or-the-microsoft-windows-sdk.md)
- [19. 服務配置與維運](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation.md)
- [19.1. PostgreSQL 使用者帳號](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.1.-postgresql-shi-yong-zhe-zhang-hao.md)
- [19.2. Creating a Database Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/creating-a-database-cluster.md)
- [19.3. Starting the Database Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/starting-the-database-server.md)
- [19.4. 核心資源管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/managing-kernel-resources.md)
- [19.5. Shutting Down the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/shutting-down-the-server.md)
- [19.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.6.-upgrading-a-postgresql-cluster.md)
- [19.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/preventing-server-spoofing.md)
- [19.8. Encryption Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/encryption-options.md)
- [19.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssl.md)
- [19.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-gssapi-encryption.md)
- [19.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssh-tunnels.md)
- [19.12. 在 Windows 註冊事件日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.11.-zai-windows-zhu-ce-shi-jian-ri-zhi.md)
- [20. 服務組態設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration.md)
- [20.1. Setting Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/setting-parameters.md)
- [20.2. File Locations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/file-locations.md)
- [20.3. 連線與認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/connections-and-authentication.md)
- [20.4. 資源配置](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/resource-consumption.md)
- [20.5. Write Ahead Log](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/write-ahead-log.md)
- [20.6. 複寫（Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/replication.md)
- [20.7. 查詢規畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/query-planning.md)
- [20.8. 錯誤回報與日誌記錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/error-reporting-and-logging.md)
- [20.9. 執行階段統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/run-time-statistics.md)
- [20.10. 自動資料庫清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/automatic-vacuuming.md)
- [20.11. 用戶端連線預設參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/client-connection-defaults.md)
- [20.12. 交易鎖定管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/19.12.-jiao-yi-suo-ding-guan-li.md)
- [20.13. 版本與平台的相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/19.13.-ban-ben-yu-ping-tai-de-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [20.14. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/error-handling.md)
- [20.15. 預先配置的參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/19.15.-yu-xian-pei-zhi-de-can-shu.md)
- [20.16. Customized Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/customized-options.md)
- [20.17. Developer Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/developer-options.md)
- [20.18. Short Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/server-configuration/short-options.md)
- [21. 使用者認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication.md)
- [21.1. 設定檔：pg\_hba.conf](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/the-pg_hba.conf-file.md)
- [21.2. User Name Maps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/user-name-maps.md)
- [21.3. Authentication Methods](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-methods.md)
- [21.4. Trust Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/trust-authentication.md)
- [21.5. Password Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/password-authentication.md)
- [21.6. GSSAPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/gssapi-authentication.md)
- [21.7. SSPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/sspi-authentication.md)
- [21.8. Ident Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/ident-authentication.md)
- [21.9. Peer Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/peer-authentication.md)
- [21.10. LDAP Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/ldap-authentication.md)
- [21.11. RADIUS Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/radius-authentication.md)
- [21.12. Certificate Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/certificate-authentication.md)
- [21.13. PAM Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/pam-authentication.md)
- [21.14. BSD Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/21.14.-bsd-authentication.md)
- [21.15. Authentication Problems](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/client-authentication/21.15.-authentication-problems.md)
- [22. 資料庫角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/database-roles.md)
- [22.1. Database Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/database-roles/database-roles.md)
- [22.2. Role Attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/database-roles/role-attributes.md)
- [22.3. Role Membership](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/database-roles/role-membership.md)
- [22.4. 移除角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/database-roles/dropping-roles.md)
- [22.5. Default Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/database-roles/default-roles.md)
- [22.6. Function Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/database-roles/function-security.md)
- [23. 管理資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/managing-databases.md)
- [23.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/managing-databases/overview.md)
- [23.2. Creating a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/managing-databases/creating-a-database.md)
- [23.3. 樣版資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/managing-databases/template-databases.md)
- [23.4. Database Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/managing-databases/database-configuration.md)
- [23.5. Destroying a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/managing-databases/destroying-a-database.md)
- [23.6. Tablespaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/managing-databases/tablespaces.md)
- [24. 語系](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/localization.md)
- [24.1. 語系支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/localization/locale-support.md)
- [24.2. Collation Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/localization/collation-support.md)
- [24.3. 字元集支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/localization/character-set-support.md)
- [25. 例行性資料庫維護工作](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks.md)
- [25.1. 例行性資料清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-vacuuming.md)
- [25.2. 定期重建索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-reindexing.md)
- [25.3. Log 檔案維護](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/log-file-maintenance.md)
- [26. 備份及還原](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/backup-and-restore.md)
- [26.1. SQL Dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/backup-and-restore/sql-dump.md)
- [26.2. 檔案系統層級備份](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/backup-and-restore/file-system-level-backup.md)
- [26.3. 持續封存及 Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/backup-and-restore/continuous-archiving-and-point-in-time-recovery-pitr.md)
- [27. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication.md)
- [27.1. 比較不同的解決方案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/comparison-of-different-solutions.md)
- [27.2. 日誌轉送備用伺服器 Log-Shipping Standby Servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/log-shipping-standby-servers.md)
- [27.3. Failover](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/failover.md)
- [27.4. Hot Standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/hot-standby.md)
- [28. 監控資料庫活動](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity.md)
- [28.1. 標準的 Unix 工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/standard-unix-tools.md)
- [28.2. 統計資訊收集器](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/the-statistics-collector.md)
- [28.3. Viewing Locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/viewing-locks.md)
- [28.4. Progress Reporting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/progress-reporting.md)
- [28.5. Dynamic Tracing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/dynamic-tracing.md)
- [29. 監控磁碟使用情況](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage.md)
- [29.1. 瞭解磁碟使用情形](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/determining-disk-usage.md)
- [29.2. 磁碟空間不足錯誤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/disk-full-failure.md)
- [30. 高可靠度及預寫日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log.md)
- [30.1. 可靠度](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/reliability.md)
- [30.2. Data Checksums](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/30.2.-data-checksums.md)
- [30.3. Write-Ahead Logging（WAL）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/write-ahead-logging-wal.md)
- [30.4. Asynchronous Commit](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/asynchronous-commit.md)
- [30.5. WAL Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-configuration.md)
- [30.6. WAL Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-internals.md)
- [31. 邏輯複寫（Logical Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication.md)
- [31.1. 發佈（Publication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/publication.md)
- [31.2. 訂閱（Subscription）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/subscription.md)
- [31.3. Row Filters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/31.3.-row-filters.md)
- [31.4. Column Lists](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/31.4.-column-lists.md)
- [31.5. 衝突處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/conflicts.md)
- [31.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/restrictions.md)
- [31.7. 架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/architecture.md)
- [31.8. 監控](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/monitoring.md)
- [31.9. 安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/security.md)
- [31.10. 系統設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/configuration-settings.md)
- [31.11. 快速設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/logical-replication/quick-setup.md)
- [32. Just-in-Time Compilation（JIT）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation.md)
- [32.1. What is JIT compilation?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/what-is-jit-compilation.md)
- [32.2. When to JIT?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/when-to-jit.md)
- [32.3. Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/configuration.md)
- [32.4. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/extensibility.md)
- [33. 迴歸測試](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/regression-tests.md)
- [33.1. Running the Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/regression-tests/32.1.-running-the-tests.md)
- [33.2. Test Evaluation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/regression-tests/32.2.-test-evaluation.md)
- [33.3. Variant Comparison Files](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/regression-tests/32.3.-variant-comparison-files.md)
- [33.4. TAP Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/regression-tests/32.4.-tap-tests.md)
- [33.5. Test Coverage Examination](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-administration/regression-tests/32.5.-test-coverage-examination.md)
- [IV. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces.md)
- [34. libpq - C Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library.md)
- [33.1. 資料庫連線控制函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/database-connection-control-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.2. 連線狀態函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.3. Command Execution Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions-2.md)
- [33.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/asynchronous-command-processing.md)
- [33.5. Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/retrieving-query-results-row-by-row.md)
- [33.6. Canceling Queries in Progress](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.6.-canceling-queries-in-progress.md)
- [33.7. The Fast-Path Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.7.-the-fast-path-interface.md)
- [33.8. Asynchronous Notification](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.8.-asynchronous-notification.md)
- [33.9. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.9.-functions-associated-with-the-copy-command.md)
- [33.10. Control Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/control-functions.md)
- [33.11. Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.11.-miscellaneous-functions.md)
- [33.12. Notice Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.12.-notice-processing.md)
- [33.13. Event System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.13.-event-system.md)
- [33.14. 環境變數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/environment-variables.md): 版本：11
- [34.16. 密碼檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/libpq-pgpass.md)
- [33.16. The Connection Service File](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.16.-the-connection-service-file.md)
- [33.17. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.17.-ldap-lookup-of-connection-parameters.md)
- [33.18. SSL Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.18.-ssl-support.md)
- [33.19. Behavior in Threaded Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.19.-behavior-in-threaded-programs.md)
- [33.20. Building libpq Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.20.-building-libpq-programs.md)
- [33.21. Example Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/example-programs.md)
- [35. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects.md)
- [35.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.1.-introduction.md)
- [35.2. Implementation Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.2.-implementation-features.md)
- [35.3. Client Interfaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.3.-client-interfaces.md)
- [35.4. Server-side Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.4.-server-side-functions.md)
- [35.5. Example Program](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.5.-example-program.md)
- [36. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c.md)
- [35.1. The Concept](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/the-concept.md)
- [35.2. Managing Database Connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.2.-managing-database-connections.md)
- [35.3. Running SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.3.-running-sql-commands.md)
- [35.4. Using Host Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.4.-using-host-variables.md)
- [35.5. Dynamic SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.5.-dynamic-sql.md)
- [35.6. pgtypes Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.6.-pgtypes-library.md)
- [35.7. Using Descriptor Areas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.7.-using-descriptor-areas.md)
- [35.8. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.8.-error-handling.md)
- [35.9. Preprocessor Directives](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.9.-preprocessor-directives.md)
- [35.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.10.-processing-embedded-sql-programs.md)
- [35.11. Library Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.11.-library-functions.md)
- [35.12. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.12.-large-objects.md)
- [35.13. C++ Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.13.-c++-applications.md)
- [35.14. Embedded SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.14.-embedded-sql-commands.md)
- [35.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.15.-informix-compatibility-mode.md)
- [35.16. Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.16.-internals.md)
- [37. The Information Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema.md)
- [37.1. The Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/the-schema.md)
- [37.2. Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data-types.md)
- [37.3. information\_schema\_catalog\_name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/information_schema_catalog_name.md)
- [37.4. administrable\_role\_authorizations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/administrable_role_authorizations.md)
- [37.5. applicable\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/applicable_roles.md)
- [37.7. attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/attributes.md)
- [37.7. character\_sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/character_sets.md)
- [37.8. check\_constraint\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraint_routine_usage.md)
- [37.9. check\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraints.md)
- [37.10. collations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collations.md)
- [37.11. collation\_character\_set\_applicability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collation_character_set_applicability.md)
- [37.12. column\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_column_usage.md)
- [37.13. column\_domain\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.12.-column_domain_usage.md)
- [37.14. column\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_options.md)
- [37.15. column\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_privileges.md)
- [37.16. column\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_udt_usage.md)
- [37.17. columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/columns.md)
- [37.18. constraint\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_column_usage.md)
- [37.19. constraint\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_table_usage.md)
- [37.20. data\_type\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data_type_privileges.md)
- [37.21. domain\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/domain_constraints.md)
- [37.21. domain\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.21.-domain_udt_usage.md)
- [37.22. domains](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.22.-domains.md)
- [37.23. element\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.23.-element_types.md)
- [37.24. enabled\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.24.-enabled_roles.md)
- [37.25. foreign\_data\_wrapper\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.25.-foreign_data_wrapper_options.md)
- [37.26. foreign\_data\_wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.26.-foreign_data_wrappers.md)
- [37.27. foreign\_server\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.27.-foreign_server_options.md)
- [37.28. foreign\_servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.28.-foreign_servers.md)
- [37.29. foreign\_table\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.29.-foreign_table_options.md)
- [37.30. foreign\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.30.-foreign_tables.md)
- [36.32. key\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/key_column_usage.md)
- [37.33. parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/parameters.md)
- [36.34. referential\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/referential_constraints.md)
- [37.34. role\_column\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.34.-role_column_grants.md)
- [37.35. role\_routine\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.35.-role_routine_grants.md)
- [37.37. role\_table\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_table_grants.md)
- [37.38. role\_udt\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_udt_grants.md)
- [37.39. role\_usage\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_usage_grants.md)
- [37.40. routine\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/routine_column_usage.md)
- [37.41. routine\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/routine_privileges.md)
- [37.45. routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.40.-routines.md)
- [37.46. schemata](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/schemata.md)
- [37.47. sequences](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.42.-sequences.md)
- [37.48. sql\_features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.43.-sql_features.md)
- [37.49. sql\_implementation\_info](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.44.-sql_implementation_info.md)
- [37.50. sql\_parts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.47.-sql_parts.md)
- [37.51. sql\_sizing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.48.-sql_sizing.md)
- [36.51. table\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/table_constraints.md)
- [36.49. table\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.51.-table_privileges.md)
- [37.52. tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.52.-tables.md)
- [37.53. transforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.53.-transforms.md)
- [37.54. triggered\_update\_columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.54.-triggered_update_columns.md)
- [37.55. triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.55.-triggers.md)
- [37.56. udt\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.56.-udt_privileges.md)
- [37.57. usage\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.57.-usage_privileges.md)
- [37.58. user\_defined\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.58.-user_defined_types.md)
- [37.59. user\_mapping\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.59.-user_mapping_options.md)
- [37.60. user\_mappings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.60.-user_mappings.md)
- [37.63. view\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_column_usage.md)
- [37.64. view\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_routine_usage.md)
- [37.65. view\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_table_usage.md)
- [37.66. views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/views.md)
- [V. 資料庫程式設計](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming.md)
- [38. SQL 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql.md)
- [38.1. How Extensibility Works](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/37.1.-how-extensibility-works.md): 版本：11
- [38.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/37.2.-the-postgresql-type-system.md)
- [38.3. 使用者自訂函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-functions.md)
- [38.4. User-defined Procedures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-procedures.md)
- [38.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/query-language-sql-functions.md)
- [38.6. Function Overloading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/function-overloading.md)
- [38.7. 函數易變性類別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/function-volatility-categories.md)
- [38.8. Procedural Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/procedural-language-functions.md)
- [38.9. Internal Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/internal-functions.md)
- [38.10. C-Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/c-language-functions.md)
- [38.11. Function Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/function-optimization-information.md)
- [38.12. User-defined Aggregates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-aggregates.md)
- [38.13. User-defined Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-types.md)
- [38.14. User-defined Operators](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-operators.md)
- [38.15. Operator Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/operator-optimization-information.md)
- [38.16. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/interfacing-extensions-to-indexes.md): 版本：11
- [38.17. 封裝相關物件到延伸功能中](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/packaging-related-objects-into-an-extension.md)
- [38.18. Extension Building Infrastructure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/extending-sql/extension-building-infrastructure.md)
- [39. Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/triggers.md)
- [39.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/triggers/overview-of-trigger-behavior.md)
- [39.2. Visibility of Data Changes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/triggers/visibility-of-data-changes.md)
- [39.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/triggers/writing-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [39.4. A Complete Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/triggers/a-complete-trigger-example.md)
- [40. Event Triggers (事件觸發)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/event-triggers.md)
- [40.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/event-triggers/overview-of-event-trigger-behavior.md)
- [40.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/event-triggers/event-trigger-firing-matrix.md)
- [40.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/event-triggers/writing-event-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [40.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/event-triggers/a-complete-event-trigger-example.md)
- [41. 規則系統](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system.md)
- [41.1. The Query Tree](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system/the-query-tree.md)
- [41.2. Views and the Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system/views-and-the-rule-system.md)
- [41.3. Materialized Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system/materialized-views.md)
- [41.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-on-insert-update-and-delete.md)
- [41.5. 規則及權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-privileges.md)
- [41.6. Rules and Command Status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-command-status.md)
- [41.7. Rules Versus Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-versus-triggers.md)
- [42. Procedural Languages（程序語言）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/procedural-languages.md)
- [42.1. Installing Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/procedural-languages/installing-procedural-languages.md)
- [43. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language.md)
- [43.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/overview.md)
- [43.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [43.3. Declarations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/declarations.md)
- [43.4. Expressions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/expressions.md)
- [43.5. 基本語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/basic-statements.md)
- [43.6. Control Structures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/control-structures.md)
- [43.7. Cursors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.7.-cursors.md)
- [43.8. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.8.-transaction-management.md)
- [43.9. Errors and Messages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.9.-errors-and-messages.md)
- [43.10. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.10.-trigger-functions.md)
- [43.11. PL/pgSQL under the Hood](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.11.-pl-pgsql-under-the-hood.md)
- [43.12. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.12.-tips-for-developing-in-pl-pgsql.md)
- [43.13. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.13.-porting-from-oracle-pl-sql.md)
- [44. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-tcl-tcl-procedural-language.md)
- [45. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-perl-perl-procedural-language.md)
- [46. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1.md)
- [46.1. PL/Python Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/pl-python-functions.md)
- [46.2. Data Values](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/data-values.md)
- [46.3. Sharing Data](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/sharing-data.md)
- [46.4. Anonymous Code Blocks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/anonymous-code-blocks.md)
- [46.5. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/trigger-functions.md)
- [46.6. Database Access](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/database-access.md)
- [46.7. Explicit Subtransactions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/explicit-subtransactions.md)
- [46.8. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/transaction-management.md)
- [46.9. Utility Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/utility-functions.md)
- [46.10. Python 2 vs. Python 3](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/python-2-vs.-python-3.md)
- [46.11. Environment Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/environment-variables.md)
- [47. Server Programming Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/server-programming-interface.md)
- [48. Background Worker Processes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/background-worker-processes.md)
- [49. Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding.md)
- [48.1. Logical Decoding Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-examples.md)
- [48.2. Logical Decoding Concepts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-concepts.md)
- [48.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/streaming-replication-protocol-interface.md)
- [48.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-sql-interface.md)
- [48.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/system-catalogs-related-to-logical-decoding.md)
- [48.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-plugins.md)
- [48.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-writers.md)
- [48.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/logical-decoding/synchronous-replication-support-for-logical-decoding.md)
- [50. Replication Progress Tracking](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/replication-progress-tracking.md)
- [51. Archive Modules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/51.-archive-modules.md)
- [51.1. Initialization Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/51.-archive-modules/51.1.-initialization-functions.md)
- [51.2. Archive Module Callbacks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/server-programming/51.-archive-modules/51.2.-archive-module-callbacks.md)
- [VI. 參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference.md)
- [I. SQL 指令](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands.md)
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-database.md)
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-default-privileges.md)
- [ALTER EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-extension.md)
- [ALTER FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-function.md)
- [ALTER INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-index.md)
- [ALTER LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-language.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-materialized-view.md)
- [ALTER POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-policy.md)
- [ALTER PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-publication.md)
- [ALTER ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-role.md)
- [ALTER RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-rule.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-schema.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-sequence.md)
- [ALTER STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-subscription.md)
- [ALTER SYSTEM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-system.md)
- [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-table.md)
- [ALTER TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-tablespace.md)
- [ALTER TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-trigger.md)
- [ALTER TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-type.md)
- [ALTER USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-user.md)
- [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/alter-view.md)
- [ANALYZE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/analyze.md)
- [CLUSTER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/cluster.md)
- [COMMENT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/comment.md)
- [COMMIT PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/commit-prepared.md)
- [COPY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/copy.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-access-method.md)
- [CREATE CAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-cast.md)
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-database.md)
- [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-event-trigger.md)
- [CREATE EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-extension.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-table.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-function.md)
- [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-index.md)
- [CREATE LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-language.md)
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-materialized-view.md)
- [CREATE DOMAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-domain.md)
- [CREATE POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-policy.md)
- [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-procedure.md)
- [CREATE PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-publication.md)
- [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-role.md)
- [CREATE RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-rule.md)
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-schema.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SERVER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-server.md)
- [CREATE STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-subscription.md)
- [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-table.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TABLE AS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-table-as.md)
- [CREATE TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-tablespace.md)
- [CREATE TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-transform.md)
- [CREATE TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-trigger.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-type.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-user.md)
- [CREATE USER MAPPING](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-user-mapping.md)
- [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/create-view.md)
- [DEALLOCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/deallocate.md)
- [DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/delete.md)
- [DO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/do.md): 版本：11
- [DROP ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-access-method.md)
- [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-database.md)
- [DROP EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-extension.md)
- [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-function.md)
- [DROP INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-index.md)
- [DROP LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-language.md): 版本：11
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-materialized-view.md)
- [DROP OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-owned.md)
- [DROP POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-policy.md)
- [DROP PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-publication.md)
- [DROP ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-role.md)
- [DROP RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-rule.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-schema.md)
- [DROP SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-sequence.md)
- [DROP STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-subscription.md)
- [DROP TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-table.md)
- [DROP TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-tablespace.md)
- [DROP TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-transform.md)
- [DROP TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-trigger.md)
- [DROP TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-type.md)
- [DROP USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-user.md)
- [DROP VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/drop-view.md)
- [EXECUTE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/execute.md)
- [EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/explain.md)
- [GRANT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/grant.md)
- [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/import-foreign-schema.md)
- [INSERT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/insert.md)
- [LISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/listen.md)
- [LOAD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/load.md)
- [MERGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/merge.md)
- [NOTIFY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/notify.md)
- [PREPARE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/prepare.md)
- [PREPARE TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/prepare-transaction.md)
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/reassign-owned.md)
- [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/refresh-materialized-view.md)
- [REINDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/reindex.md)
- [RESET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/reset.md)
- [REVOKE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/revoke.md)
- [ROLLBACK PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/rollback-prepared.md)
- [SECURITY LABEL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/security-label.md)
- [SELECT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/select.md)
- [SELECT INTO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/select-into.md)
- [SET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/set.md)
- [SET CONSTRAINTS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/set-constraints.md)
- [SET ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/set-role.md)
- [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/set-session-authorization.md)
- [SET TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/set-transaction.md)
- [SHOW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/show.md)
- [TRUNCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/truncate.md)
- [UNLISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/unlisten.md)
- [UPDATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/update.md)
- [VACUUM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/vacuum.md)
- [VALUES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/sql-commands/values.md)
- [II. PostgreSQL 用戶端工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications.md)
- [createdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/createdb.md)
- [createuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/createuser.md)
- [dropdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/dropdb.md)
- [dropuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/dropuser.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [pgbench](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pgbench.md)
- [pg\_basebackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_basebackup.md)
- [pg\_dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_dump.md)
- [pg\_dumpall](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_dumpall.md)
- [pg\_isready](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_isready.md)
- [pg\_receivewal](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_receivewal.md)
- [pg\_recvlogical](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_recvlogical.md)
- [pg\_restore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_restore.md)
- [pg\_verifybackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/pg_verifybackup.md)
- [psql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/psql.md)
- [vacuumdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/client-applications/vacuumdb.md)
- [III. PostgreSQL 伺服器應用程式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications.md)
- [initdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/initdb.md)
- [pg\_archivecleanup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/pg_archivecleanup.md)
- [pg\_ctl](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/pg_ctl.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [pg\_test\_fsync](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/pg_test_fsync.md)
- [pg\_test\_timing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/pg_test_timing.md)
- [pg\_upgrade](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/pg_upgrade.md)
- [postgres](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/reference/server-applications/postgres.md)
- [VII. 資料庫進階](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals.md)
- [52. PostgreSQL 的內部架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals.md)
- [52.1. 處理查詢語句的流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-path-of-a-query.md)
- [52.2. How Connections Are Established](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/how-connections-are-established.md)
- [52.3. The Parser Stage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-parser-stage.md)
- [52.4. The PostgreSQL Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/50.4.-the-postgresql-rule-system.md)
- [52.5. Planner/Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/planner-optimizer.md)
- [52.6. Executor](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/executor.md)
- [53. 系統資訊目錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs.md)
- [51.3. pg\_am](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_am.md)
- [51.7. pg\_attribute](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_attribute.md)
- [51.8. pg\_authid](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_authid.md)
- [51.9. pg\_auth\_members](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_auth_members.md)
- [51.10. pg\_cast](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_cast.md)
- [51.11 pg\_class](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_class.md): 版本：11
- [51.12. pg\_collation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_collation.md)
- [51.13. pg\_constraint](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_constraint.md)
- [51.15 pg\_database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_database.md)
- [51.21. pg\_event\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_event_trigger.md)
- [51.22. pg\_extension](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_extension.md)
- [51.26 pg\_index](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_index.md)
- [51.29. pg\_language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_language.md): 版本：11
- [51.32. pg\_namespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_namespace.md): 版本：11
- [51.33. pg\_opclass](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_opclass.md)
- [51.38. pg\_policy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_policy.md)
- [51.39. pg\_proc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_proc.md): 版本：11
- [51.44. pg\_rewrite](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/51.44.-pg_rewrite.md)
- [51.49. pg\_statistic](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic.md)
- [51.50. pg\_statistic\_ext](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic_ext.md): 版本：11
- [51.52. pg\_subscription](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription.md)
- [51.53. pg\_subscription\_rel](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription_rel.md)
- [51.54. pg\_tablespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/51.54.-pg_tablespace.md)
- [51.56. pg\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/51.56.-pg_trigger.md)
- [51.62. pg\_type](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_type.md)
- [51.66. pg\_available\_extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extensions.md)
- [51.67. pg\_available\_extension\_versions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extension_versions.md)
- [51.71. pg\_hba\_file\_rules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_hba_file_rules.md)
- [51.72. pg\_indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_indexes.md)
- [51.73. pg\_locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_locks.md)
- [51.77. pg\_prepared\_xacts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/pg_prepared_xacts.md)
- [51.79. pg\_replication\_origin\_status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalogs/51.79.-pg_replication_origin_status.md)
- [54. System Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views.md)
- [54.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/overview.md)
- [54.19. pg\_replication\_slots](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_replication_slots.md)
- [54.20 pg\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_roles.md)
- [54.24. pg\_settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_settings.md)
- [54.25. pg\_shadow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_shadow.md)
- [54.26. pg\_shmem\_allocations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_shmem_allocations.md)
- [54.27. pg\_stats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_stats.md)
- [54.30. pg\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_tables.md)
- [54.31. pg\_timezone\_abbrevs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_timezone_abbrevs.md)
- [54.32. pg\_timezone\_names](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_timezone_names.md)
- [54.33. pg\_user](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_user.md)
- [54.35. pg\_views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/54.-system-views/pg_views.md)
- [55. Frontend/Backend Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol.md)
- [52.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/overview.md)
- [52.2. Message Flow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.2.-message-flow.md)
- [52.3. SASL Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.3.-sasl-authentication.md)
- [52.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.5.-logical-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.6. Message Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.6.-message-data-types.md)
- [52.7. Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.7.-message-formats.md)
- [52.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.8.-error-and-notice-message-fields.md)
- [52.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.9.-logical-replication-message-formats.md)
- [52.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.10.-summary-of-changes-since-protocol-2.0.md)
- [56. PostgreSQL 程式撰寫慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions.md)
- [53.1. Formatting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.1.-formatting.md)
- [53.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.2.-reporting-errors-within-the-server.md)
- [53.3. Error Message Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.3.-error-message-style-guide.md)
- [53.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.4.-miscellaneous-coding-conventions.md)
- [57. Native Language Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/native-language-support.md)
- [54.1. For the Translator](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/native-language-support/for-the-translator.md)
- [54.2. For the Programmer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/native-language-support/for-the-programmer.md)
- [58. 撰寫程序語言的處理程序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/writing-a-procedural-language-handler.md)
- [59. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [56.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-functions.md)
- [56.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-callback-routines.md)
- [56.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-helper-functions.md)
- [56.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-query-planning.md)
- [56.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/row-locking-in-foreign-data-wrappers.md)
- [60. Writing a Table Sampling Method](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/60.-writing-a-table-sampling-method.md)
- [61. Writing a Custom Scan Provider](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/61.-writing-a-custom-scan-provider.md)
- [62. Genetic Query Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/genetic-query-optimizer.md)
- [59.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/query-handling-as-a-complex-optimization-problem.md)
- [59.2. Genetic Algorithms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-algorithms.md)
- [59.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-query-optimization-geqo-in-postgresql.md)
- [59.4. Further Reading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/further-reading.md)
- [63. Table Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/table-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [64. Index Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/index-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [65. Generic WAL Records](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/generic-wal-records.md)
- [66. Custom WAL Resource Managers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/66.-custom-wal-resource-managers.md)
- [67. B-Tree Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/b-tree-indexes.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/b-tree-indexes/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Behavior of B-Tree Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/b-tree-indexes/behavior-of-b-tree-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. B-Tree Support Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/b-tree-indexes/b-tree-support-functions.md)
- [67.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/b-tree-indexes/implementation.md)
- [68. GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gist-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [69. SP-GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/sp-gist-indexes.md)
- [65.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/sp-gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [65.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/sp-gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [65.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/sp-gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [65.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/sp-gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [65.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/sp-gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [70. GIN 索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes.md)
- [70.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes/introduction.md)
- [70.2. 內建運算子類](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [70.3. 延伸介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [70.4. 實作說明](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes/implementation.md)
- [70.5. GIN 小技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes/gin-tips-and-tricks.md)
- [70.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes/limitations.md)
- [70.7. 範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/gin-indexes/examples.md)
- [71. BRIN Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/brin.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/brin/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/brin/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/brin/extensibility.md)
- [72. Hash Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/72.-hash-indexes.md)
- [73. 資料庫實體儲存格式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/database-physical-storage.md)
- [73.1. Database File Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/database-physical-storage/database-file-layout.md)
- [73.3. TOAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/database-physical-storage/toast.md)
- [68.3. Free Space Map](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/database-physical-storage/free-space-map.md)
- [68.4 可視性映射表（Visibility Map）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/database-physical-storage/visibility-map.md)
- [68.5. The Initialization Fork](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/database-physical-storage/the-initialization-fork.md)
- [68.6. Database Page Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/database-physical-storage/database-page-layout.md)
- [74. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/system-catalog-declarations-and-initial-contents.md)
- [75. 查詢計畫如何使用統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics.md)
- [70.1. Row Estimation Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/row-estimation-examples.md)
- [70.2. 多元統計資訊範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/multivariate-statistics-examples.md): 版本：11
- [70.3. Planner Statistics and Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/planner-statistics-and-security.md)
- [76. Backup Manifest Format](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/internals/71.-backup-manifest-format.md)
- [VIII. 附錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes.md)
- [A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/postgresql-error-codes.md)
- [B. 日期時間格式支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support.md)
- [B.1. 日期時間解譯流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support/b.1.-ri-qi-shi-jian-jie-yi-liu-cheng.md)
- [B.2. Handling of Invalid or Ambiguous Timestamps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-handling-of-invalid-or-ambiguous-timestamps.md)
- [B.3. 日期時間慣用字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-ri-qi-shi-jian-guan-yong-zi.md)
- [B.4. 日期時間設定檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support/configuration.md)
- [B.5. POSIX Time Zone Specifications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support/b.5.-posix-time-zone-specifications.md)
- [B.6. 日期時間的沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support/datetime-units-history.md)
- [B.7. Julian Dates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/date-time-support/b.7.-julian-dates.md)
- [C. SQL 關鍵字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/sql-keywords.md)
- [D. SQL 相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [D.1. Supported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/supported-features.md)
- [D.2. Unsupported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.2.-unsupported-features.md)
- [D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.3.-xml-limits-and-conformance-to-sql-xml.md)
- [E. 版本資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/release-notes.md)
- [E.1. Release 15.2](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/release-notes/e.1.-release-15.2.md)
- [E.2. Release 15.1](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/release-notes/e.2.-release-15.1.md)
- [E.3. Release 15](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/release-notes/e.3.-release-15.md)
- [E.4. Prior Releases](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/release-notes/e.4.-prior-releases.md)
- [F. 延伸支援模組](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules.md)
- [F.1. adminpack](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/adminpack.md)
- [F.2. amcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/amcheck.md)
- [F.3. auth\_delay](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auth_delay.md)
- [F.4. auto\_explain](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auto_explain.md)
- [F.5. bloom](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/bloom.md)
- [F.6. btree\_gin](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/btree_gin.md)
- [F.10. dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_connect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect.md)
- [dblink\_connect\_u](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect_u.md)
- [dblink\_disconnect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_disconnect.md)
- [dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_exec](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_exec.md)
- [dblink\_open](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_open.md)
- [dblink\_fetch](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_fetch.md)
- [dblink\_close](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_close.md)
- [dblink\_get\_connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_connections.md)
- [dblink\_error\_message](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_error_message.md)
- [dblink\_send\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_send_query.md)
- [dblink\_is\_busy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_is_busy.md)
- [dblink\_get\_notify](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_notify.md)
- [dblink\_get\_result](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_result.md)
- [dblink\_cancel\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_cancel_query.md)
- [dblink\_get\_pkey](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_pkey.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_insert](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_insert.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_delete](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_delete.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_update](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_update.md)
- [F.13. earthdistance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/earthdistance.md)
- [F.14. file\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/file_fdw.md)
- [F.16. hstore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/hstore.md)
- [F.24. pg\_buffercache](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_buffercache.md)
- [F.26. passwordcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/f.26.-passwordcheck.md)
- [F.29. pg\_stat\_statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_stat_statements.md)
- [F.30. pgstattuple](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pgstattuple.md)
- [F.31. pg\_trgm](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_trgm.md)
- [F.32. pg\_visibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_visibility.md)
- [F.38. postgres\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/postgres_fdw.md)
- [F.35. sepgsql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/sepgsql.md)
- [F.43. tablefunc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tablefunc.md)
- [F.45. test\_decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/test_decoding.md)
- [F.46. tsm\_system\_rows](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_rows.md)
- [F.47. tsm\_system\_time](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_time.md)
- [F.49. uuid-ossp](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/uuid-ossp.md)
- [G. Additional Supplied Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs.md)
- [G.1. Client Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [vacuumlo](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/vacuumlo.md)
- [G.2. Server Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [H. 外部專案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an.md)
- [H.1. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.1.-yong-hu-duan-jie-mian.md)
- [H.2. Administration Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.2.-administration-tools.md)
- [H.3. Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.3.-procedural-languages.md)
- [H.4. Extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.4.-extensions.md)
- [I. The Source Code Repository](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/the-source-code-repository.md)
- [I.1. Getting The Source via Git](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/the-source-code-repository/getting-the-source-via-git.md)
- [J. 文件取得](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/docguide.md)
- [J.1. DocBook](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/docguide/j.1.-docbook.md)
- [J.2. Tool Sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/docguide/j.2.-tool-sets.md)
- [J.3. Building the Documentation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/docguide/j.3.-building-the-documentation.md)
- [J.4. Documentation Authoring](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/docguide/j.4.-documentation-authoring.md)
- [J.5. Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/docguide/j.5.-style-guide.md)
- [K. PostgreSQL Limits](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/postgresql-limits.md)
- [L. 縮寫字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/acronyms.md)
- [M. Glossary](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/glossary.md)
- [N. 色彩支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/color-support.md)
- [N.1. When Color is Used](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/color-support/when-color-is-used.md)
- [N.2. Configuring the Colors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/color-support/configuring-the-colors.md)
- [O. Obsolete or Renamed Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/appendixes/o.-obsolete-or-renamed-features.md)
- [參考書目](https://docs.postgresql.tw/15/bibliography.md)

## 16

- [簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/readme.md): 本使用手冊由台灣 PostgreSQL 社群提供，翻譯自 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，以推廣 PostgreSQL 於台灣的應用。
- [前言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/preface.md)
- [1. 什麼是 PostgreSQL？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/preface/01_intro-whatis.md)
- [2. PostgreSQL 沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/preface/02_history.md)
- [3. 慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/preface/03_notation.md)
- [4. 其他參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/preface/04_resources.md)
- [5. 問題回報指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/preface/05_bug-reporting.md)
- [I. 新手教學](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial.md)
- [1. 入門指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/getting-started.md)
- [1.1. 安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/getting-started/installation.md): 版本：11
- [1.2. 基礎架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/getting-started/architectural-fundamentals.md): 版本：11
- [1.3. 建立一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/getting-started/creating-a-database.md)
- [1.4. 存取一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/getting-started/accessing-a-database.md)
- [2. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language.md)
- [2.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/introduction.md)
- [2.2. 概念](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/concepts.md)
- [2.3. 創建一個新的資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/creating-a-new-table.md)
- [2.4. 資料列是資料表的組成單位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/populating-a-table-with-rows.md)
- [2.5. 資料表的查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/querying-a-table.md)
- [2.6. 交叉查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/joins-between-tables.md)
- [2.7. 彙總查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/aggregate-functions.md)
- [2.8. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/updates.md)
- [2.9. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/the-sql-language/deletions.md)
- [3. 先進功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features.md)
- [3.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features/introduction.md)
- [3.2. 檢視表（View）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features/views.md)
- [3.3. 外部索引鍵](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features/foreign-keys.md)
- [3.4. 交易安全](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features/transactions.md)
- [3.5. 窗函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features/window-functions.md)
- [3.6. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features/inheritance.md)
- [3.7. 結論](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/tutorial/advanced-features/conclusion.md)
- [II. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language.md)
- [4. SQL 語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/sql-syntax.md)
- [4.1. 語法結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/lexical-structure.md)
- [4.2. 參數表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/value-expressions.md)
- [4.3. 函數呼叫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/4.3.-han-shu-hu-jiao.md)
- [5. 定義資料結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl.md)
- [5.1. 認識資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/table-basics.md)
- [5.2. 預設值](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/default-values.md)
- [5.3. Generated Columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/generated-columns.md)
- [5.4. 限制條件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/constraints.md)
- [5.5. 系統欄位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/system-columns.md)
- [5.6. 表格變更](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/modifying-tables.md)
- [5.7. 權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/privileges.md)
- [5.8. 資料列安全原則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/row-security-policies.md)
- [5.9. Schemas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/schemas.md)
- [5.10. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/inheritance.md)
- [5.11. 分割資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/table-partitioning.md)
- [5.12. 外部資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/foreign-data.md)
- [5.13. 其他資料庫物件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/other-database-objects.md)
- [5.14. 相依性追蹤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/ddl/dependency-tracking.md)
- [6. 資料處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-manipulation.md)
- [6.1. 新增資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.1.-xin-zeng-zi-liao.md)
- [6.2. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.2.-geng-xin-zi-liao.md)
- [6.3. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.3.-shan-chu-zi-liao.md)
- [6.4. 修改並回傳資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/returning-data-from-modified-rows.md)
- [7. 資料查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries.md)
- [7.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/overview.md)
- [7.2. 資料表表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/table-expressions.md)
- [7.3. 取得資料列表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/select-lists.md)
- [7.4. 合併查詢結果](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/combining-queries.md)
- [7.5. 資料排序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/sorting-rows.md)
- [7.6. LIMIT 和 OFFSET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/limit-and-offset.md)
- [7.7. VALUES 列舉資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/values-lists.md)
- [7.8. WITH Querys（Common Table Expressions）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/queries/with-queries.md)
- [8. 資料型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types.md)
- [8.1. 數字型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/numeric-types.md)
- [8.2. 貨幣型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/monetary-types.md)
- [8.3. 字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/character-types.md)
- [8.4. 位元組型別（bytea）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/binary.md)
- [8.5. 日期時間型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/date-time.md)
- [8.6. 布林型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/boolean-type.md)
- [8.7. 列舉型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/enumerated-types.md)
- [8.8. 地理資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/geometric-types.md)
- [8.9. 網路資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/network-address-types.md)
- [8.10. 位元字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/bit-string-types.md)
- [8.11. 全文檢索型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/text-search-types.md)
- [8.12. UUID 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/uuid-type.md)
- [8.13. XML 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/xml-type.md)
- [8.14. JSON 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/json-types.md)
- [8.15. 陣列](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/arrays.md)
- [8.16. 複合型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/composite-types.md)
- [8.17. 範圍型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/range-types.md)
- [8.18. Domain Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/domain-types.md)
- [8.19. 物件指標型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/object-identifier-types.md)
- [8.20. pg\_lsn 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/pg_lsn-type.md)
- [8.21. 概念型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/data-types/pseudo-types.md)
- [9. 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.1. 邏輯運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/logical-operators.md)
- [9.2. 比較函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/comparison-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.3. 數學函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/mathematical-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.4. 字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.5. 位元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/binary-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.6. 二元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/bit-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.7. 特徵比對](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/pattern-matching.md): 版本：11
- [9.8. 型別轉換函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/data-type-formatting-functions.md)
- [9.9 日期時間函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/date-time-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.10. 列舉型別函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/enum-support-functions.md)
- [9.11. 地理資訊函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/geometric-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.12. 網路位址函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/network-address-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.13. 文字檢索函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/text-search-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.14. UUID Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/uuid-functions.md)
- [9.15. XML 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/xml.md): 版本：11
- [9.16. JSON 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/json-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.17. 序列函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/sequence-manipulation-functions.md)
- [9.18. 條件表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/conditional-expressions.md)
- [9.19. 陣列函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/array-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.20. 範圍函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/range-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.21. 彙總函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/aggregate-functions.md): 版本：11
- [9.22. Window 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/window-functions.md)
- [9.23. 子查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/subquery-expressions.md)
- [9.24. 資料列與陣列的比較運算](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/row-and-array-comparisons.md)
- [9.25. 集合回傳函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/set-returning-functions.md)
- [9.26. 系統資訊函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-information-functions.md)
- [9.27. 系統管理函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-administration.md)
- [9.28. 觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/trigger-functions.md)
- [9.29. 事件觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/event-trigger-functions.md)
- [9.30. Statistics Information Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/statistics-information-functions.md)
- [10. 型別轉換](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/type-conversion.md)
- [10.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [10.2. 運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.2.-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [10.3. 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.3.-han-shi.md)
- [10.4. 資料儲存轉換規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/type-conversion/value-storage.md): 版本：11
- [10.5. UNION、CASE 等相關結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/type-conversion/union-case-and-related-constructs.md)
- [10.6. SELECT 輸出規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.6.-select-shu-chu-gui-ze.md)
- [11. 索引（Index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index.md)
- [11.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/introduction.md)
- [11.2. 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/index-types.md)
- [11.3. 多欄位索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/multicolumn-indexes.md)
- [11.4. 索引與 ORDER BY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-order-by.md)
- [11.5. 善用多個索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/combining-multiple-indexes.md)
- [11.6. 唯一值索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/unique-indexes.md)
- [11.7. 表示式索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/indexes-on-expressions.md)
- [11.8. 部份索引（partial index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/partial-indexes.md)
- [11.9. Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/index-only-scans-and-covering-indexes.md)
- [11.10. 運算子物件及家族](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/operator-classes-and-operator-families.md)
- [11.11. 索引與排序規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-collations.md)
- [11.12. 檢查索引運用](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/index/examining-index-usage.md)
- [12. 全文檢索](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo.md)
- [12.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [12.2. 查詢與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.2.-cha-xun-yu-suo-yin.md)
- [12.3. 細部控制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.3.-xi-bu-kong-zhi.md)
- [12.4. 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.4.-yan-shen-gong-neng.md)
- [12.5. 斷詞](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.5.-duan-ci.md)
- [12.6. 字典](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.6.-zi-dian.md)
- [12.7. 組態範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.7.-zu-tai-fan-li.md)
- [12.8. 測試與除錯](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.8.-ce-shi-yu-chu-cuo.md)
- [12.9. GIN 及 GiST 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.9.-gin-ji-gist-suo-yin-xing-bie.md)
- [12.10. psql支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.10.-psql-zhi-yuan.md)
- [12.11. 功能限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.11.-gong-neng-xian-zhi.md)
- [13. 一致性管理（Concurrency Control）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control.md)
- [13.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/introduction.md)
- [13.2. 交易隔離](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/transaction-isolation.md)
- [13.3. 鎖定模式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/explicit-locking.md)
- [13.4. 在應用端檢視資料一致性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/data-consistency-checks-at-the-application-level.md)
- [13.5. Serialization Failure Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/mvcc-serialization-failure-handling.md)
- [13.6. 特別提醒](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/caveats.md)
- [13.7. 鎖定與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/locking-and-indexes.md)
- [14. 效能技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/performance-tips.md)
- [14.1. 善用 EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/performance-tips/using-explain.md)
- [14.2. 統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/performance-tips/statistics-used-by-the-planner.md)
- [14.3. 使用確切的 JOIN 方式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/performance-tips/controlling-the-planner-with-explicit-join-clauses.md)
- [14.4. 快速建立資料庫內容](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/performance-tips/populating-a-database.md)
- [14.5. 風險性彈性設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/performance-tips/non-durable-settings.md)
- [15. 平行查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/parallel-query.md)
- [15.1. 如何運作？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/parallel-query/how-parallel-query-works.md)
- [15.2. 啓用時機？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/parallel-query/when-can-parallel-query-be-used.md)
- [15.3. 平行查詢計畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-plans.md)
- [15.4. 平行查詢的安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-safety.md)
- [III. 系統管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration.md)
- [16. 以預編譯套件安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-binaries.md)
- [17. 以原始碼安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code.md)
- [17.1. 簡要步驟](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/short-version.md)
- [17.2. 環境需求](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/requirements.md)
- [17.3. Getting The Source](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/getting-the-source.md)
- [17.4. 安裝流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/installation-procedure.md)
- [17.5. Post-Installation Setup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/post-installation-setup.md)
- [17.6. Supported Platforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/supported-platforms.md)
- [17.7. 平台相關的注意事項](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/platform-specific-notes.md)
- [18. 以原始碼在 Windows 上安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows.md)
- [18.1. Building with Visual C++ or the Microsoft Windows SDK](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/installation-from-source-code-on-windows/17.1.-building-with-visual-c++-or-the-microsoft-windows-sdk.md)
- [19. 服務配置與維運](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation.md)
- [19.1. PostgreSQL 使用者帳號](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.1.-postgresql-shi-yong-zhe-zhang-hao.md)
- [19.2. Creating a Database Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/creating-a-database-cluster.md)
- [19.3. Starting the Database Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/starting-the-database-server.md)
- [19.4. 核心資源管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/managing-kernel-resources.md)
- [19.5. Shutting Down the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/shutting-down-the-server.md)
- [19.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.6.-upgrading-a-postgresql-cluster.md)
- [19.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/preventing-server-spoofing.md)
- [19.8. Encryption Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/encryption-options.md)
- [19.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssl.md)
- [19.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-gssapi-encryption.md)
- [19.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssh-tunnels.md)
- [19.12. 在 Windows 註冊事件日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.11.-zai-windows-zhu-ce-shi-jian-ri-zhi.md)
- [20. 服務組態設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration.md)
- [20.1. Setting Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/setting-parameters.md)
- [20.2. File Locations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/file-locations.md)
- [20.3. 連線與認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/connections-and-authentication.md)
- [20.4. 資源配置](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/resource-consumption.md)
- [20.5. Write Ahead Log](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/write-ahead-log.md)
- [20.6. 複寫（Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/replication.md)
- [20.7. 查詢規畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/query-planning.md)
- [20.8. 錯誤回報與日誌記錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/error-reporting-and-logging.md)
- [20.9. 執行階段統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/run-time-statistics.md)
- [20.10. 自動資料庫清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/automatic-vacuuming.md)
- [20.11. 用戶端連線預設參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/client-connection-defaults.md)
- [20.12. 交易鎖定管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/19.12.-jiao-yi-suo-ding-guan-li.md)
- [20.13. 版本與平台的相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/19.13.-ban-ben-yu-ping-tai-de-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [20.14. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/error-handling.md)
- [20.15. 預先配置的參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/19.15.-yu-xian-pei-zhi-de-can-shu.md)
- [20.16. Customized Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/customized-options.md)
- [20.17. Developer Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/developer-options.md)
- [20.18. Short Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/server-configuration/short-options.md)
- [21. 使用者認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication.md)
- [21.1. 設定檔：pg\_hba.conf](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/the-pg_hba.conf-file.md)
- [21.2. User Name Maps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/user-name-maps.md)
- [21.3. Authentication Methods](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-methods.md)
- [21.4. Trust Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/trust-authentication.md)
- [21.5. Password Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/password-authentication.md)
- [21.6. GSSAPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/gssapi-authentication.md)
- [21.7. SSPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/sspi-authentication.md)
- [21.8. Ident Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/ident-authentication.md)
- [21.9. Peer Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/peer-authentication.md)
- [21.10. LDAP Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/ldap-authentication.md)
- [21.11. RADIUS Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/radius-authentication.md)
- [21.12. Certificate Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/certificate-authentication.md)
- [21.13. PAM Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/pam-authentication.md)
- [21.14. BSD Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/21.14.-bsd-authentication.md)
- [21.15. Authentication Problems](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/client-authentication/21.15.-authentication-problems.md)
- [22. 資料庫角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/database-roles.md)
- [22.1. Database Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/database-roles/database-roles.md)
- [22.2. Role Attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/database-roles/role-attributes.md)
- [22.3. Role Membership](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/database-roles/role-membership.md)
- [22.4. 移除角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/database-roles/dropping-roles.md)
- [22.5. Default Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/database-roles/default-roles.md)
- [22.6. Function Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/database-roles/function-security.md)
- [23. 管理資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/managing-databases.md)
- [23.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/managing-databases/overview.md)
- [23.2. Creating a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/managing-databases/creating-a-database.md)
- [23.3. 樣版資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/managing-databases/template-databases.md)
- [23.4. Database Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/managing-databases/database-configuration.md)
- [23.5. Destroying a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/managing-databases/destroying-a-database.md)
- [23.6. Tablespaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/managing-databases/tablespaces.md)
- [24. 語系](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/localization.md)
- [24.1. 語系支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/localization/locale-support.md)
- [24.2. Collation Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/localization/collation-support.md)
- [24.3. 字元集支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/localization/character-set-support.md)
- [25. 例行性資料庫維護工作](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks.md)
- [25.1. 例行性資料清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-vacuuming.md)
- [25.2. 定期重建索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-reindexing.md)
- [25.3. Log 檔案維護](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/log-file-maintenance.md)
- [26. 備份及還原](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/backup-and-restore.md)
- [26.1. SQL Dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/backup-and-restore/sql-dump.md)
- [26.2. 檔案系統層級備份](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/backup-and-restore/file-system-level-backup.md)
- [26.3. 持續封存及 Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/backup-and-restore/continuous-archiving-and-point-in-time-recovery-pitr.md)
- [27. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication.md)
- [27.1. 比較不同的解決方案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/comparison-of-different-solutions.md)
- [27.2. 日誌轉送備用伺服器 Log-Shipping Standby Servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/log-shipping-standby-servers.md)
- [27.3. Failover](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/failover.md)
- [27.4. Hot Standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/hot-standby.md)
- [28. 監控資料庫活動](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity.md)
- [28.1. 標準的 Unix 工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/standard-unix-tools.md)
- [28.2. 統計資訊收集器](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/the-statistics-collector.md)
- [28.3. Viewing Locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/viewing-locks.md)
- [28.4. Progress Reporting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/progress-reporting.md)
- [28.5. Dynamic Tracing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/dynamic-tracing.md)
- [29. 監控磁碟使用情況](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage.md)
- [29.1. 瞭解磁碟使用情形](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/determining-disk-usage.md)
- [29.2. 磁碟空間不足錯誤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/monitoring-disk-usage/disk-full-failure.md)
- [30. 高可靠度及預寫日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log.md)
- [30.1. 可靠度](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/reliability.md)
- [30.2. Data Checksums](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/30.2.-data-checksums.md)
- [30.3. Write-Ahead Logging（WAL）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/write-ahead-logging-wal.md)
- [30.4. Asynchronous Commit](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/asynchronous-commit.md)
- [30.5. WAL Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-configuration.md)
- [30.6. WAL Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-internals.md)
- [31. 邏輯複寫（Logical Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication.md)
- [31.1. 發佈（Publication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/publication.md)
- [31.2. 訂閱（Subscription）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/subscription.md)
- [31.3. Row Filters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/31.3.-row-filters.md)
- [31.4. Column Lists](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/31.4.-column-lists.md)
- [31.5. 衝突處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/conflicts.md)
- [31.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/restrictions.md)
- [31.7. 架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/architecture.md)
- [31.8. 監控](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/monitoring.md)
- [31.9. 安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/security.md)
- [31.10. 系統設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/configuration-settings.md)
- [31.11. 快速設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/logical-replication/quick-setup.md)
- [32. Just-in-Time Compilation（JIT）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation.md)
- [32.1. What is JIT compilation?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/what-is-jit-compilation.md)
- [32.2. When to JIT?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/when-to-jit.md)
- [32.3. Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/configuration.md)
- [32.4. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/extensibility.md)
- [33. 迴歸測試](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/regression-tests.md)
- [33.1. Running the Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/regression-tests/32.1.-running-the-tests.md)
- [33.2. Test Evaluation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/regression-tests/32.2.-test-evaluation.md)
- [33.3. Variant Comparison Files](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/regression-tests/32.3.-variant-comparison-files.md)
- [33.4. TAP Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/regression-tests/32.4.-tap-tests.md)
- [33.5. Test Coverage Examination](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-administration/regression-tests/32.5.-test-coverage-examination.md)
- [IV. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces.md)
- [34. libpq - C Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library.md)
- [33.1. 資料庫連線控制函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/database-connection-control-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.2. 連線狀態函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.3. Command Execution Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions-2.md)
- [33.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/asynchronous-command-processing.md)
- [33.5. Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/retrieving-query-results-row-by-row.md)
- [33.6. Canceling Queries in Progress](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.6.-canceling-queries-in-progress.md)
- [33.7. The Fast-Path Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.7.-the-fast-path-interface.md)
- [33.8. Asynchronous Notification](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.8.-asynchronous-notification.md)
- [33.9. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.9.-functions-associated-with-the-copy-command.md)
- [33.10. Control Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/control-functions.md)
- [33.11. Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.11.-miscellaneous-functions.md)
- [33.12. Notice Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.12.-notice-processing.md)
- [33.13. Event System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.13.-event-system.md)
- [33.14. 環境變數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/environment-variables.md): 版本：11
- [34.16. 密碼檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/libpq-pgpass.md)
- [33.16. The Connection Service File](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.16.-the-connection-service-file.md)
- [33.17. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.17.-ldap-lookup-of-connection-parameters.md)
- [33.18. SSL Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.18.-ssl-support.md)
- [33.19. Behavior in Threaded Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.19.-behavior-in-threaded-programs.md)
- [33.20. Building libpq Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.20.-building-libpq-programs.md)
- [33.21. Example Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/example-programs.md)
- [35. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects.md)
- [35.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.1.-introduction.md)
- [35.2. Implementation Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.2.-implementation-features.md)
- [35.3. Client Interfaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.3.-client-interfaces.md)
- [35.4. Server-side Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.4.-server-side-functions.md)
- [35.5. Example Program](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.5.-example-program.md)
- [36. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c.md)
- [35.1. The Concept](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/the-concept.md)
- [35.2. Managing Database Connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.2.-managing-database-connections.md)
- [35.3. Running SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.3.-running-sql-commands.md)
- [35.4. Using Host Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.4.-using-host-variables.md)
- [35.5. Dynamic SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.5.-dynamic-sql.md)
- [35.6. pgtypes Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.6.-pgtypes-library.md)
- [35.7. Using Descriptor Areas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.7.-using-descriptor-areas.md)
- [35.8. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.8.-error-handling.md)
- [35.9. Preprocessor Directives](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.9.-preprocessor-directives.md)
- [35.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.10.-processing-embedded-sql-programs.md)
- [35.11. Library Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.11.-library-functions.md)
- [35.12. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.12.-large-objects.md)
- [35.13. C++ Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.13.-c++-applications.md)
- [35.14. Embedded SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.14.-embedded-sql-commands.md)
- [35.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.15.-informix-compatibility-mode.md)
- [35.16. Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.16.-internals.md)
- [37. The Information Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema.md)
- [37.1. The Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/the-schema.md)
- [37.2. Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data-types.md)
- [37.3. information\_schema\_catalog\_name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/information_schema_catalog_name.md)
- [37.4. administrable\_role\_authorizations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/administrable_role_authorizations.md)
- [37.5. applicable\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/applicable_roles.md)
- [37.7. attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/attributes.md)
- [37.7. character\_sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/character_sets.md)
- [37.8. check\_constraint\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraint_routine_usage.md)
- [37.9. check\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraints.md)
- [37.10. collations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collations.md)
- [37.11. collation\_character\_set\_applicability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collation_character_set_applicability.md)
- [37.12. column\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_column_usage.md)
- [37.13. column\_domain\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.12.-column_domain_usage.md)
- [37.14. column\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_options.md)
- [37.15. column\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_privileges.md)
- [37.16. column\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_udt_usage.md)
- [37.17. columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/columns.md)
- [37.18. constraint\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_column_usage.md)
- [37.19. constraint\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_table_usage.md)
- [37.20. data\_type\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data_type_privileges.md)
- [37.21. domain\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/domain_constraints.md)
- [37.21. domain\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.21.-domain_udt_usage.md)
- [37.22. domains](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.22.-domains.md)
- [37.23. element\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.23.-element_types.md)
- [37.24. enabled\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.24.-enabled_roles.md)
- [37.25. foreign\_data\_wrapper\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.25.-foreign_data_wrapper_options.md)
- [37.26. foreign\_data\_wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.26.-foreign_data_wrappers.md)
- [37.27. foreign\_server\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.27.-foreign_server_options.md)
- [37.28. foreign\_servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.28.-foreign_servers.md)
- [37.29. foreign\_table\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.29.-foreign_table_options.md)
- [37.30. foreign\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.30.-foreign_tables.md)
- [36.32. key\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/key_column_usage.md)
- [37.33. parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/parameters.md)
- [36.34. referential\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/referential_constraints.md)
- [37.34. role\_column\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.34.-role_column_grants.md)
- [37.35. role\_routine\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.35.-role_routine_grants.md)
- [37.37. role\_table\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_table_grants.md)
- [37.38. role\_udt\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_udt_grants.md)
- [37.39. role\_usage\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_usage_grants.md)
- [37.40. routine\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/routine_column_usage.md)
- [37.41. routine\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/routine_privileges.md)
- [37.45. routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.40.-routines.md)
- [37.46. schemata](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/schemata.md)
- [37.47. sequences](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.42.-sequences.md)
- [37.48. sql\_features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.43.-sql_features.md)
- [37.49. sql\_implementation\_info](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.44.-sql_implementation_info.md)
- [37.50. sql\_parts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.47.-sql_parts.md)
- [37.51. sql\_sizing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.48.-sql_sizing.md)
- [36.51. table\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/table_constraints.md)
- [36.49. table\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.51.-table_privileges.md)
- [37.52. tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.52.-tables.md)
- [37.53. transforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.53.-transforms.md)
- [37.54. triggered\_update\_columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.54.-triggered_update_columns.md)
- [37.55. triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.55.-triggers.md)
- [37.56. udt\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.56.-udt_privileges.md)
- [37.57. usage\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.57.-usage_privileges.md)
- [37.58. user\_defined\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.58.-user_defined_types.md)
- [37.59. user\_mapping\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.59.-user_mapping_options.md)
- [37.60. user\_mappings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.60.-user_mappings.md)
- [37.63. view\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_column_usage.md)
- [37.64. view\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_routine_usage.md)
- [37.65. view\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_table_usage.md)
- [37.66. views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/views.md)
- [V. 資料庫程式設計](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming.md)
- [38. SQL 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql.md)
- [38.1. How Extensibility Works](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/37.1.-how-extensibility-works.md): 版本：11
- [38.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/37.2.-the-postgresql-type-system.md)
- [38.3. 使用者自訂函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-functions.md)
- [38.4. User-defined Procedures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-procedures.md)
- [38.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/query-language-sql-functions.md)
- [38.6. Function Overloading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/function-overloading.md)
- [38.7. 函數易變性類別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/function-volatility-categories.md)
- [38.8. Procedural Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/procedural-language-functions.md)
- [38.9. Internal Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/internal-functions.md)
- [38.10. C-Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/c-language-functions.md)
- [38.11. Function Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/function-optimization-information.md)
- [38.12. User-defined Aggregates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-aggregates.md)
- [38.13. User-defined Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-types.md)
- [38.14. User-defined Operators](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-operators.md)
- [38.15. Operator Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/operator-optimization-information.md)
- [38.16. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/interfacing-extensions-to-indexes.md): 版本：11
- [38.17. 封裝相關物件到延伸功能中](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/packaging-related-objects-into-an-extension.md)
- [38.18. Extension Building Infrastructure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/extending-sql/extension-building-infrastructure.md)
- [39. Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/triggers.md)
- [39.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/triggers/overview-of-trigger-behavior.md)
- [39.2. Visibility of Data Changes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/triggers/visibility-of-data-changes.md)
- [39.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/triggers/writing-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [39.4. A Complete Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/triggers/a-complete-trigger-example.md)
- [40. Event Triggers (事件觸發)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/event-triggers.md)
- [40.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/event-triggers/overview-of-event-trigger-behavior.md)
- [40.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/event-triggers/event-trigger-firing-matrix.md)
- [40.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/event-triggers/writing-event-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [40.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/event-triggers/a-complete-event-trigger-example.md)
- [41. 規則系統](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system.md)
- [41.1. The Query Tree](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system/the-query-tree.md)
- [41.2. Views and the Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system/views-and-the-rule-system.md)
- [41.3. Materialized Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system/materialized-views.md)
- [41.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-on-insert-update-and-delete.md)
- [41.5. 規則及權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-privileges.md)
- [41.6. Rules and Command Status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-command-status.md)
- [41.7. Rules Versus Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-versus-triggers.md)
- [42. Procedural Languages（程序語言）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/procedural-languages.md)
- [42.1. Installing Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/procedural-languages/installing-procedural-languages.md)
- [43. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language.md)
- [43.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/overview.md)
- [43.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [43.3. Declarations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/declarations.md)
- [43.4. Expressions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/expressions.md)
- [43.5. 基本語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/basic-statements.md)
- [43.6. Control Structures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/control-structures.md)
- [43.7. Cursors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.7.-cursors.md)
- [43.8. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.8.-transaction-management.md)
- [43.9. Errors and Messages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.9.-errors-and-messages.md)
- [43.10. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.10.-trigger-functions.md)
- [43.11. PL/pgSQL under the Hood](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.11.-pl-pgsql-under-the-hood.md)
- [43.12. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.12.-tips-for-developing-in-pl-pgsql.md)
- [43.13. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.13.-porting-from-oracle-pl-sql.md)
- [44. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-tcl-tcl-procedural-language.md)
- [45. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-perl-perl-procedural-language.md)
- [46. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1.md)
- [46.1. PL/Python Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/pl-python-functions.md)
- [46.2. Data Values](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/data-values.md)
- [46.3. Sharing Data](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/sharing-data.md)
- [46.4. Anonymous Code Blocks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/anonymous-code-blocks.md)
- [46.5. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/trigger-functions.md)
- [46.6. Database Access](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/database-access.md)
- [46.7. Explicit Subtransactions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/explicit-subtransactions.md)
- [46.8. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/transaction-management.md)
- [46.9. Utility Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/utility-functions.md)
- [46.10. Python 2 vs. Python 3](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/python-2-vs.-python-3.md)
- [46.11. Environment Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/environment-variables.md)
- [47. Server Programming Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/server-programming-interface.md)
- [48. Background Worker Processes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/background-worker-processes.md)
- [49. Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding.md)
- [48.1. Logical Decoding Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-examples.md)
- [48.2. Logical Decoding Concepts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-concepts.md)
- [48.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/streaming-replication-protocol-interface.md)
- [48.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-sql-interface.md)
- [48.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/system-catalogs-related-to-logical-decoding.md)
- [48.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-plugins.md)
- [48.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-writers.md)
- [48.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/logical-decoding/synchronous-replication-support-for-logical-decoding.md)
- [50. Replication Progress Tracking](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/replication-progress-tracking.md)
- [51. Archive Modules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/51.-archive-modules.md)
- [51.1. Initialization Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/51.-archive-modules/51.1.-initialization-functions.md)
- [51.2. Archive Module Callbacks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/server-programming/51.-archive-modules/51.2.-archive-module-callbacks.md)
- [VI. 參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference.md)
- [I. SQL 指令](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands.md)
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-database.md)
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-default-privileges.md)
- [ALTER EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-extension.md)
- [ALTER FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-function.md)
- [ALTER INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-index.md)
- [ALTER LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-language.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-materialized-view.md)
- [ALTER POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-policy.md)
- [ALTER PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-publication.md)
- [ALTER ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-role.md)
- [ALTER RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-rule.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-schema.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-sequence.md)
- [ALTER STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-subscription.md)
- [ALTER SYSTEM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-system.md)
- [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-table.md)
- [ALTER TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-tablespace.md)
- [ALTER TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-trigger.md)
- [ALTER TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-type.md)
- [ALTER USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-user.md)
- [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/alter-view.md)
- [ANALYZE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/analyze.md)
- [CLUSTER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/cluster.md)
- [COMMENT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/comment.md)
- [COMMIT PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/commit-prepared.md)
- [COPY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/copy.md)
- [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-access-method.md)
- [CREATE CAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-cast.md)
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-database.md)
- [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-event-trigger.md)
- [CREATE EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-extension.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-table.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-function.md)
- [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-index.md)
- [CREATE LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-language.md)
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-materialized-view.md)
- [CREATE DOMAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-domain.md)
- [CREATE POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-policy.md)
- [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-procedure.md)
- [CREATE PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-publication.md)
- [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-role.md)
- [CREATE RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-rule.md)
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-schema.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SERVER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-server.md)
- [CREATE STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-subscription.md)
- [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-table.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TABLE AS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-table-as.md)
- [CREATE TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-tablespace.md)
- [CREATE TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-transform.md)
- [CREATE TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-trigger.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-type.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-user.md)
- [CREATE USER MAPPING](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-user-mapping.md)
- [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/create-view.md)
- [DEALLOCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/deallocate.md)
- [DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/delete.md)
- [DO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/do.md): 版本：11
- [DROP ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-access-method.md)
- [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-database.md)
- [DROP EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-extension.md)
- [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-function.md)
- [DROP INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-index.md)
- [DROP LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-language.md): 版本：11
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-materialized-view.md)
- [DROP OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-owned.md)
- [DROP POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-policy.md)
- [DROP PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-publication.md)
- [DROP ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-role.md)
- [DROP RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-rule.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-schema.md)
- [DROP SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-sequence.md)
- [DROP STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-subscription.md)
- [DROP TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-table.md)
- [DROP TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-tablespace.md)
- [DROP TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-transform.md)
- [DROP TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-trigger.md)
- [DROP TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-type.md)
- [DROP USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-user.md)
- [DROP VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/drop-view.md)
- [EXECUTE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/execute.md)
- [EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/explain.md)
- [GRANT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/grant.md)
- [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/import-foreign-schema.md)
- [INSERT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/insert.md)
- [LISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/listen.md)
- [LOAD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/load.md)
- [MERGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/merge.md)
- [NOTIFY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/notify.md)
- [PREPARE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/prepare.md)
- [PREPARE TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/prepare-transaction.md)
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/reassign-owned.md)
- [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/refresh-materialized-view.md)
- [REINDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/reindex.md)
- [RESET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/reset.md)
- [REVOKE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/revoke.md)
- [ROLLBACK PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/rollback-prepared.md)
- [SECURITY LABEL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/security-label.md)
- [SELECT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/select.md)
- [SELECT INTO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/select-into.md)
- [SET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/set.md)
- [SET CONSTRAINTS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/set-constraints.md)
- [SET ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/set-role.md)
- [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/set-session-authorization.md)
- [SET TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/set-transaction.md)
- [SHOW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/show.md)
- [TRUNCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/truncate.md)
- [UNLISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/unlisten.md)
- [UPDATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/update.md)
- [VACUUM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/vacuum.md)
- [VALUES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/sql-commands/values.md)
- [II. PostgreSQL 用戶端工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications.md)
- [createdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/createdb.md)
- [createuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/createuser.md)
- [dropdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/dropdb.md)
- [dropuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/dropuser.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [pgbench](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pgbench.md)
- [pg\_basebackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_basebackup.md)
- [pg\_dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_dump.md)
- [pg\_dumpall](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_dumpall.md)
- [pg\_isready](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_isready.md)
- [pg\_receivewal](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_receivewal.md)
- [pg\_recvlogical](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_recvlogical.md)
- [pg\_restore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_restore.md)
- [pg\_verifybackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/pg_verifybackup.md)
- [psql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/psql.md)
- [vacuumdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/client-applications/vacuumdb.md)
- [III. PostgreSQL 伺服器應用程式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications.md)
- [initdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/initdb.md)
- [pg\_archivecleanup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/pg_archivecleanup.md)
- [pg\_ctl](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/pg_ctl.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [pg\_test\_fsync](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/pg_test_fsync.md)
- [pg\_test\_timing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/pg_test_timing.md)
- [pg\_upgrade](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/pg_upgrade.md)
- [postgres](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/reference/server-applications/postgres.md)
- [VII. 資料庫進階](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals.md)
- [52. PostgreSQL 的內部架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals.md)
- [52.1. 處理查詢語句的流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-path-of-a-query.md)
- [52.2. 連線是如何被建立的](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/how-connections-are-established.md): 連線是如何被建立的
- [52.3. 解析器階段](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-parser-stage.md): 解析器階段
- [52.4. The PostgreSQL Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/50.4.-the-postgresql-rule-system.md)
- [52.5. Planner/Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/planner-optimizer.md)
- [52.6. Executor](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/executor.md)
- [53. 系統資訊目錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs.md)
- [51.3. pg\_am](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_am.md)
- [51.7. pg\_attribute](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_attribute.md)
- [51.8. pg\_authid](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_authid.md)
- [51.9. pg\_auth\_members](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_auth_members.md)
- [51.10. pg\_cast](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_cast.md)
- [51.11 pg\_class](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_class.md): 版本：11
- [51.12. pg\_collation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_collation.md)
- [51.13. pg\_constraint](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_constraint.md)
- [51.15 pg\_database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_database.md)
- [51.21. pg\_event\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_event_trigger.md)
- [51.22. pg\_extension](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_extension.md)
- [51.26 pg\_index](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_index.md)
- [51.29. pg\_language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_language.md): 版本：11
- [51.32. pg\_namespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_namespace.md): 版本：11
- [51.33. pg\_opclass](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_opclass.md)
- [51.38. pg\_policy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_policy.md)
- [51.39. pg\_proc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_proc.md): 版本：11
- [51.44. pg\_rewrite](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/51.44.-pg_rewrite.md)
- [51.49. pg\_statistic](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic.md)
- [51.50. pg\_statistic\_ext](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic_ext.md): 版本：11
- [51.52. pg\_subscription](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription.md)
- [51.53. pg\_subscription\_rel](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription_rel.md)
- [51.54. pg\_tablespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/51.54.-pg_tablespace.md)
- [51.56. pg\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/51.56.-pg_trigger.md)
- [51.62. pg\_type](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_type.md)
- [51.66. pg\_available\_extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extensions.md)
- [51.67. pg\_available\_extension\_versions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extension_versions.md)
- [51.71. pg\_hba\_file\_rules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_hba_file_rules.md)
- [51.72. pg\_indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_indexes.md)
- [51.73. pg\_locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_locks.md)
- [51.77. pg\_prepared\_xacts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/pg_prepared_xacts.md)
- [51.79. pg\_replication\_origin\_status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalogs/51.79.-pg_replication_origin_status.md)
- [54. System Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views.md)
- [54.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/overview.md)
- [54.19. pg\_replication\_slots](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_replication_slots.md)
- [54.20 pg\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_roles.md)
- [54.24. pg\_settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_settings.md)
- [54.25. pg\_shadow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_shadow.md)
- [54.26. pg\_shmem\_allocations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_shmem_allocations.md)
- [54.27. pg\_stats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_stats.md)
- [54.30. pg\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_tables.md)
- [54.31. pg\_timezone\_abbrevs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_timezone_abbrevs.md)
- [54.32. pg\_timezone\_names](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_timezone_names.md)
- [54.33. pg\_user](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_user.md)
- [54.35. pg\_views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/54.-system-views/pg_views.md)
- [55. Frontend/Backend Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol.md)
- [52.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/overview.md)
- [52.2. Message Flow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.2.-message-flow.md)
- [52.3. SASL Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.3.-sasl-authentication.md)
- [52.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.5.-logical-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.6. Message Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.6.-message-data-types.md)
- [52.7. Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.7.-message-formats.md)
- [52.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.8.-error-and-notice-message-fields.md)
- [52.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.9.-logical-replication-message-formats.md)
- [52.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.10.-summary-of-changes-since-protocol-2.0.md)
- [56. PostgreSQL 程式撰寫慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions.md)
- [53.1. Formatting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.1.-formatting.md)
- [53.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.2.-reporting-errors-within-the-server.md)
- [53.3. Error Message Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.3.-error-message-style-guide.md)
- [53.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.4.-miscellaneous-coding-conventions.md)
- [57. Native Language Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/native-language-support.md)
- [54.1. For the Translator](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/native-language-support/for-the-translator.md)
- [54.2. For the Programmer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/native-language-support/for-the-programmer.md)
- [58. 撰寫程序語言的處理程序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/writing-a-procedural-language-handler.md)
- [59. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [56.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-functions.md)
- [56.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-callback-routines.md)
- [56.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-helper-functions.md)
- [56.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-query-planning.md)
- [56.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/row-locking-in-foreign-data-wrappers.md)
- [60. Writing a Table Sampling Method](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/60.-writing-a-table-sampling-method.md)
- [61. Writing a Custom Scan Provider](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/61.-writing-a-custom-scan-provider.md)
- [62. Genetic Query Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/genetic-query-optimizer.md)
- [59.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/query-handling-as-a-complex-optimization-problem.md)
- [59.2. Genetic Algorithms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-algorithms.md)
- [59.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-query-optimization-geqo-in-postgresql.md)
- [59.4. Further Reading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/further-reading.md)
- [63. Table Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/table-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [64. Index Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/index-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [65. Generic WAL Records](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/generic-wal-records.md)
- [66. Custom WAL Resource Managers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/66.-custom-wal-resource-managers.md)
- [67. B-Tree Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/b-tree-indexes.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/b-tree-indexes/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Behavior of B-Tree Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/b-tree-indexes/behavior-of-b-tree-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. B-Tree Support Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/b-tree-indexes/b-tree-support-functions.md)
- [67.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/b-tree-indexes/implementation.md)
- [68. GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gist-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [69. SP-GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/sp-gist-indexes.md)
- [65.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/sp-gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [65.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/sp-gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [65.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/sp-gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [65.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/sp-gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [65.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/sp-gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [70. GIN 索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes.md)
- [70.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes/introduction.md)
- [70.2. 內建運算子類](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [70.3. 延伸介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [70.4. 實作說明](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes/implementation.md)
- [70.5. GIN 小技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes/gin-tips-and-tricks.md)
- [70.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes/limitations.md)
- [70.7. 範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/gin-indexes/examples.md)
- [71. BRIN Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/brin.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/brin/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/brin/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/brin/extensibility.md)
- [72. Hash Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/72.-hash-indexes.md)
- [73. 資料庫實體儲存格式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/database-physical-storage.md)
- [73.1. Database File Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/database-physical-storage/database-file-layout.md)
- [73.3. TOAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/database-physical-storage/toast.md)
- [68.3. Free Space Map](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/database-physical-storage/free-space-map.md)
- [68.4 可視性映射表（Visibility Map）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/database-physical-storage/visibility-map.md)
- [68.5. The Initialization Fork](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/database-physical-storage/the-initialization-fork.md)
- [68.6. Database Page Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/database-physical-storage/database-page-layout.md)
- [74. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/system-catalog-declarations-and-initial-contents.md)
- [75. 查詢計畫如何使用統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics.md)
- [70.1. Row Estimation Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/row-estimation-examples.md)
- [70.2. 多元統計資訊範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/multivariate-statistics-examples.md): 版本：11
- [70.3. Planner Statistics and Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/planner-statistics-and-security.md)
- [76. Backup Manifest Format](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/internals/71.-backup-manifest-format.md)
- [VIII. 附錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes.md)
- [A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/postgresql-error-codes.md)
- [B. 日期時間格式支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support.md)
- [B.1. 日期時間解譯流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support/b.1.-ri-qi-shi-jian-jie-yi-liu-cheng.md)
- [B.2. Handling of Invalid or Ambiguous Timestamps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-handling-of-invalid-or-ambiguous-timestamps.md)
- [B.3. 日期時間慣用字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-ri-qi-shi-jian-guan-yong-zi.md)
- [B.4. 日期時間設定檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support/configuration.md)
- [B.5. POSIX Time Zone Specifications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support/b.5.-posix-time-zone-specifications.md)
- [B.6. 日期時間的沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support/datetime-units-history.md)
- [B.7. Julian Dates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/date-time-support/b.7.-julian-dates.md)
- [C. SQL 關鍵字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/sql-keywords.md)
- [D. SQL 相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [D.1. Supported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/supported-features.md)
- [D.2. Unsupported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.2.-unsupported-features.md)
- [D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.3.-xml-limits-and-conformance-to-sql-xml.md)
- [E. 版本資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/release-notes.md)
- [E.1. Release 15.2](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/release-notes/e.1.-release-15.2.md)
- [E.2. Release 15.1](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/release-notes/e.2.-release-15.1.md)
- [E.3. Release 15](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/release-notes/e.3.-release-15.md)
- [E.4. Prior Releases](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/release-notes/e.4.-prior-releases.md)
- [F. 延伸支援模組](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules.md)
- [F.1. adminpack](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/adminpack.md)
- [F.2. amcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/amcheck.md)
- [F.3. auth\_delay](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auth_delay.md)
- [F.4. auto\_explain](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auto_explain.md)
- [F.5. bloom](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/bloom.md)
- [F.6. btree\_gin](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/btree_gin.md)
- [F.10. dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_connect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect.md)
- [dblink\_connect\_u](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect_u.md)
- [dblink\_disconnect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_disconnect.md)
- [dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_exec](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_exec.md)
- [dblink\_open](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_open.md)
- [dblink\_fetch](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_fetch.md)
- [dblink\_close](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_close.md)
- [dblink\_get\_connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_connections.md)
- [dblink\_error\_message](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_error_message.md)
- [dblink\_send\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_send_query.md)
- [dblink\_is\_busy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_is_busy.md)
- [dblink\_get\_notify](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_notify.md)
- [dblink\_get\_result](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_result.md)
- [dblink\_cancel\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_cancel_query.md)
- [dblink\_get\_pkey](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_pkey.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_insert](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_insert.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_delete](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_delete.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_update](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_update.md)
- [F.13. earthdistance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/earthdistance.md)
- [F.14. file\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/file_fdw.md)
- [F.16. hstore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/hstore.md)
- [F.24. pg\_buffercache](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_buffercache.md)
- [F.26. passwordcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/f.26.-passwordcheck.md)
- [F.29. pg\_stat\_statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_stat_statements.md)
- [F.30. pgstattuple](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pgstattuple.md)
- [F.31. pg\_trgm](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_trgm.md)
- [F.32. pg\_visibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_visibility.md)
- [F.38. postgres\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/postgres_fdw.md)
- [F.35. sepgsql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/sepgsql.md)
- [F.43. tablefunc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tablefunc.md)
- [F.45. test\_decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/test_decoding.md)
- [F.46. tsm\_system\_rows](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_rows.md)
- [F.47. tsm\_system\_time](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_time.md)
- [F.49. uuid-ossp](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/uuid-ossp.md)
- [G. Additional Supplied Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs.md)
- [G.1. Client Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [vacuumlo](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/vacuumlo.md)
- [G.2. Server Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [H. 外部專案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an.md)
- [H.1. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.1.-yong-hu-duan-jie-mian.md)
- [H.2. Administration Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.2.-administration-tools.md)
- [H.3. Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.3.-procedural-languages.md)
- [H.4. Extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.4.-extensions.md)
- [I. The Source Code Repository](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/the-source-code-repository.md)
- [I.1. Getting The Source via Git](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/the-source-code-repository/getting-the-source-via-git.md)
- [J. 文件取得](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/docguide.md)
- [J.1. DocBook](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/docguide/j.1.-docbook.md)
- [J.2. Tool Sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/docguide/j.2.-tool-sets.md)
- [J.3. Building the Documentation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/docguide/j.3.-building-the-documentation.md)
- [J.4. Documentation Authoring](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/docguide/j.4.-documentation-authoring.md)
- [J.5. Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/docguide/j.5.-style-guide.md)
- [K. PostgreSQL Limits](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/postgresql-limits.md)
- [L. 縮寫字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/acronyms.md)
- [M. Glossary](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/glossary.md)
- [N. 色彩支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/color-support.md)
- [N.1. When Color is Used](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/color-support/when-color-is-used.md)
- [N.2. Configuring the Colors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/color-support/configuring-the-colors.md)
- [O. Obsolete or Renamed Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/appendixes/o.-obsolete-or-renamed-features.md)
- [參考書目](https://docs.postgresql.tw/16/bibliography.md)

## 17

- [簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/readme.md): 本使用手冊由台灣 PostgreSQL 社群提供，翻譯自 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，以推廣 PostgreSQL 於台灣的應用。
- [前言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/preface.md)
- [1. 什麼是 PostgreSQL？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/preface/01_intro-whatis.md)
- [2. PostgreSQL 沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/preface/02_history.md)
- [3. 慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/preface/03_notation.md)
- [4. 其他參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/preface/04_resources.md)
- [5. 問題回報指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/preface/05_bug-reporting.md)
- [I. 新手教學](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial.md)
- [1. 入門指南](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/getting-started.md)
- [1.1. 安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/getting-started/installation.md): 版本：11
- [1.2. 基礎架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/getting-started/architectural-fundamentals.md): 版本：11
- [1.3. 建立一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/getting-started/creating-a-database.md)
- [1.4. 存取一個資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/getting-started/accessing-a-database.md)
- [2. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language.md)
- [2.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/introduction.md)
- [2.2. 概念](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/concepts.md)
- [2.3. 創建一個新的資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/creating-a-new-table.md)
- [2.4. 資料列是資料表的組成單位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/populating-a-table-with-rows.md)
- [2.5. 資料表的查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/querying-a-table.md)
- [2.6. 交叉查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/joins-between-tables.md)
- [2.7. 彙總查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/aggregate-functions.md)
- [2.8. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/updates.md)
- [2.9. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/the-sql-language/deletions.md)
- [3. 先進功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features.md)
- [3.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features/introduction.md)
- [3.2. 檢視表（View）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features/views.md)
- [3.3. 外部索引鍵](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features/foreign-keys.md)
- [3.4. 交易安全](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features/transactions.md)
- [3.5. 窗函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features/window-functions.md)
- [3.6. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features/inheritance.md)
- [3.7. 結論](https://docs.postgresql.tw/tutorial/advanced-features/conclusion.md)
- [II. SQL 查詢語言](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language.md)
- [4. SQL 語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/sql-syntax.md)
- [4.1. 語法結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/lexical-structure.md)
- [4.2. 參數表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/value-expressions.md)
- [4.3. 函數呼叫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/sql-syntax/4.3.-han-shu-hu-jiao.md)
- [5. 定義資料結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl.md)
- [5.1. 認識資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/table-basics.md)
- [5.2. 預設值](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/default-values.md)
- [5.3. Generated Columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/generated-columns.md)
- [5.4. 限制條件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/constraints.md)
- [5.5. 系統欄位](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/system-columns.md)
- [5.6. 表格變更](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/modifying-tables.md)
- [5.7. 權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/privileges.md)
- [5.8. 資料列安全原則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/row-security-policies.md)
- [5.9. Schemas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/schemas.md)
- [5.10. 繼承](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/inheritance.md)
- [5.11. 分割資料表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/table-partitioning.md)
- [5.12. 外部資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/foreign-data.md)
- [5.13. 其他資料庫物件](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/other-database-objects.md)
- [5.14. 相依性追蹤](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/ddl/dependency-tracking.md)
- [6. 資料處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-manipulation.md)
- [6.1. 新增資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.1.-xin-zeng-zi-liao.md)
- [6.2. 更新資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.2.-geng-xin-zi-liao.md)
- [6.3. 刪除資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/6.3.-shan-chu-zi-liao.md)
- [6.4. 修改並回傳資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-manipulation/returning-data-from-modified-rows.md)
- [7. 資料查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries.md)
- [7.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/overview.md)
- [7.2. 資料表表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/table-expressions.md)
- [7.3. 取得資料列表](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/select-lists.md)
- [7.4. 合併查詢結果](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/combining-queries.md)
- [7.5. 資料排序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/sorting-rows.md)
- [7.6. LIMIT 和 OFFSET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/limit-and-offset.md)
- [7.7. VALUES 列舉資料](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/values-lists.md)
- [7.8. WITH Querys（Common Table Expressions）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/queries/with-queries.md)
- [8. 資料型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types.md)
- [8.1. 數字型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/numeric-types.md)
- [8.2. 貨幣型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/monetary-types.md)
- [8.3. 字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/character-types.md)
- [8.4. 位元組型別（bytea）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/binary.md)
- [8.5. 日期時間型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/date-time.md)
- [8.6. 布林型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/boolean-type.md)
- [8.7. 列舉型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/enumerated-types.md)
- [8.8. 幾何資訊型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/geometric-types.md)
- [8.9. 網路位址型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/network-address-types.md)
- [8.10. 位元字串型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/bit-string-types.md)
- [8.11. 全文檢索型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/text-search-types.md)
- [8.12. UUID 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/uuid-type.md)
- [8.13. XML 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/xml-type.md)
- [8.14. JSON 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/json-types.md)
- [8.15. 陣列](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/arrays.md)
- [8.16. 複合型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/composite-types.md)
- [8.17. 範圍型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/range-types.md)
- [8.18. Domain Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/domain-types.md)
- [8.19. 物件指標型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/object-identifier-types.md)
- [8.20. pg\_lsn 型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/pg_lsn-type.md)
- [8.21. 概念型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/data-types/pseudo-types.md)
- [9. 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.1. 邏輯運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/logical-operators.md)
- [9.2. 比較函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/comparison-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.3. 數學函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/mathematical-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.4. 字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.5. 位元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/binary-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.6. 二元字串函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/bit-string-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.7. 特徵比對](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/pattern-matching.md): 版本：11
- [9.8. 型別轉換函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/data-type-formatting-functions.md)
- [9.9 日期時間函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/date-time-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.10. 列舉型別函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/enum-support-functions.md)
- [9.11. 幾何函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/geometric-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.12. 網路位址函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/network-address-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.13. 文字檢索函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/text-search-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.14. UUID Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/uuid-functions.md)
- [9.15. XML 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/xml.md): 版本：11
- [9.16. JSON 函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/json-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.17. 序列函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/sequence-manipulation-functions.md)
- [9.18. 條件表示式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/conditional-expressions.md)
- [9.19. 陣列函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/array-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.20. 範圍函式及運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/range-functions-and-operators.md)
- [9.21. 彙總函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/aggregate-functions.md): 版本：11
- [9.22. Window 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/window-functions.md)
- [9.23. 子查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/subquery-expressions.md)
- [9.24. 資料列與陣列的比較運算](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/row-and-array-comparisons.md)
- [9.25. 集合回傳函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/set-returning-functions.md)
- [9.26. 系統資訊函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-information-functions.md)
- [9.27. 系統管理函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/system-administration.md)
- [9.28. 觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/trigger-functions.md)
- [9.29. 事件觸發函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/event-trigger-functions.md)
- [9.30. Statistics Information Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/functions-and-operators/statistics-information-functions.md)
- [10. 型別轉換](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/type-conversion.md)
- [10.1. 概觀](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.1.-gai-guan.md)
- [10.2. 運算子](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.2.-yun-suan-zi.md)
- [10.3. 函式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.3.-han-shi.md)
- [10.4. 資料儲存轉換規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/type-conversion/value-storage.md): 版本：11
- [10.5. UNION、CASE 等相關結構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/type-conversion/union-case-and-related-constructs.md)
- [10.6. SELECT 輸出規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/type-conversion/10.6.-select-shu-chu-gui-ze.md)
- [11. 索引（Index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index.md)
- [11.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/introduction.md)
- [11.2. 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/index-types.md)
- [11.3. 多欄位索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/multicolumn-indexes.md)
- [11.4. 索引與 ORDER BY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-order-by.md)
- [11.5. 善用多個索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/combining-multiple-indexes.md)
- [11.6. 唯一值索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/unique-indexes.md)
- [11.7. 表示式索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/indexes-on-expressions.md)
- [11.8. 部份索引（partial index）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/partial-indexes.md)
- [11.9. Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/index-only-scans-and-covering-indexes.md)
- [11.10. 運算子物件及家族](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/operator-classes-and-operator-families.md)
- [11.11. 索引與排序規則](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/indexes-and-collations.md)
- [11.12. 檢查索引運用](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/index/examining-index-usage.md)
- [12. 全文檢索](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo.md)
- [12.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.1.-jian-jie.md)
- [12.2. 查詢與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.2.-cha-xun-yu-suo-yin.md)
- [12.3. 細部控制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.3.-xi-bu-kong-zhi.md)
- [12.4. 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.4.-yan-shen-gong-neng.md)
- [12.5. 斷詞](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.5.-duan-ci.md)
- [12.6. 字典](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.6.-zi-dian.md)
- [12.7. 組態範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.7.-zu-tai-fan-li.md)
- [12.8. 測試與除錯](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.8.-ce-shi-yu-chu-cuo.md)
- [12.9. GIN 及 GiST 索引型別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.9.-gin-ji-gist-suo-yin-xing-bie.md)
- [12.10. psql支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.10.-psql-zhi-yuan.md)
- [12.11. 功能限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/12.-quan-wen-jian-suo/12.11.-gong-neng-xian-zhi.md)
- [13. 一致性管理（Concurrency Control）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control.md)
- [13.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/introduction.md)
- [13.2. 交易隔離](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/transaction-isolation.md)
- [13.3. 鎖定模式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/explicit-locking.md)
- [13.4. 在應用端檢視資料一致性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/data-consistency-checks-at-the-application-level.md)
- [13.5. Serialization Failure Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/mvcc-serialization-failure-handling.md)
- [13.6. 特別提醒](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/caveats.md)
- [13.7. 鎖定與索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/concurrency-control/locking-and-indexes.md)
- [14. 效能技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/performance-tips.md)
- [14.1. 善用 EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/performance-tips/using-explain.md)
- [14.2. 統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/performance-tips/statistics-used-by-the-planner.md)
- [14.3. 使用確切的 JOIN 方式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/performance-tips/controlling-the-planner-with-explicit-join-clauses.md)
- [14.4. 快速建立資料庫內容](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/performance-tips/populating-a-database.md)
- [14.5. 風險性彈性設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/performance-tips/non-durable-settings.md)
- [15. 平行查詢](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/parallel-query.md)
- [15.1. 如何運作？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/parallel-query/how-parallel-query-works.md)
- [15.2. 啓用時機？](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/parallel-query/when-can-parallel-query-be-used.md)
- [15.3. 平行查詢計畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-plans.md)
- [15.4. 平行查詢的安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/the-sql-language/parallel-query/parallel-safety.md)
- [III. 系統管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration.md)
- [16. 以預編譯套件安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-binaries.md)
- [17. 以原始碼安裝](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code.md)
- [17.1. 簡要步驟](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/short-version.md)
- [17.2. 環境需求](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/requirements.md)
- [17.3. Getting The Source](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/getting-the-source.md)
- [17.4. 安裝流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/installation-procedure.md)
- [17.5. Post-Installation Setup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/post-installation-setup.md)
- [17.6. Supported Platforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/supported-platforms.md)
- [17.7. 平台相關的注意事項](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/installation-from-source-code/platform-specific-notes.md)
- [18. 服務配置與維運](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation.md)
- [18.1. PostgreSQL 使用者帳號](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/postgres-user.md)
- [18.2. Creating a Database Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/creating-cluster.md)
- [18.3. Starting the Database Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/starting-the-database-server.md)
- [18.4. 核心資源管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/managing-kernel-resources.md)
- [18.5. Shutting Down the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/shutting-down-the-server.md)
- [18.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.6.-upgrading-a-postgresql-cluster.md)
- [18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/preventing-server-spoofing.md)
- [18.8. Encryption Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/encryption-options.md)
- [18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssl.md)
- [18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-gssapi-encryption.md)
- [18.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/secure-tcp-ip-connections-with-ssh-tunnels.md)
- [18.12. 在 Windows 註冊事件日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-setup-and-operation/18.11.-zai-windows-zhu-ce-shi-jian-ri-zhi.md)
- [19. 服務組態設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration.md)
- [20.1. Setting Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/setting-parameters.md)
- [20.2. File Locations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/file-locations.md)
- [20.3. 連線與認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/connections-and-authentication.md)
- [20.4. 資源配置](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/resource-consumption.md)
- [20.5. Write Ahead Log](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/write-ahead-log.md)
- [20.6. 複寫（Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/replication.md)
- [20.7. 查詢規畫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/query-planning.md)
- [20.8. 錯誤回報與日誌記錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/error-reporting-and-logging.md)
- [20.9. 執行階段統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/run-time-statistics.md)
- [20.10. 自動資料庫清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/automatic-vacuuming.md)
- [20.11. 用戶端連線預設參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/client-connection-defaults.md)
- [20.12. 交易鎖定管理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/19.12.-jiao-yi-suo-ding-guan-li.md)
- [20.13. 版本與平台的相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/19.13.-ban-ben-yu-ping-tai-de-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [20.14. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/error-handling.md)
- [20.15. 預先配置的參數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/19.15.-yu-xian-pei-zhi-de-can-shu.md)
- [20.16. Customized Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/customized-options.md)
- [20.17. Developer Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/developer-options.md)
- [20.18. Short Options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/server-configuration/short-options.md)
- [20. 使用者認證](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication.md)
- [21.1. 設定檔：pg\_hba.conf](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/the-pg_hba.conf-file.md)
- [21.2. User Name Maps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/user-name-maps.md)
- [21.3. Authentication Methods](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/authentication-methods.md)
- [21.4. Trust Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/trust-authentication.md)
- [21.5. Password Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/password-authentication.md)
- [21.6. GSSAPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/gssapi-authentication.md)
- [21.7. SSPI Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/sspi-authentication.md)
- [21.8. Ident Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/ident-authentication.md)
- [21.9. Peer Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/peer-authentication.md)
- [21.10. LDAP Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/ldap-authentication.md)
- [21.11. RADIUS Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/radius-authentication.md)
- [21.12. Certificate Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/certificate-authentication.md)
- [21.13. PAM Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/pam-authentication.md)
- [21.14. BSD Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/21.14.-bsd-authentication.md)
- [21.15. Authentication Problems](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/client-authentication/21.15.-authentication-problems.md)
- [21. 資料庫角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/database-roles.md)
- [22.1. Database Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/database-roles/database-roles.md)
- [22.2. Role Attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/database-roles/role-attributes.md)
- [22.3. Role Membership](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/database-roles/role-membership.md)
- [22.4. 移除角色](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/database-roles/dropping-roles.md)
- [22.5. Default Roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/database-roles/default-roles.md)
- [22.6. Function Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/database-roles/function-security.md)
- [22. 管理資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/managing-databases.md)
- [23.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/managing-databases/overview.md)
- [23.2. Creating a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/managing-databases/creating-a-database.md)
- [23.3. 樣版資料庫](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/managing-databases/template-databases.md)
- [23.4. Database Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/managing-databases/database-configuration.md)
- [23.5. Destroying a Database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/managing-databases/destroying-a-database.md)
- [23.6. Tablespaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/managing-databases/tablespaces.md)
- [23. 語系](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/localization.md)
- [24.1. 語系支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/localization/locale-support.md)
- [24.2. Collation Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/localization/collation-support.md)
- [24.3. 字元集支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/localization/character-set-support.md)
- [24. 例行性資料庫維護工作](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks.md)
- [25.1. 例行性資料清理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-vacuuming.md)
- [25.2. 定期重建索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/routine-reindexing.md)
- [25.3. Log 檔案維護](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/routine-database-maintenance-tasks/log-file-maintenance.md)
- [25. 備份及還原](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/backup-and-restore.md)
- [26.1. SQL Dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/backup-and-restore/sql-dump.md)
- [26.2. 檔案系統層級備份](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/backup-and-restore/file-system-level-backup.md)
- [26.3. 持續封存及 Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/backup-and-restore/continuous-archiving-and-point-in-time-recovery-pitr.md)
- [26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication.md)
- [27.1. 比較不同的解決方案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/comparison-of-different-solutions.md)
- [27.2. 日誌轉送備用伺服器 Log-Shipping Standby Servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/log-shipping-standby-servers.md)
- [27.3. Failover](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/failover.md)
- [27.4. Hot Standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/high-availability-load-balancing-and-replication/hot-standby.md)
- [27. 監控資料庫活動](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity.md)
- [28.1. 標準的 Unix 工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/standard-unix-tools.md)
- [28.2. 統計資訊收集器](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/the-statistics-collector.md)
- [28.3. Viewing Locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/viewing-locks.md)
- [28.4. Progress Reporting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/progress-reporting.md)
- [28.5. Dynamic Tracing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/monitoring-database-activity/dynamic-tracing.md)
- [28. 高可靠度及預寫日誌](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log.md)
- [30.1. 可靠度](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/reliability.md)
- [30.2. Data Checksums](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/30.2.-data-checksums.md)
- [30.3. Write-Ahead Logging（WAL）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/write-ahead-logging-wal.md)
- [30.4. Asynchronous Commit](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/asynchronous-commit.md)
- [30.5. WAL Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-configuration.md)
- [30.6. WAL Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/reliability-and-the-write-ahead-log/wal-internals.md)
- [29. 邏輯複寫（Logical Replication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication.md)
- [31.1. 發佈（Publication）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/publication.md)
- [31.2. 訂閱（Subscription）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/subscription.md)
- [31.3. Row Filters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/31.3.-row-filters.md)
- [31.4. Column Lists](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/31.4.-column-lists.md)
- [31.5. 衝突處理](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/conflicts.md)
- [31.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/restrictions.md)
- [31.7. 架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/architecture.md)
- [31.8. 監控](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/monitoring.md)
- [31.9. 安全性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/security.md)
- [31.10. 系統設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/configuration-settings.md)
- [31.11. 快速設定](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/logical-replication/quick-setup.md)
- [30. Just-in-Time Compilation（JIT）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation.md)
- [32.1. What is JIT compilation?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/what-is-jit-compilation.md)
- [32.2. When to JIT?](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/when-to-jit.md)
- [32.3. Configuration](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/configuration.md)
- [32.4. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/just-in-time-compilation/extensibility.md)
- [31. 迴歸測試](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/regression-tests.md)
- [33.1. Running the Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/regression-tests/32.1.-running-the-tests.md)
- [33.2. Test Evaluation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/regression-tests/32.2.-test-evaluation.md)
- [33.3. Variant Comparison Files](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/regression-tests/32.3.-variant-comparison-files.md)
- [33.4. TAP Tests](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/regression-tests/32.4.-tap-tests.md)
- [33.5. Test Coverage Examination](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-administration/regression-tests/32.5.-test-coverage-examination.md)
- [IV. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces.md)
- [32. libpq - C Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library.md)
- [33.1. 資料庫連線控制函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/database-connection-control-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.2. 連線狀態函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions.md): 版本：11
- [33.3. Command Execution Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/connection-status-functions-2.md)
- [33.4. Asynchronous Command Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/asynchronous-command-processing.md)
- [33.5. Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/retrieving-query-results-row-by-row.md)
- [33.6. Canceling Queries in Progress](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.6.-canceling-queries-in-progress.md)
- [33.7. The Fast-Path Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.7.-the-fast-path-interface.md)
- [33.8. Asynchronous Notification](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.8.-asynchronous-notification.md)
- [33.9. Functions Associated with the COPY Command](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.9.-functions-associated-with-the-copy-command.md)
- [33.10. Control Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/control-functions.md)
- [33.11. Miscellaneous Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.11.-miscellaneous-functions.md)
- [33.12. Notice Processing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.12.-notice-processing.md)
- [33.13. Event System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.13.-event-system.md)
- [33.14. 環境變數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/environment-variables.md): 版本：11
- [34.16. 密碼檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/libpq-pgpass.md)
- [33.16. The Connection Service File](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.16.-the-connection-service-file.md)
- [33.17. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.17.-ldap-lookup-of-connection-parameters.md)
- [33.18. SSL Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.18.-ssl-support.md)
- [33.19. Behavior in Threaded Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.19.-behavior-in-threaded-programs.md)
- [33.20. Building libpq Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/33.20.-building-libpq-programs.md)
- [33.21. Example Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/libpq-c-library/example-programs.md)
- [33. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects.md)
- [35.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.1.-introduction.md)
- [35.2. Implementation Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.2.-implementation-features.md)
- [35.3. Client Interfaces](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.3.-client-interfaces.md)
- [35.4. Server-side Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.4.-server-side-functions.md)
- [35.5. Example Program](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/34.-large-objects/34.5.-example-program.md)
- [34. ECPG - Embedded SQL in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c.md)
- [35.1. The Concept](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/the-concept.md)
- [35.2. Managing Database Connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.2.-managing-database-connections.md)
- [35.3. Running SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.3.-running-sql-commands.md)
- [35.4. Using Host Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.4.-using-host-variables.md)
- [35.5. Dynamic SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.5.-dynamic-sql.md)
- [35.6. pgtypes Library](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.6.-pgtypes-library.md)
- [35.7. Using Descriptor Areas](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.7.-using-descriptor-areas.md)
- [35.8. Error Handling](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.8.-error-handling.md)
- [35.9. Preprocessor Directives](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.9.-preprocessor-directives.md)
- [35.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.10.-processing-embedded-sql-programs.md)
- [35.11. Library Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.11.-library-functions.md)
- [35.12. Large Objects](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.12.-large-objects.md)
- [35.13. C++ Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.13.-c++-applications.md)
- [35.14. Embedded SQL Commands](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.14.-embedded-sql-commands.md)
- [35.15. Informix Compatibility Mode](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.15.-informix-compatibility-mode.md)
- [35.16. Internals](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/ecpg-embedded-sql-in-c/35.16.-internals.md)
- [35. The Information Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema.md)
- [37.1. The Schema](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/the-schema.md)
- [37.2. Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data-types.md)
- [37.3. information\_schema\_catalog\_name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/information_schema_catalog_name.md)
- [37.4. administrable\_role\_authorizations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/administrable_role_authorizations.md)
- [37.5. applicable\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/applicable_roles.md)
- [37.7. attributes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/attributes.md)
- [37.7. character\_sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/character_sets.md)
- [37.8. check\_constraint\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraint_routine_usage.md)
- [37.9. check\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/check_constraints.md)
- [37.10. collations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collations.md)
- [37.11. collation\_character\_set\_applicability](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/collation_character_set_applicability.md)
- [37.12. column\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_column_usage.md)
- [37.13. column\_domain\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.12.-column_domain_usage.md)
- [37.14. column\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_options.md)
- [37.15. column\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_privileges.md)
- [37.16. column\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/column_udt_usage.md)
- [37.17. columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/columns.md)
- [37.18. constraint\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_column_usage.md)
- [37.19. constraint\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/constraint_table_usage.md)
- [37.20. data\_type\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/data_type_privileges.md)
- [37.21. domain\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/domain_constraints.md)
- [37.21. domain\_udt\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.21.-domain_udt_usage.md)
- [37.22. domains](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.22.-domains.md)
- [37.23. element\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.23.-element_types.md)
- [37.24. enabled\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.24.-enabled_roles.md)
- [37.25. foreign\_data\_wrapper\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.25.-foreign_data_wrapper_options.md)
- [37.26. foreign\_data\_wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.26.-foreign_data_wrappers.md)
- [37.27. foreign\_server\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.27.-foreign_server_options.md)
- [37.28. foreign\_servers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.28.-foreign_servers.md)
- [37.29. foreign\_table\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.29.-foreign_table_options.md)
- [37.30. foreign\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.30.-foreign_tables.md)
- [36.32. key\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/key_column_usage.md)
- [37.33. parameters](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/parameters.md)
- [36.34. referential\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/referential_constraints.md)
- [37.34. role\_column\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.34.-role_column_grants.md)
- [37.35. role\_routine\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.35.-role_routine_grants.md)
- [37.37. role\_table\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_table_grants.md)
- [37.38. role\_udt\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_udt_grants.md)
- [37.39. role\_usage\_grants](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/role_usage_grants.md)
- [37.40. routine\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/routine_column_usage.md)
- [37.41. routine\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/routine_privileges.md)
- [37.45. routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.40.-routines.md)
- [37.46. schemata](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/schemata.md)
- [37.47. sequences](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.42.-sequences.md)
- [37.48. sql\_features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.43.-sql_features.md)
- [37.49. sql\_implementation\_info](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.44.-sql_implementation_info.md)
- [37.50. sql\_parts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.47.-sql_parts.md)
- [37.51. sql\_sizing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.48.-sql_sizing.md)
- [36.51. table\_constraints](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/table_constraints.md)
- [36.49. table\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.51.-table_privileges.md)
- [37.52. tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.52.-tables.md)
- [37.53. transforms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.53.-transforms.md)
- [37.54. triggered\_update\_columns](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.54.-triggered_update_columns.md)
- [37.55. triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.55.-triggers.md)
- [37.56. udt\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.56.-udt_privileges.md)
- [37.57. usage\_privileges](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.57.-usage_privileges.md)
- [37.58. user\_defined\_types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.58.-user_defined_types.md)
- [37.59. user\_mapping\_options](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.59.-user_mapping_options.md)
- [37.60. user\_mappings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/36.60.-user_mappings.md)
- [37.63. view\_column\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_column_usage.md)
- [37.64. view\_routine\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_routine_usage.md)
- [37.65. view\_table\_usage](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/view_table_usage.md)
- [37.66. views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/client-interfaces/the-information-schema/views.md)
- [V. 資料庫程式設計](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming.md)
- [38. SQL 延伸功能](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql.md)
- [38.1. How Extensibility Works](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/37.1.-how-extensibility-works.md): 版本：11
- [38.2. The PostgreSQL Type System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/37.2.-the-postgresql-type-system.md)
- [38.3. 使用者自訂函數](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-functions.md)
- [38.4. User-defined Procedures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-procedures.md)
- [38.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/query-language-sql-functions.md)
- [38.6. Function Overloading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/function-overloading.md)
- [38.7. 函數易變性類別](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/function-volatility-categories.md)
- [38.8. Procedural Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/procedural-language-functions.md)
- [38.9. Internal Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/internal-functions.md)
- [38.10. C-Language Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/c-language-functions.md)
- [38.11. Function Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/function-optimization-information.md)
- [38.12. User-defined Aggregates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-aggregates.md)
- [38.13. User-defined Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-types.md)
- [38.14. User-defined Operators](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/user-defined-operators.md)
- [38.15. Operator Optimization Information](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/operator-optimization-information.md)
- [38.16. Interfacing Extensions To Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/interfacing-extensions-to-indexes.md): 版本：11
- [38.17. 封裝相關物件到延伸功能中](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/packaging-related-objects-into-an-extension.md)
- [38.18. Extension Building Infrastructure](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/extending-sql/extension-building-infrastructure.md)
- [39. Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/triggers.md)
- [39.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/triggers/overview-of-trigger-behavior.md)
- [39.2. Visibility of Data Changes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/triggers/visibility-of-data-changes.md)
- [39.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/triggers/writing-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [39.4. A Complete Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/triggers/a-complete-trigger-example.md)
- [40. Event Triggers (事件觸發)](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/event-triggers.md)
- [40.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/event-triggers/overview-of-event-trigger-behavior.md)
- [40.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/event-triggers/event-trigger-firing-matrix.md)
- [40.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/event-triggers/writing-event-trigger-functions-in-c.md)
- [40.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/event-triggers/a-complete-event-trigger-example.md)
- [41. 規則系統](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system.md)
- [41.1. The Query Tree](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system/the-query-tree.md)
- [41.2. Views and the Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system/views-and-the-rule-system.md)
- [41.3. Materialized Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system/materialized-views.md)
- [41.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-on-insert-update-and-delete.md)
- [41.5. 規則及權限](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-privileges.md)
- [41.6. Rules and Command Status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-and-command-status.md)
- [41.7. Rules Versus Triggers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/the-rule-system/rules-versus-triggers.md)
- [42. Procedural Languages（程序語言）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/procedural-languages.md)
- [42.1. Installing Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/procedural-languages/installing-procedural-languages.md)
- [43. PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language.md)
- [43.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/overview.md)
- [43.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/structure-of-pl-pgsql.md)
- [43.3. Declarations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/declarations.md)
- [43.4. Expressions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/expressions.md)
- [43.5. 基本語法](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/basic-statements.md)
- [43.6. Control Structures](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/control-structures.md)
- [43.7. Cursors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.7.-cursors.md)
- [43.8. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.8.-transaction-management.md)
- [43.9. Errors and Messages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.9.-errors-and-messages.md)
- [43.10. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.10.-trigger-functions.md)
- [43.11. PL/pgSQL under the Hood](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.11.-pl-pgsql-under-the-hood.md)
- [43.12. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.12.-tips-for-developing-in-pl-pgsql.md)
- [43.13. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-pgsql-sql-procedural-language/43.13.-porting-from-oracle-pl-sql.md)
- [44. PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-tcl-tcl-procedural-language.md)
- [45. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-perl-perl-procedural-language.md)
- [46. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1.md)
- [46.1. PL/Python Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/pl-python-functions.md)
- [46.2. Data Values](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/data-values.md)
- [46.3. Sharing Data](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/sharing-data.md)
- [46.4. Anonymous Code Blocks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/anonymous-code-blocks.md)
- [46.5. Trigger Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/trigger-functions.md)
- [46.6. Database Access](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/database-access.md)
- [46.7. Explicit Subtransactions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/explicit-subtransactions.md)
- [46.8. Transaction Management](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/transaction-management.md)
- [46.9. Utility Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/utility-functions.md)
- [46.10. Python 2 vs. Python 3](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/python-2-vs.-python-3.md)
- [46.11. Environment Variables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/pl-python-python-procedural-language-1/environment-variables.md)
- [47. Server Programming Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/server-programming-interface.md)
- [48. Background Worker Processes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/background-worker-processes.md)
- [49. Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding.md)
- [48.1. Logical Decoding Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-examples.md)
- [48.2. Logical Decoding Concepts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-concepts.md)
- [48.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/streaming-replication-protocol-interface.md)
- [48.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-sql-interface.md)
- [48.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/system-catalogs-related-to-logical-decoding.md)
- [48.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-plugins.md)
- [48.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/logical-decoding-output-writers.md)
- [48.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/logical-decoding/synchronous-replication-support-for-logical-decoding.md)
- [50. Replication Progress Tracking](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/replication-progress-tracking.md)
- [51. Archive Modules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/51.-archive-modules.md)
- [51.1. Initialization Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/51.-archive-modules/51.1.-initialization-functions.md)
- [51.2. Archive Module Callbacks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/server-programming/51.-archive-modules/51.2.-archive-module-callbacks.md)
- [VI. 參考資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference.md)
- [I. SQL 指令](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands.md)
- [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-database.md)
- [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-default-privileges.md)
- [ALTER EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-extension.md)
- [ALTER FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-function.md)
- [ALTER INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-index.md)
- [ALTER LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-language.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-materialized-view.md)
- [ALTER POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-policy.md)
- [ALTER PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-publication.md)
- [ALTER ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-role.md)
- [ALTER RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-rule.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-schema.md)
- [ALTER SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-sequence.md)
- [ALTER STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-subscription.md)
- [ALTER SYSTEM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-system.md)
- [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-table.md)
- [ALTER TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-tablespace.md)
- [ALTER TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-trigger.md)
- [ALTER TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-type.md)
- [ALTER USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-user.md)
- [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/alter-view.md)
- [ANALYZE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/analyze.md)
- [CLUSTER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/cluster.md)
- [COMMENT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/comment.md)
- [COMMIT PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/commit-prepared.md)
- [COPY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/copy.md)
- [CREATE ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-access-method.md)
- [CREATE CAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-cast.md)
- [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-database.md)
- [CREATE EVENT TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-event-trigger.md)
- [CREATE EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-extension.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-table.md)
- [CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-function.md)
- [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-index.md)
- [CREATE LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-language.md)
- [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-materialized-view.md)
- [CREATE DOMAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-domain.md)
- [CREATE POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-policy.md)
- [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-procedure.md)
- [CREATE PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-publication.md)
- [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-role.md)
- [CREATE RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-rule.md)
- [CREATE SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-schema.md)
- [CREATE SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-sequence.md)
- [CREATE SERVER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-server.md)
- [CREATE STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-subscription.md)
- [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-table.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TABLE AS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-table-as.md)
- [CREATE TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-tablespace.md)
- [CREATE TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-transform.md)
- [CREATE TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-trigger.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-type.md): 版本：11
- [CREATE USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-user.md)
- [CREATE USER MAPPING](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-user-mapping.md)
- [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/create-view.md)
- [DEALLOCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/deallocate.md)
- [DELETE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/delete.md)
- [DO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/do.md): 版本：11
- [DROP ACCESS METHOD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-access-method.md)
- [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-database.md)
- [DROP EXTENSION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-extension.md)
- [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-function.md)
- [DROP INDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-index.md)
- [DROP LANGUAGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-language.md): 版本：11
- [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-materialized-view.md)
- [DROP OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-owned.md)
- [DROP POLICY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-policy.md)
- [DROP PUBLICATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-publication.md)
- [DROP ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-role.md)
- [DROP RULE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-rule.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-schema.md)
- [DROP SEQUENCE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-sequence.md)
- [DROP STATISTICS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-statistics.md): 版本：11
- [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-subscription.md)
- [DROP TABLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-table.md)
- [DROP TABLESPACE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-tablespace.md)
- [DROP TRANSFORM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-transform.md)
- [DROP TRIGGER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-trigger.md)
- [DROP TYPE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-type.md)
- [DROP USER](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-user.md)
- [DROP VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/drop-view.md)
- [EXECUTE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/execute.md)
- [EXPLAIN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/explain.md)
- [GRANT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/grant.md)
- [IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/import-foreign-schema.md)
- [INSERT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/insert.md)
- [LISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/listen.md)
- [LOAD](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/load.md)
- [MERGE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/merge.md)
- [NOTIFY](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/notify.md)
- [PREPARE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/prepare.md)
- [PREPARE TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/prepare-transaction.md)
- [REASSIGN OWNED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/reassign-owned.md)
- [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/refresh-materialized-view.md)
- [REINDEX](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/reindex.md)
- [RESET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/reset.md)
- [REVOKE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/revoke.md)
- [ROLLBACK PREPARED](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/rollback-prepared.md)
- [SECURITY LABEL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/security-label.md)
- [SELECT](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/select.md)
- [SELECT INTO](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/select-into.md)
- [SET](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/set.md)
- [SET CONSTRAINTS](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/set-constraints.md)
- [SET ROLE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/set-role.md)
- [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/set-session-authorization.md)
- [SET TRANSACTION](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/set-transaction.md)
- [SHOW](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/show.md)
- [TRUNCATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/truncate.md)
- [UNLISTEN](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/unlisten.md)
- [UPDATE](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/update.md)
- [VACUUM](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/vacuum.md)
- [VALUES](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/sql-commands/values.md)
- [II. PostgreSQL 用戶端工具](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications.md)
- [createdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/createdb.md)
- [createuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/createuser.md)
- [dropdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/dropdb.md)
- [dropuser](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/dropuser.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [pgbench](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pgbench.md)
- [pg\_basebackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_basebackup.md)
- [pg\_dump](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_dump.md)
- [pg\_dumpall](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_dumpall.md)
- [pg\_isready](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_isready.md)
- [pg\_receivewal](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_receivewal.md)
- [pg\_recvlogical](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_recvlogical.md)
- [pg\_restore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_restore.md)
- [pg\_verifybackup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/pg_verifybackup.md)
- [psql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/psql.md)
- [vacuumdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/client-applications/vacuumdb.md)
- [III. PostgreSQL 伺服器應用程式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications.md)
- [initdb](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/initdb.md)
- [pg\_archivecleanup](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/pg_archivecleanup.md)
- [pg\_ctl](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/pg_ctl.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [pg\_test\_fsync](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/pg_test_fsync.md)
- [pg\_test\_timing](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/pg_test_timing.md)
- [pg\_upgrade](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/pg_upgrade.md)
- [postgres](https://docs.postgresql.tw/reference/server-applications/postgres.md)
- [VII. 資料庫進階](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals.md)
- [52. PostgreSQL 的內部架構](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals.md)
- [52.1. 處理查詢語句的流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-path-of-a-query.md)
- [52.2. 連線是如何被建立的](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/how-connections-are-established.md): 連線是如何被建立的
- [52.3. 解析器階段](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/the-parser-stage.md): 解析器階段
- [52.4. The PostgreSQL Rule System](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/50.4.-the-postgresql-rule-system.md)
- [52.5. Planner/Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/planner-optimizer.md)
- [52.6. Executor](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/overview-of-postgresql-internals/executor.md)
- [53. 系統資訊目錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs.md)
- [51.3. pg\_am](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_am.md)
- [51.7. pg\_attribute](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_attribute.md)
- [51.8. pg\_authid](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_authid.md)
- [51.9. pg\_auth\_members](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_auth_members.md)
- [51.10. pg\_cast](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_cast.md)
- [51.11 pg\_class](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_class.md): 版本：11
- [51.12. pg\_collation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_collation.md)
- [51.13. pg\_constraint](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_constraint.md)
- [51.15 pg\_database](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_database.md)
- [51.21. pg\_event\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_event_trigger.md)
- [51.22. pg\_extension](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_extension.md)
- [51.26 pg\_index](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_index.md)
- [51.29. pg\_language](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_language.md): 版本：11
- [51.32. pg\_namespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_namespace.md): 版本：11
- [51.33. pg\_opclass](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_opclass.md)
- [51.38. pg\_policy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_policy.md)
- [51.39. pg\_proc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_proc.md): 版本：11
- [51.44. pg\_rewrite](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/51.44.-pg_rewrite.md)
- [51.49. pg\_statistic](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic.md)
- [51.50. pg\_statistic\_ext](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_statistic_ext.md): 版本：11
- [51.52. pg\_subscription](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription.md)
- [51.53. pg\_subscription\_rel](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_subscription_rel.md)
- [51.54. pg\_tablespace](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/51.54.-pg_tablespace.md)
- [51.56. pg\_trigger](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/51.56.-pg_trigger.md)
- [51.62. pg\_type](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_type.md)
- [51.66. pg\_available\_extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extensions.md)
- [51.67. pg\_available\_extension\_versions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_available_extension_versions.md)
- [51.71. pg\_hba\_file\_rules](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_hba_file_rules.md)
- [51.72. pg\_indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_indexes.md)
- [51.73. pg\_locks](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_locks.md)
- [51.77. pg\_prepared\_xacts](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/pg_prepared_xacts.md)
- [51.79. pg\_replication\_origin\_status](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalogs/51.79.-pg_replication_origin_status.md)
- [54. System Views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views.md)
- [54.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/overview.md)
- [54.19. pg\_replication\_slots](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_replication_slots.md)
- [54.20 pg\_roles](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_roles.md)
- [54.24. pg\_settings](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_settings.md)
- [54.25. pg\_shadow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_shadow.md)
- [54.26. pg\_shmem\_allocations](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_shmem_allocations.md)
- [54.27. pg\_stats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_stats.md)
- [54.30. pg\_tables](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_tables.md)
- [54.31. pg\_timezone\_abbrevs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_timezone_abbrevs.md)
- [54.32. pg\_timezone\_names](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_timezone_names.md)
- [54.33. pg\_user](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_user.md)
- [54.35. pg\_views](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/54.-system-views/pg_views.md)
- [55. Frontend/Backend Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol.md)
- [52.1. Overview](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/overview.md)
- [52.2. Message Flow](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.2.-message-flow.md)
- [52.3. SASL Authentication](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.3.-sasl-authentication.md)
- [52.4. Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.5.-logical-streaming-replication-protocol.md)
- [52.6. Message Data Types](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.6.-message-data-types.md)
- [52.7. Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.7.-message-formats.md)
- [52.8. Error and Notice Message Fields](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.8.-error-and-notice-message-fields.md)
- [52.9. Logical Replication Message Formats](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.9.-logical-replication-message-formats.md)
- [52.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/52.-frontend-backend-protocol/52.10.-summary-of-changes-since-protocol-2.0.md)
- [56. PostgreSQL 程式撰寫慣例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions.md)
- [53.1. Formatting](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.1.-formatting.md)
- [53.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.2.-reporting-errors-within-the-server.md)
- [53.3. Error Message Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.3.-error-message-style-guide.md)
- [53.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/postgresql-coding-conventions/54.4.-miscellaneous-coding-conventions.md)
- [57. Native Language Support](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/native-language-support.md)
- [54.1. For the Translator](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/native-language-support/for-the-translator.md)
- [54.2. For the Programmer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/native-language-support/for-the-programmer.md)
- [58. 撰寫程序語言的處理程序](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/writing-a-procedural-language-handler.md)
- [59. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper.md)
- [56.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-functions.md)
- [56.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-callback-routines.md)
- [56.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-helper-functions.md)
- [56.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/foreign-data-wrapper-query-planning.md)
- [56.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/writing-a-foreign-data-wrapper/row-locking-in-foreign-data-wrappers.md)
- [60. Writing a Table Sampling Method](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/60.-writing-a-table-sampling-method.md)
- [61. Writing a Custom Scan Provider](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/61.-writing-a-custom-scan-provider.md)
- [62. Genetic Query Optimizer](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/genetic-query-optimizer.md)
- [59.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/query-handling-as-a-complex-optimization-problem.md)
- [59.2. Genetic Algorithms](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-algorithms.md)
- [59.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/genetic-query-optimization-geqo-in-postgresql.md)
- [59.4. Further Reading](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/genetic-query-optimizer/further-reading.md)
- [63. Table Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/table-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [64. Index Access Method Interface Definition](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/index-access-method-interface-definition.md)
- [65. Generic WAL Records](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/generic-wal-records.md)
- [66. Custom WAL Resource Managers](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/66.-custom-wal-resource-managers.md)
- [67. B-Tree Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/b-tree-indexes.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/b-tree-indexes/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Behavior of B-Tree Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/b-tree-indexes/behavior-of-b-tree-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. B-Tree Support Functions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/b-tree-indexes/b-tree-support-functions.md)
- [67.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/b-tree-indexes/implementation.md)
- [68. GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gist-indexes.md)
- [64.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [64.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [64.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [64.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [64.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [69. SP-GiST Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/sp-gist-indexes.md)
- [65.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/sp-gist-indexes/introduction.md)
- [65.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/sp-gist-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [65.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/sp-gist-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [65.4. Implementation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/sp-gist-indexes/implementation.md)
- [65.5. Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/sp-gist-indexes/examples.md)
- [70. GIN 索引](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes.md)
- [70.1. 簡介](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes/introduction.md)
- [70.2. 內建運算子類](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [70.3. 延伸介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes/extensibility.md)
- [70.4. 實作說明](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes/implementation.md)
- [70.5. GIN 小技巧](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes/gin-tips-and-tricks.md)
- [70.6. 限制](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes/limitations.md)
- [70.7. 範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/gin-indexes/examples.md)
- [71. BRIN Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/brin.md)
- [67.1. Introduction](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/brin/introduction.md)
- [67.2. Built-in Operator Classes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/brin/built-in-operator-classes.md)
- [67.3. Extensibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/brin/extensibility.md)
- [72. Hash Indexes](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/72.-hash-indexes.md)
- [73. 資料庫實體儲存格式](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/database-physical-storage.md)
- [73.1. Database File Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/database-physical-storage/database-file-layout.md)
- [73.3. TOAST](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/database-physical-storage/toast.md)
- [68.3. Free Space Map](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/database-physical-storage/free-space-map.md)
- [68.4 可視性映射表（Visibility Map）](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/database-physical-storage/visibility-map.md)
- [68.5. The Initialization Fork](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/database-physical-storage/the-initialization-fork.md)
- [68.6. Database Page Layout](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/database-physical-storage/database-page-layout.md)
- [74. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/system-catalog-declarations-and-initial-contents.md)
- [75. 查詢計畫如何使用統計資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics.md)
- [70.1. Row Estimation Examples](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/row-estimation-examples.md)
- [70.2. 多元統計資訊範例](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/multivariate-statistics-examples.md): 版本：11
- [70.3. Planner Statistics and Security](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/how-the-planner-uses-statistics/planner-statistics-and-security.md)
- [76. Backup Manifest Format](https://docs.postgresql.tw/internals/71.-backup-manifest-format.md)
- [VIII. 附錄](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes.md)
- [A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/postgresql-error-codes.md)
- [B. 日期時間格式支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support.md)
- [B.1. 日期時間解譯流程](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support/b.1.-ri-qi-shi-jian-jie-yi-liu-cheng.md)
- [B.2. Handling of Invalid or Ambiguous Timestamps](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-handling-of-invalid-or-ambiguous-timestamps.md)
- [B.3. 日期時間慣用字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support/b.2.-ri-qi-shi-jian-guan-yong-zi.md)
- [B.4. 日期時間設定檔](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support/configuration.md)
- [B.5. POSIX Time Zone Specifications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support/b.5.-posix-time-zone-specifications.md)
- [B.6. 日期時間的沿革](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support/datetime-units-history.md)
- [B.7. Julian Dates](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/date-time-support/b.7.-julian-dates.md)
- [C. SQL 關鍵字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/sql-keywords.md)
- [D. SQL 相容性](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing.md)
- [D.1. Supported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/supported-features.md)
- [D.2. Unsupported Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.2.-unsupported-features.md)
- [D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/d.-sql-xiang-rong-xing/d.3.-xml-limits-and-conformance-to-sql-xml.md)
- [E. 版本資訊](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/release-notes.md)
- [E.1. Release 15.2](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/release-notes/e.1.-release-15.2.md)
- [E.2. Release 15.1](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/release-notes/e.2.-release-15.1.md)
- [E.3. Release 15](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/release-notes/e.3.-release-15.md)
- [E.4. Prior Releases](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/release-notes/e.4.-prior-releases.md)
- [F. 延伸支援模組](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules.md)
- [F.1. adminpack](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/adminpack.md)
- [F.2. amcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/amcheck.md)
- [F.3. auth\_delay](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auth_delay.md)
- [F.4. auto\_explain](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/auto_explain.md)
- [F.5. bloom](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/bloom.md)
- [F.6. btree\_gin](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/btree_gin.md)
- [F.10. dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_connect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect.md)
- [dblink\_connect\_u](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_connect_u.md)
- [dblink\_disconnect](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_disconnect.md)
- [dblink](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink.md)
- [dblink\_exec](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_exec.md)
- [dblink\_open](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_open.md)
- [dblink\_fetch](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_fetch.md)
- [dblink\_close](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_close.md)
- [dblink\_get\_connections](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_connections.md)
- [dblink\_error\_message](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_error_message.md)
- [dblink\_send\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_send_query.md)
- [dblink\_is\_busy](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_is_busy.md)
- [dblink\_get\_notify](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_notify.md)
- [dblink\_get\_result](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_result.md)
- [dblink\_cancel\_query](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_cancel_query.md)
- [dblink\_get\_pkey](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_get_pkey.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_insert](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_insert.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_delete](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_delete.md)
- [dblink\_build\_sql\_update](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/dblink/dblink_build_sql_update.md)
- [F.13. earthdistance](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/earthdistance.md)
- [F.14. file\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/file_fdw.md)
- [F.16. hstore](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/hstore.md)
- [F.24. pg\_buffercache](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_buffercache.md)
- [F.26. passwordcheck](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/f.26.-passwordcheck.md)
- [F.29. pg\_stat\_statements](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_stat_statements.md)
- [F.30. pgstattuple](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pgstattuple.md)
- [F.31. pg\_trgm](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_trgm.md)
- [F.32. pg\_visibility](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/pg_visibility.md)
- [F.38. postgres\_fdw](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/postgres_fdw.md)
- [F.35. sepgsql](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/sepgsql.md)
- [F.43. tablefunc](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tablefunc.md)
- [F.45. test\_decoding](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/test_decoding.md)
- [F.46. tsm\_system\_rows](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_rows.md)
- [F.47. tsm\_system\_time](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/tsm_system_time.md)
- [F.49. uuid-ossp](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-modules/uuid-ossp.md)
- [G. Additional Supplied Programs](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs.md)
- [G.1. Client Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications.md)
- [oid2name](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/oid2name.md)
- [vacuumlo](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/client-applications/vacuumlo.md)
- [G.2. Server Applications](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications.md)
- [pg\_standby](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/additional-supplied-programs/server-applications/pg_standby.md)
- [H. 外部專案](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an.md)
- [H.1. 用戶端介面](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.1.-yong-hu-duan-jie-mian.md)
- [H.2. Administration Tools](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.2.-administration-tools.md)
- [H.3. Procedural Languages](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.3.-procedural-languages.md)
- [H.4. Extensions](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/h.-wai-bu-zhuan-an/h.4.-extensions.md)
- [I. The Source Code Repository](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/the-source-code-repository.md)
- [I.1. Getting The Source via Git](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/the-source-code-repository/getting-the-source-via-git.md)
- [J. 文件取得](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/docguide.md)
- [J.1. DocBook](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/docguide/j.1.-docbook.md)
- [J.2. Tool Sets](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/docguide/j.2.-tool-sets.md)
- [J.3. Building the Documentation](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/docguide/j.3.-building-the-documentation.md)
- [J.4. Documentation Authoring](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/docguide/j.4.-documentation-authoring.md)
- [J.5. Style Guide](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/docguide/j.5.-style-guide.md)
- [K. PostgreSQL Limits](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/postgresql-limits.md)
- [L. 縮寫字](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/acronyms.md)
- [M. Glossary](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/glossary.md)
- [N. 色彩支援](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/color-support.md)
- [N.1. When Color is Used](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/color-support/when-color-is-used.md)
- [N.2. Configuring the Colors](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/color-support/configuring-the-colors.md)
- [O. Obsolete or Renamed Features](https://docs.postgresql.tw/appendixes/o.-obsolete-or-renamed-features.md)
- [參考書目](https://docs.postgresql.tw/bibliography.md)


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