A. PostgreSQL 錯誤代碼

所有由PostgreSQL伺服器回傳的訊息，都會搭配一個 5 個字元的錯誤代碼，這些代碼均以 SQL 標準的 SQLSTATE 代碼所定義。應用程式應該以錯誤代碼作為程式行為，而非處理文字的錯誤訊息。這些錯誤代碼會隨 PostgreSQL 版本發佈而微幅更新，但不會因為不同語言的文字訊息影響其定義。特別注意，部份錯誤代碼是以 SQL 標準的定義所制定，而有些錯誤代碼是額外制定的，以對應其他 SQL 標準未定義的使用情況。

標準來看，錯誤代碼的前 2 個字元代表著這個錯誤的類別，而後面 3 個字元則指出在此類別中更詳細的發生情況。所以，應用程式即使未完整支援特定的錯誤代碼，仍然可以依類別代碼瞭解大概發生了什麼事。

下方的 Table A.1 列出了所有在 PostgreSQL 10 中所定義的錯誤代碼。（部份錯誤代碼可能實際上沒有使用，但仍然依 SQL 標準所制定）每一個錯誤的類別都有一個＂標準＂的錯誤情況，其最後 3 個字元為 000，只用於在該類別未特別詳細定義的錯誤情況。

在＂Condition Name＂欄位中的內容將能在 PL/pgSQL 中被使用。Condition Name 不論大小寫字母均可合法使用。（特別注意，PL/pgSQL 並不支援 00、01 及 02 的錯誤類別。）

有一些錯誤訊息，其回傳內容是發生錯誤的資料庫物件名稱（表格 Table、表格欄位 Table column、資料型別 data type、限制條件 constraint）。舉例來說，如果產生了 unique_violation 錯誤，則會回傳某個限制條件名稱。這些訊息將會分別額外的欄位回傳，所以應用程式不需要特別解譯描述性的訊息內容。在 PostgreSQL 9.3之前，這種回傳方式僅限於 SQLSTATE 類別 23（違反限制條件的一致性 integrity constraint violation），日後將儘可能延伸支援到所有類別。

Table A.1. PostgreSQL Error Codes

Error Code	Condition Name
Class 00 — Successful Completion
00000	successful_completion
Class 01 — Warning
01000	warning
0100C	dynamic_result_sets_returned
01008	implicit_zero_bit_padding
01003	null_value_eliminated_in_set_function
01007	privilege_not_granted
01006	privilege_not_revoked
01004	string_data_right_truncation
01P01	deprecated_feature
Class 02 — No Data (this is also a warning class per the SQL standard)
02000	no_data
02001	no_additional_dynamic_result_sets_returned
Class 03 — SQL Statement Not Yet Complete
03000	sql_statement_not_yet_complete
Class 08 — Connection Exception
08000	connection_exception
08003	connection_does_not_exist
08006	connection_failure
08001	sqlclient_unable_to_establish_sqlconnection
08004	sqlserver_rejected_establishment_of_sqlconnection
08007	transaction_resolution_unknown
08P01	protocol_violation
Class 09 — Triggered Action Exception
09000	triggered_action_exception
Class 0A — Feature Not Supported
0A000	feature_not_supported
Class 0B — Invalid Transaction Initiation
0B000	invalid_transaction_initiation
Class 0F — Locator Exception
0F000	locator_exception
0F001	invalid_locator_specification
Class 0L — Invalid Grantor
0L000	invalid_grantor
0LP01	invalid_grant_operation
Class 0P — Invalid Role Specification
0P000	invalid_role_specification
Class 0Z — Diagnostics Exception
0Z000	diagnostics_exception
0Z002	stacked_diagnostics_accessed_without_active_handler
Class 20 — Case Not Found
20000	case_not_found
Class 21 — Cardinality Violation
21000	cardinality_violation
Class 22 — Data Exception
22000	data_exception
2202E	array_subscript_error
22021	character_not_in_repertoire
22008	datetime_field_overflow
22012	division_by_zero
22005	error_in_assignment
2200B	escape_character_conflict
22022	indicator_overflow
22015	interval_field_overflow
2201E	invalid_argument_for_logarithm
22014	invalid_argument_for_ntile_function
22016	invalid_argument_for_nth_value_function
2201F	invalid_argument_for_power_function
2201G	invalid_argument_for_width_bucket_function
22018	invalid_character_value_for_cast
22007	invalid_datetime_format
22019	invalid_escape_character
2200D	invalid_escape_octet
22025	invalid_escape_sequence
22P06	nonstandard_use_of_escape_character
22010	invalid_indicator_parameter_value
22023	invalid_parameter_value
22013	invalid_preceding_or_following_size
2201B	invalid_regular_expression
2201W	invalid_row_count_in_limit_clause
2201X	invalid_row_count_in_result_offset_clause
2202H	invalid_tablesample_argument
2202G	invalid_tablesample_repeat
22009	invalid_time_zone_displacement_value
2200C	invalid_use_of_escape_character
2200G	most_specific_type_mismatch
22004	null_value_not_allowed
22002	null_value_no_indicator_parameter
22003	numeric_value_out_of_range
2200H	sequence_generator_limit_exceeded
22026	string_data_length_mismatch
22001	string_data_right_truncation
22011	substring_error
22027	trim_error
22024	unterminated_c_string
2200F	zero_length_character_string
22P01	floating_point_exception
22P02	invalid_text_representation
22P03	invalid_binary_representation
22P04	bad_copy_file_format
22P05	untranslatable_character
2200L	not_an_xml_document
2200M	invalid_xml_document
2200N	invalid_xml_content
2200S	invalid_xml_comment
2200T	invalid_xml_processing_instruction
22030	duplicate_json_object_key_value
22031	invalid_argument_for_sql_json_datetime_function
22032	invalid_json_text
22033	invalid_sql_json_subscript
22034	more_than_one_sql_json_item
22035	no_sql_json_item
22036	non_numeric_sql_json_item
22037	non_unique_keys_in_a_json_object
22038	singleton_sql_json_item_required
22039	sql_json_array_not_found
2203A	sql_json_member_not_found
2203B	sql_json_number_not_found
2203C	sql_json_object_not_found
2203D	too_many_json_array_elements
2203E	too_many_json_object_members
2203F	sql_json_scalar_required
2203G	sql_json_item_cannot_be_cast_to_target_type
Class 23 — Integrity Constraint Violation
23000	integrity_constraint_violation
23001	restrict_violation
23502	not_null_violation
23503	foreign_key_violation
23505	unique_violation
23514	check_violation
23P01	exclusion_violation
Class 24 — Invalid Cursor State
24000	invalid_cursor_state
Class 25 — Invalid Transaction State
25000	invalid_transaction_state
25001	active_sql_transaction
25002	branch_transaction_already_active
25008	held_cursor_requires_same_isolation_level
25003	inappropriate_access_mode_for_branch_transaction
25004	inappropriate_isolation_level_for_branch_transaction
25005	no_active_sql_transaction_for_branch_transaction
25006	read_only_sql_transaction
25007	schema_and_data_statement_mixing_not_supported
25P01	no_active_sql_transaction
25P02	in_failed_sql_transaction
25P03	idle_in_transaction_session_timeout
Class 26 — Invalid SQL Statement Name
26000	invalid_sql_statement_name
Class 27 — Triggered Data Change Violation
27000	triggered_data_change_violation
Class 28 — Invalid Authorization Specification
28000	invalid_authorization_specification
28P01	invalid_password
Class 2B — Dependent Privilege Descriptors Still Exist
2B000	dependent_privilege_descriptors_still_exist
2BP01	dependent_objects_still_exist
Class 2D — Invalid Transaction Termination
2D000	invalid_transaction_termination
Class 2F — SQL Routine Exception
2F000	sql_routine_exception
2F005	function_executed_no_return_statement
2F002	modifying_sql_data_not_permitted
2F003	prohibited_sql_statement_attempted
2F004	reading_sql_data_not_permitted
Class 34 — Invalid Cursor Name
34000	invalid_cursor_name
Class 38 — External Routine Exception
38000	external_routine_exception
38001	containing_sql_not_permitted
38002	modifying_sql_data_not_permitted
38003	prohibited_sql_statement_attempted
38004	reading_sql_data_not_permitted
Class 39 — External Routine Invocation Exception
39000	external_routine_invocation_exception
39001	invalid_sqlstate_returned
39004	null_value_not_allowed
39P01	trigger_protocol_violated
39P02	srf_protocol_violated
39P03	event_trigger_protocol_violated
Class 3B — Savepoint Exception
3B000	savepoint_exception
3B001	invalid_savepoint_specification
Class 3D — Invalid Catalog Name
3D000	invalid_catalog_name
Class 3F — Invalid Schema Name
3F000	invalid_schema_name
Class 40 — Transaction Rollback
40000	transaction_rollback
40002	transaction_integrity_constraint_violation
40001	serialization_failure
40003	statement_completion_unknown
40P01	deadlock_detected
Class 42 — Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
42000	syntax_error_or_access_rule_violation
42601	syntax_error
42501	insufficient_privilege
42846	cannot_coerce
42803	grouping_error
42P20	windowing_error
42P19	invalid_recursion
42830	invalid_foreign_key
42602	invalid_name
42622	name_too_long
42939	reserved_name
42804	datatype_mismatch
42P18	indeterminate_datatype
42P21	collation_mismatch
42P22	indeterminate_collation
42809	wrong_object_type
428C9	generated_always
42703	undefined_column
42883	undefined_function
42P01	undefined_table
42P02	undefined_parameter
42704	undefined_object
42701	duplicate_column
42P03	duplicate_cursor
42P04	duplicate_database
42723	duplicate_function
42P05	duplicate_prepared_statement
42P06	duplicate_schema
42P07	duplicate_table
42712	duplicate_alias
42710	duplicate_object
42702	ambiguous_column
42725	ambiguous_function
42P08	ambiguous_parameter
42P09	ambiguous_alias
42P10	invalid_column_reference
42611	invalid_column_definition
42P11	invalid_cursor_definition
42P12	invalid_database_definition
42P13	invalid_function_definition
42P14	invalid_prepared_statement_definition
42P15	invalid_schema_definition
42P16	invalid_table_definition
42P17	invalid_object_definition
Class 44 — WITH CHECK OPTION Violation
44000	with_check_option_violation
Class 53 — Insufficient Resources
53000	insufficient_resources
53100	disk_full
53200	out_of_memory
53300	too_many_connections
53400	configuration_limit_exceeded
Class 54 — Program Limit Exceeded
54000	program_limit_exceeded
54001	statement_too_complex
54011	too_many_columns
54023	too_many_arguments
Class 55 — Object Not In Prerequisite State
55000	object_not_in_prerequisite_state
55006	object_in_use
55P02	cant_change_runtime_param
55P03	lock_not_available
55P04	unsafe_new_enum_value_usage
Class 57 — Operator Intervention
57000	operator_intervention
57014	query_canceled
57P01	admin_shutdown
57P02	crash_shutdown
57P03	cannot_connect_now
57P04	database_dropped
57P05	idle_session_timeout
Class 58 — System Error (errors external to PostgreSQL itself)
58000	system_error
58030	io_error
58P01	undefined_file
58P02	duplicate_file
Class 72 — Snapshot Failure
72000	snapshot_too_old
Class F0 — Configuration File Error
F0000	config_file_error
F0001	lock_file_exists
Class HV — Foreign Data Wrapper Error (SQL/MED)
HV000	fdw_error
HV005	fdw_column_name_not_found
HV002	fdw_dynamic_parameter_value_needed
HV010	fdw_function_sequence_error
HV021	fdw_inconsistent_descriptor_information
HV024	fdw_invalid_attribute_value
HV007	fdw_invalid_column_name
HV008	fdw_invalid_column_number
HV004	fdw_invalid_data_type
HV006	fdw_invalid_data_type_descriptors
HV091	fdw_invalid_descriptor_field_identifier
HV00B	fdw_invalid_handle
HV00C	fdw_invalid_option_index
HV00D	fdw_invalid_option_name
HV090	fdw_invalid_string_length_or_buffer_length
HV00A	fdw_invalid_string_format
HV009	fdw_invalid_use_of_null_pointer
HV014	fdw_too_many_handles
HV001	fdw_out_of_memory
HV00P	fdw_no_schemas
HV00J	fdw_option_name_not_found
HV00K	fdw_reply_handle
HV00Q	fdw_schema_not_found
HV00R	fdw_table_not_found
HV00L	fdw_unable_to_create_execution
HV00M	fdw_unable_to_create_reply
HV00N	fdw_unable_to_establish_connection
Class P0 — PL/pgSQL Error
P0000	plpgsql_error
P0001	raise_exception
P0002	no_data_found
P0003	too_many_rows
P0004	assert_failure
Class XX — Internal Error
XX000	internal_error
XX001	data_corrupted
XX002	index_corrupted