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F. 延伸支援模組
This appendix and the next one contain information regarding the modules that can be found in the
contrib directory of the PostgreSQL distribution. These include porting tools, analysis utilities, and plug-in features that are not part of the core PostgreSQL system, mainly because they address a limited audience or are too experimental to be part of the main source tree. This does not preclude their usefulness.make
make install
in the
contrib directory of a configured source tree; or to build and install just one selected module, do the same in that module's subdirectory. Many of the modules have regression tests, which can be executed by running:make check
before installation or
make installcheck
once you have a PostgreSQL server running.
If you are using a pre-packaged version of PostgreSQL, these modules are typically made available as a separate subpackage, such as
postgresql-contrib.許多模組提供新的使用者定義函數、運算子或型別。 要使用這些模組之一，在安裝程式後，您需要在資料庫系統中註冊新的 SQL 物件。 這是透過執行 CREATE EXTENSION 指令來完成的。 在一個新的資料庫中，你可以簡單地執行：
CREATE EXTENSION module_name;
This command registers the new SQL objects in the current database only, so you need to run it in each database that you want the module's facilities to be available in. Alternatively, run it in database
template1 so that the extension will be copied into subsequently-created databases by default.For all these modules,
CREATE EXTENSION must be run by a database superuser, unless the module is considered “trusted”, in which case it can be run by any user who has CREATE privilege on the current database. Modules that are trusted are identified as such in the sections that follow. Generally, trusted modules are ones that cannot provide access to outside-the-database functionality.Many modules allow you to install their objects in a schema of your choice. To do that, add
SCHEMA schema_name to the CREATE EXTENSION command. By default, the objects will be placed in your current creation target schema, which in turn defaults to public.Note, however, that some of these modules are not “extensions” in this sense, but are loaded into the server in some other way, for instance by way of shared_preload_libraries. See the documentation of each module for details.