67.3. Extensibility
The BRIN interface has a high level of abstraction, requiring the access method implementer only to implement the semantics of the data type being accessed. The BRIN layer itself takes care of concurrency, logging and searching the index structure.
All it takes to get a BRIN access method working is to implement a few user-defined methods, which define the behavior of summary values stored in the index and the way they interact with scan keys. In short, BRIN combines extensibility with generality, code reuse, and a clean interface.
There are four methods that an operator class for BRIN must provide:
BrinOpcInfo *opcInfo(Oid type_oid)
Returns internal information about the indexed columns' summary data. The return value must point to a palloc'd BrinOpcInfo
, which has this definition:
BrinOpcInfo
.oi_opaque
can be used by the operator class routines to pass information between support functions during an index scan.
bool consistent(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinValues *column, ScanKey key)
Returns whether the ScanKey is consistent with the given indexed values for a range. The attribute number to use is passed as part of the scan key.
bool addValue(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinValues *column, Datum newval, bool isnull)
Given an index tuple and an indexed value, modifies the indicated attribute of the tuple so that it additionally represents the new value. If any modification was done to the tuple, true
is returned.
bool unionTuples(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinValues *a, BrinValues *b)
Consolidates two index tuples. Given two index tuples, modifies the indicated attribute of the first of them so that it represents both tuples. The second tuple is not modified.
The core distribution includes support for two types of operator classes: minmax and inclusion. Operator class definitions using them are shipped for in-core data types as appropriate. Additional operator classes can be defined by the user for other data types using equivalent definitions, without having to write any source code; appropriate catalog entries being declared is enough. Note that assumptions about the semantics of operator strategies are embedded in the support functions' source code.
Operator classes that implement completely different semantics are also possible, provided implementations of the four main support functions described above are written. Note that backwards compatibility across major releases is not guaranteed: for example, additional support functions might be required in later releases.
Table 67.2. Function and Support Numbers for Minmax Operator Classes
Support Function 1
internal function brin_minmax_opcinfo()
Support Function 2
internal function brin_minmax_add_value()
Support Function 3
internal function brin_minmax_consistent()
Support Function 4
internal function brin_minmax_union()
Operator Strategy 1
operator less-than
Operator Strategy 2
operator less-than-or-equal-to
Operator Strategy 3
operator equal-to
Operator Strategy 4
operator greater-than-or-equal-to
Operator Strategy 5
operator greater-than
Table 67.3. Function and Support Numbers for Inclusion Operator Classes
Support Function 1
internal function brin_inclusion_opcinfo()
Support Function 2
internal function brin_inclusion_add_value()
Support Function 3
internal function brin_inclusion_consistent()
Support Function 4
internal function brin_inclusion_union()
Support Function 11
function to merge two elements
Support Function 12
optional function to check whether two elements are mergeable
Support Function 13
optional function to check if an element is contained within another
Support Function 14
optional function to check whether an element is empty
Operator Strategy 1
operator left-of
Operator Strategy 4
Operator Strategy 2
operator does-not-extend-to-the-right-of
Operator Strategy 5
Operator Strategy 3
operator overlaps
Operator Strategy 4
operator does-not-extend-to-the-left-of
Operator Strategy 1
Operator Strategy 5
operator right-of
Operator Strategy 2
Operator Strategy 6, 18
operator same-as-or-equal-to
Operator Strategy 7
Operator Strategy 7, 13, 16, 24, 25
operator contains-or-equal-to
Operator Strategy 8, 14, 26, 27
operator is-contained-by-or-equal-to
Operator Strategy 3
Operator Strategy 9
operator does-not-extend-above
Operator Strategy 11
Operator Strategy 10
operator is-below
Operator Strategy 12
Operator Strategy 11
operator is-above
Operator Strategy 9
Operator Strategy 12
operator does-not-extend-below
Operator Strategy 10
Operator Strategy 20
operator less-than
Operator Strategy 5
Operator Strategy 21
operator less-than-or-equal-to
Operator Strategy 5
Operator Strategy 22
operator greater-than
Operator Strategy 1
Operator Strategy 23
operator greater-than-or-equal-to
Operator Strategy 1
Support function numbers 1-10 are reserved for the BRIN internal functions, so the SQL level functions start with number 11. Support function number 11 is the main function required to build the index. It should accept two arguments with the same data type as the operator class, and return the union of them. The inclusion operator class can store union values with different data types if it is defined with the STORAGE
parameter. The return value of the union function should match the STORAGE
data type.
Support function numbers 12 and 14 are provided to support irregularities of built-in data types. Function number 12 is used to support network addresses from different families which are not mergeable. Function number 14 is used to support empty ranges. Function number 13 is an optional but recommended one, which allows the new value to be checked before it is passed to the union function. As the BRIN framework can shortcut some operations when the union is not changed, using this function can improve index performance.
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