I. SQL 指令

本部分包含 PostgreSQL 支援的 SQL 指令的參考訊息。一般而言，「SQL」是指語言；內容包含了有關各標準的一致性和相容性。
連結將會連結至 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，本手冊連結請使用左側目錄。
Table of Contents
​ABORT — abort the current transaction
​ALTER AGGREGATE — change the definition of an aggregate function
​ALTER COLLATION — change the definition of a collation
​ALTER CONVERSION — change the definition of a conversion
​ALTER DATABASE — change a database
​ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES — define default access privileges
​ALTER DOMAIN — change the definition of a domain
​ALTER EVENT TRIGGER — change the definition of an event trigger
​ALTER EXTENSION — change the definition of an extension
​ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper
​ALTER FOREIGN TABLE — change the definition of a foreign table
​ALTER FUNCTION — change the definition of a function
​ALTER GROUP — change role name or membership
​ALTER INDEX — change the definition of an index
​ALTER LANGUAGE — change the definition of a procedural language
​ALTER LARGE OBJECT — change the definition of a large object
​ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW — change the definition of a materialized view
​ALTER OPERATOR — change the definition of an operator
​ALTER OPERATOR CLASS — change the definition of an operator class
​ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY — change the definition of an operator family
​ALTER POLICY — change the definition of a row-level security policy
​ALTER PROCEDURE — change the definition of a procedure
​ALTER PUBLICATION — change the definition of a publication
​ALTER ROLE — change a database role
​ALTER ROUTINE — change the definition of a routine
​ALTER RULE — change the definition of a rule
​ALTER SCHEMA — change the definition of a schema
​ALTER SEQUENCE — change the definition of a sequence generator
​ALTER SERVER — change the definition of a foreign server
​ALTER STATISTICS — change the definition of an extended statistics object
​ALTER SUBSCRIPTION — change the definition of a subscription
​ALTER SYSTEM — change a server configuration parameter
​ALTER TABLE — change the definition of a table
​ALTER TABLESPACE — change the definition of a tablespace
​ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — change the definition of a text search configuration
​ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — change the definition of a text search dictionary
​ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER — change the definition of a text search parser
​ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — change the definition of a text search template
​ALTER TRIGGER — change the definition of a trigger
​ALTER TYPE — change the definition of a type
​ALTER USER — change a database role
​ALTER USER MAPPING — change the definition of a user mapping
​ALTER VIEW — change the definition of a view
​ANALYZE — collect statistics about a database
​BEGIN — start a transaction block
​CALL — invoke a procedure
​CHECKPOINT — force a write-ahead log checkpoint
​CLOSE — close a cursor
​CLUSTER — cluster a table according to an index
​COMMENT — define or change the comment of an object
​COMMIT — commit the current transaction
​COMMIT PREPARED — commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit
​COPY — copy data between a file and a table
​CREATE ACCESS METHOD — define a new access method
​CREATE AGGREGATE — define a new aggregate function
​CREATE CAST — define a new cast
​CREATE COLLATION — define a new collation
​CREATE CONVERSION — define a new encoding conversion
​CREATE DATABASE — create a new database
​CREATE DOMAIN — define a new domain
​CREATE EVENT TRIGGER — define a new event trigger
​CREATE EXTENSION — install an extension
​CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — define a new foreign-data wrapper
​CREATE FOREIGN TABLE — define a new foreign table
​CREATE FUNCTION — define a new function
​CREATE GROUP — define a new database role
​CREATE INDEX — define a new index
​CREATE LANGUAGE — define a new procedural language
​CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW — define a new materialized view
​CREATE OPERATOR — define a new operator
​CREATE OPERATOR CLASS — define a new operator class
​CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY — define a new operator family
​CREATE POLICY — define a new row-level security policy for a table
​CREATE PROCEDURE — define a new procedure
​CREATE PUBLICATION — define a new publication
​CREATE ROLE — define a new database role
​CREATE RULE — define a new rewrite rule
​CREATE SCHEMA — define a new schema
​CREATE SEQUENCE — define a new sequence generator
​CREATE SERVER — define a new foreign server
​CREATE STATISTICS — define extended statistics
​CREATE SUBSCRIPTION — define a new subscription
​CREATE TABLE — define a new table
​CREATE TABLE AS — define a new table from the results of a query
​CREATE TABLESPACE — define a new tablespace
​CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — define a new text search configuration
​CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — define a new text search dictionary
​CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER — define a new text search parser
​CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — define a new text search template
​CREATE TRANSFORM — define a new transform
​CREATE TRIGGER — define a new trigger
​CREATE TYPE — define a new data type
​CREATE USER — define a new database role
​CREATE USER MAPPING — define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server
​CREATE VIEW — define a new view
​DEALLOCATE — deallocate a prepared statement
​DECLARE — define a cursor
​DELETE — delete rows of a table
​DISCARD — discard session state
​DO — execute an anonymous code block
​DROP ACCESS METHOD — remove an access method
​DROP AGGREGATE — remove an aggregate function
​DROP CAST — remove a cast
​DROP COLLATION — remove a collation
​DROP CONVERSION — remove a conversion
​DROP DATABASE — remove a database
​DROP DOMAIN — remove a domain
​DROP EVENT TRIGGER — remove an event trigger
​DROP EXTENSION — remove an extension
​DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — remove a foreign-data wrapper
​DROP FOREIGN TABLE — remove a foreign table
​DROP FUNCTION — remove a function
​DROP GROUP — remove a database role
​DROP INDEX — remove an index
​DROP LANGUAGE — remove a procedural language
​DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW — remove a materialized view
​DROP OPERATOR — remove an operator
​DROP OPERATOR CLASS — remove an operator class
​DROP OPERATOR FAMILY — remove an operator family
​DROP OWNED — remove database objects owned by a database role
​DROP POLICY — remove a row-level security policy from a table
​DROP PROCEDURE — remove a procedure
​DROP PUBLICATION — remove a publication
​DROP ROLE — remove a database role
​DROP ROUTINE — remove a routine
​DROP RULE — remove a rewrite rule
​DROP SCHEMA — remove a schema
​DROP SEQUENCE — remove a sequence
​DROP SERVER — remove a foreign server descriptor
​DROP STATISTICS — remove extended statistics
​DROP SUBSCRIPTION — remove a subscription
​DROP TABLE — remove a table
​DROP TABLESPACE — remove a tablespace
​DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — remove a text search configuration
​DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — remove a text search dictionary
​DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER — remove a text search parser
​DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — remove a text search template
​DROP TRANSFORM — remove a transform
​DROP TRIGGER — remove a trigger
​DROP TYPE — remove a data type
​DROP USER — remove a database role
​DROP USER MAPPING — remove a user mapping for a foreign server
​DROP VIEW — remove a view
​END — commit the current transaction
​EXECUTE — execute a prepared statement
​EXPLAIN — show the execution plan of a statement
​FETCH — retrieve rows from a query using a cursor
​GRANT — define access privileges
​IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA — import table definitions from a foreign server
​INSERT — create new rows in a table
​LISTEN — listen for a notification
​LOAD — load a shared library file
​LOCK — lock a table
​MERGE — conditionally insert, update, or delete rows of a table
​MOVE — position a cursor
​NOTIFY — generate a notification
​PREPARE — prepare a statement for execution
​PREPARE TRANSACTION — prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit
​REASSIGN OWNED — change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role
​REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW — replace the contents of a materialized view
​REINDEX — rebuild indexes
​RELEASE SAVEPOINT — destroy a previously defined savepoint
​RESET — restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value
​REVOKE — remove access privileges
​ROLLBACK — abort the current transaction
​ROLLBACK PREPARED — cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit
​ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT — roll back to a savepoint
​SAVEPOINT — define a new savepoint within the current transaction
​SECURITY LABEL — define or change a security label applied to an object
​SELECT — retrieve rows from a table or view
​SELECT INTO — define a new table from the results of a query
​SET — change a run-time parameter
​SET CONSTRAINTS — set constraint check timing for the current transaction
​SET ROLE — set the current user identifier of the current session
​SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION — set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session
​SET TRANSACTION — set the characteristics of the current transaction
​SHOW — show the value of a run-time parameter
​START TRANSACTION — start a transaction block
​TRUNCATE — empty a table or set of tables
​UNLISTEN — stop listening for a notification
​UPDATE — update rows of a table
​VACUUM — garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database
​VALUES — compute a set of rows
VI. 參考資訊
ALTER DATABASE