I. SQL 指令

本部分包含 PostgreSQL 支援的 SQL 指令的參考訊息。一般而言，「SQL」是指語言；內容包含了有關各標準的一致性和相容性。

連結將會連結至 PostgreSQL 官方使用手冊，本手冊連結請使用左側目錄。

Table of Contents

ABORT — abort the current transaction

ALTER AGGREGATE — change the definition of an aggregate function

ALTER COLLATION — change the definition of a collation

ALTER CONVERSION — change the definition of a conversion

ALTER DATABASE — change a database

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES — define default access privileges

ALTER DOMAIN — change the definition of a domain

ALTER EVENT TRIGGER — change the definition of an event trigger

ALTER EXTENSION — change the definition of an extension

ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper

ALTER FOREIGN TABLE — change the definition of a foreign table

ALTER FUNCTION — change the definition of a function

ALTER GROUP — change role name or membership

ALTER INDEX — change the definition of an index

ALTER LANGUAGE — change the definition of a procedural language

ALTER LARGE OBJECT — change the definition of a large object

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW — change the definition of a materialized view

ALTER OPERATOR — change the definition of an operator

ALTER OPERATOR CLASS — change the definition of an operator class

ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY — change the definition of an operator family

ALTER POLICY — change the definition of a row-level security policy

ALTER PROCEDURE — change the definition of a procedure

ALTER PUBLICATION — change the definition of a publication

ALTER ROLE — change a database role

ALTER ROUTINE — change the definition of a routine

ALTER RULE — change the definition of a rule

ALTER SCHEMA — change the definition of a schema

ALTER SEQUENCE — change the definition of a sequence generator

ALTER SERVER — change the definition of a foreign server

ALTER STATISTICS — change the definition of an extended statistics object

ALTER SUBSCRIPTION — change the definition of a subscription

ALTER SYSTEM — change a server configuration parameter

ALTER TABLE — change the definition of a table

ALTER TABLESPACE — change the definition of a tablespace

ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — change the definition of a text search configuration

ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — change the definition of a text search dictionary

ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER — change the definition of a text search parser

ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — change the definition of a text search template

ALTER TRIGGER — change the definition of a trigger

ALTER TYPE — change the definition of a type

ALTER USER — change a database role

ALTER USER MAPPING — change the definition of a user mapping

ALTER VIEW — change the definition of a view

ANALYZE — collect statistics about a database

BEGIN — start a transaction block

CALL — invoke a procedure

CHECKPOINT — force a write-ahead log checkpoint

CLOSE — close a cursor

CLUSTER — cluster a table according to an index

COMMENT — define or change the comment of an object

COMMIT — commit the current transaction

COMMIT PREPARED — commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit

COPY — copy data between a file and a table

CREATE ACCESS METHOD — define a new access method

CREATE AGGREGATE — define a new aggregate function

CREATE CAST — define a new cast

CREATE COLLATION — define a new collation

CREATE CONVERSION — define a new encoding conversion

CREATE DATABASE — create a new database

CREATE DOMAIN — define a new domain

CREATE EVENT TRIGGER — define a new event trigger

CREATE EXTENSION — install an extension

CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — define a new foreign-data wrapper

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE — define a new foreign table

CREATE FUNCTION — define a new function

CREATE GROUP — define a new database role

CREATE INDEX — define a new index

CREATE LANGUAGE — define a new procedural language

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW — define a new materialized view

CREATE OPERATOR — define a new operator

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS — define a new operator class

CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY — define a new operator family

CREATE POLICY — define a new row-level security policy for a table

CREATE PROCEDURE — define a new procedure

CREATE PUBLICATION — define a new publication

CREATE ROLE — define a new database role

CREATE RULE — define a new rewrite rule

CREATE SCHEMA — define a new schema

CREATE SEQUENCE — define a new sequence generator

CREATE SERVER — define a new foreign server

CREATE STATISTICS — define extended statistics

CREATE SUBSCRIPTION — define a new subscription

CREATE TABLE — define a new table

CREATE TABLE AS — define a new table from the results of a query

CREATE TABLESPACE — define a new tablespace

CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — define a new text search configuration

CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — define a new text search dictionary

CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER — define a new text search parser

CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — define a new text search template

CREATE TRANSFORM — define a new transform

CREATE TRIGGER — define a new trigger

CREATE TYPE — define a new data type

CREATE USER — define a new database role

CREATE USER MAPPING — define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server

CREATE VIEW — define a new view

DEALLOCATE — deallocate a prepared statement

DECLARE — define a cursor

DELETE — delete rows of a table

DISCARD — discard session state

DO — execute an anonymous code block

DROP ACCESS METHOD — remove an access method

DROP AGGREGATE — remove an aggregate function

DROP CAST — remove a cast

DROP COLLATION — remove a collation

DROP CONVERSION — remove a conversion

DROP DATABASE — remove a database

DROP DOMAIN — remove a domain

DROP EVENT TRIGGER — remove an event trigger

DROP EXTENSION — remove an extension

DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — remove a foreign-data wrapper

DROP FOREIGN TABLE — remove a foreign table

DROP FUNCTION — remove a function

DROP GROUP — remove a database role

DROP INDEX — remove an index

DROP LANGUAGE — remove a procedural language

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW — remove a materialized view

DROP OPERATOR — remove an operator

DROP OPERATOR CLASS — remove an operator class

DROP OPERATOR FAMILY — remove an operator family

DROP OWNED — remove database objects owned by a database role

DROP POLICY — remove a row-level security policy from a table

DROP PROCEDURE — remove a procedure

DROP PUBLICATION — remove a publication

DROP ROLE — remove a database role

DROP ROUTINE — remove a routine

DROP RULE — remove a rewrite rule

DROP SCHEMA — remove a schema

DROP SEQUENCE — remove a sequence

DROP SERVER — remove a foreign server descriptor

DROP STATISTICS — remove extended statistics

DROP SUBSCRIPTION — remove a subscription

DROP TABLE — remove a table

DROP TABLESPACE — remove a tablespace

DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — remove a text search configuration

DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — remove a text search dictionary

DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER — remove a text search parser

DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — remove a text search template

DROP TRANSFORM — remove a transform

DROP TRIGGER — remove a trigger

DROP TYPE — remove a data type

DROP USER — remove a database role

DROP USER MAPPING — remove a user mapping for a foreign server

DROP VIEW — remove a view

END — commit the current transaction

EXECUTE — execute a prepared statement

EXPLAIN — show the execution plan of a statement

FETCH — retrieve rows from a query using a cursor

GRANT — define access privileges

IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA — import table definitions from a foreign server

INSERT — create new rows in a table

LISTEN — listen for a notification

LOAD — load a shared library file

LOCK — lock a table

MERGE — conditionally insert, update, or delete rows of a table

MOVE — position a cursor

NOTIFY — generate a notification

PREPARE — prepare a statement for execution

PREPARE TRANSACTION — prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit

REASSIGN OWNED — change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role

REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW — replace the contents of a materialized view

REINDEX — rebuild indexes

RELEASE SAVEPOINT — destroy a previously defined savepoint

RESET — restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value

REVOKE — remove access privileges

ROLLBACK — abort the current transaction

ROLLBACK PREPARED — cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT — roll back to a savepoint

SAVEPOINT — define a new savepoint within the current transaction

SECURITY LABEL — define or change a security label applied to an object

SELECT — retrieve rows from a table or view

SELECT INTO — define a new table from the results of a query

SET — change a run-time parameter

SET CONSTRAINTS — set constraint check timing for the current transaction

SET ROLE — set the current user identifier of the current session

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION — set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session

SET TRANSACTION — set the characteristics of the current transaction

SHOW — show the value of a run-time parameter

START TRANSACTION — start a transaction block

TRUNCATE — empty a table or set of tables

UNLISTEN — stop listening for a notification

UPDATE — update rows of a table

VACUUM — garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database

VALUES — compute a set of rows