8. 資料型別

PostgreSQL 內建一套豐富的資料型別供用戶使用。使用者也可以使用 CREATE TYPE 指令讓 PostgreSQL 增加新的資料型別。

Table 8.1 列出所有內建的通用資料型別。大多數列在「Aliases」中的替代名稱是由於在 PostgreSQL 內部使用的歷史因素。此外,還有一些內部使用或不建議使用的資料型別,但這裡並沒有列出。

Table 8.1. Data Types

NameAliasesDescription

bigint

int8

signed eight-byte integer

bigserial

serial8

autoincrementing eight-byte integer

bit [ (n) ]

fixed-length bit string

bit varying [ (n) ]

varbit

variable-length bit string

boolean

bool

logical Boolean (true/false)

box

rectangular box on a plane

bytea

binary data (“byte array”)

character [ (n) ]

char [ (n) ]

fixed-length character string

character varying [ (n) ]

varchar [ (n) ]

variable-length character string

cidr

IPv4 or IPv6 network address

circle

circle on a plane

date

calendar date (year, month, day)

double precision

float8

double precision floating-point number (8 bytes)

inet

IPv4 or IPv6 host address

integer

int,int4

signed four-byte integer

interval [fields] [ (p) ]

time span

json

textual JSON data

jsonb

binary JSON data, decomposed

line

infinite line on a plane

lseg

line segment on a plane

macaddr

MAC (Media Access Control) address

macaddr8

MAC (Media Access Control) address (EUI-64 format)

money

currency amount

numeric [ (p,s) ]

decimal [ (p,s) ]

exact numeric of selectable precision

path

geometric path on a plane

pg_lsn

PostgreSQLLog Sequence Number

point

geometric point on a plane

polygon

closed geometric path on a plane

real

float4

single precision floating-point number (4 bytes)

smallint

int2

signed two-byte integer

smallserial

serial2

autoincrementing two-byte integer

serial

serial4

autoincrementing four-byte integer

text

variable-length character string

time [ (p) ] [ without time zone ]

time of day (no time zone)

time [ (p) ] with time zone

timetz

time of day, including time zone

timestamp [ (p) ] [ without time zone ]

date and time (no time zone)

timestamp [ (p) ] with time zone

timestamptz

date and time, including time zone

tsquery

text search query

tsvector

text search document

txid_snapshot

user-level transaction ID snapshot

uuid

universally unique identifier

xml

XML data

相容性

以下資料型別(或其拼寫方式)是由 SQL 指定的:bigint,bit,bit varying,boolean,char,character varying,character,varchar,date,double precision,integer,interval,numeric,decimal,real,smallint,time(with or without time zone),timestamp(with or without time zone),xml.

每種資料型別都具有其明確的輸入和輸出功能外部表示法。許多內建的資料型別都有明顯的外部格式。但是,有幾種資料型別是 PostgreSQL 獨有的,比如幾何路徑,或者有幾種可能的格式,像是日期和時間型別。某些輸入和輸出功能是不可逆的,意即,與原始輸入相比,輸出功能的結果可能會失去一些精確度。

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