17.7. 平台相關的注意事項
本節記錄了有關安裝 PostgreSQL 於其他特定平台的問題。 請務必閱讀安裝說明，尤其是第 17.2 節。 另外，也請查閱第 33 章關於迴歸測試結果的解釋。
此處未涵蓋的平台皆無法預想其可能的安裝問題。
17.7.1. AIX
您可以使用 GCC 或 IBM 內建編譯器 xlc 在 AIX 上編譯 PostgreSQL。
PostgreSQL 社群不再測試也不支援 AIX 7.1 之前的版本。
17.7.1.1. Memory Management
AIX can be somewhat peculiar with regards to the way it does memory management. You can have a server with many multiples of gigabytes of RAM free, but still get out of memory or address space errors when running applications. One example is loading of extensions failing with unusual errors. For example, running as the owner of the PostgreSQL installation:
Running as a non-owner in the group possessing the PostgreSQL installation:
Another example is out of memory errors in the PostgreSQL server logs, with every memory allocation near or greater than 256 MB failing.
The overall cause of all these problems is the default bittedness and memory model used by the server process. By default, all binaries built on AIX are 32-bit. This does not depend upon hardware type or kernel in use. These 32-bit processes are limited to 4 GB of memory laid out in 256 MB segments using one of a few models. The default allows for less than 256 MB in the heap as it shares a single segment with the stack.
In the case of the plperl example, above, check your umask and the permissions of the binaries in your PostgreSQL installation. The binaries involved in that example were 32-bit and installed as mode 750 instead of 755. Due to the permissions being set in this fashion, only the owner or a member of the possessing group can load the library. Since it isn't world-readable, the loader places the object into the process' heap instead of the shared library segments where it would otherwise be placed.
The “ideal” solution for this is to use a 64-bit build of PostgreSQL, but that is not always practical, because systems with 32-bit processors can build, but not run, 64-bit binaries.
If a 32-bit binary is desired, set LDR_CNTRL to MAXDATA=0xn0000000, where 1 <= n <= 8, before starting the PostgreSQL server, and try different values and postgresql.conf settings to find a configuration that works satisfactorily. This use of LDR_CNTRL tells AIX that you want the server to have MAXDATA bytes set aside for the heap, allocated in 256 MB segments. When you find a workable configuration, ldedit can be used to modify the binaries so that they default to using the desired heap size. PostgreSQL can also be rebuilt, passing configure LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bmaxdata:0xn0000000" to achieve the same effect.
For a 64-bit build, set OBJECT_MODE to 64 and pass CC="gcc -maix64" and LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bbigtoc" to configure. (Options for xlc might differ.) If you omit the export of OBJECT_MODE, your build may fail with linker errors. When OBJECT_MODE is set, it tells AIX's build utilities such as ar, as, and ld what type of objects to default to handling.
By default, overcommit of paging space can happen. While we have not seen this occur, AIX will kill processes when it runs out of memory and the overcommit is accessed. The closest to this that we have seen is fork failing because the system decided that there was not enough memory for another process. Like many other parts of AIX, the paging space allocation method and out-of-memory kill is configurable on a system- or process-wide basis if this becomes a problem.
17.7.2. Cygwin
PostgreSQL 可以使用 Cygwin 建譯，Cygwin 是一種用於 Windows 的類 Linux 環境，但該方法不如原生 Windows 建置（請參閱第 18 章），因此並不推薦在 Cygwin 下執行服務。
When building from source, proceed according to the Unix-style installation procedure (i.e., ./configure; make; etc.), noting the following Cygwin-specific differences:
Set your path to use the Cygwin bin directory before the Windows utilities. This will help prevent problems with compilation.
The
addusercommand is not supported; use the appropriate user management application on Windows NT, 2000, or XP. Otherwise, skip this step.The
sucommand is not supported; use ssh to simulate su on Windows NT, 2000, or XP. Otherwise, skip this step.OpenSSL is not supported.
Start
cygserverfor shared memory support. To do this, enter the command/usr/sbin/cygserver &. This program needs to be running anytime you start the PostgreSQL server or initialize a database cluster (initdb). The defaultcygserverconfiguration may need to be changed (e.g., increaseSEMMNS) to prevent PostgreSQL from failing due to a lack of system resources.Building might fail on some systems where a locale other than C is in use. To fix this, set the locale to C by doing
export LANG=C.utf8before building, and then setting it back to the previous setting after you have installed PostgreSQL.The parallel regression tests (
make check) can generate spurious regression test failures due to overflowing thelisten()backlog queue which causes connection refused errors or hangs. You can limit the number of connections using the make variableMAX_CONNECTIONSthus:(On some systems you can have up to about 10 simultaneous connections.)
It is possible to install cygserver and the PostgreSQL server as Windows NT services. For information on how to do this, please refer to the README document included with the PostgreSQL binary package on Cygwin. It is installed in the directory /usr/share/doc/Cygwin.
17.7.3. macOS
To build PostgreSQL from source on macOS, you will need to install Apple's command line developer tools, which can be done by issuing
(note that this will pop up a GUI dialog window for confirmation). You may or may not wish to also install Xcode.
On recent macOS releases, it's necessary to embed the “sysroot” path in the include switches used to find some system header files. This results in the outputs of the configure script varying depending on which SDK version was used during configure. That shouldn't pose any problem in simple scenarios, but if you are trying to do something like building an extension on a different machine than the server code was built on, you may need to force use of a different sysroot path. To do that, set PG_SYSROOT, for example
To find out the appropriate path on your machine, run
Note that building an extension using a different sysroot version than was used to build the core server is not really recommended; in the worst case it could result in hard-to-debug ABI inconsistencies.
You can also select a non-default sysroot path when configuring, by specifying PG_SYSROOT to configure:
This would primarily be useful to cross-compile for some other macOS version. There is no guarantee that the resulting executables will run on the current host.
To suppress the -isysroot options altogether, use
(any nonexistent pathname will work). This might be useful if you wish to build with a non-Apple compiler, but beware that that case is not tested or supported by the PostgreSQL developers.
macOS's “System Integrity Protection” (SIP) feature breaks make check, because it prevents passing the needed setting of DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH down to the executables being tested. You can work around that by doing make install before make check. Most PostgreSQL developers just turn off SIP, though.
17.7.4. MinGW/Native Windows
PostgreSQL for Windows 可以使用 MinGW 建置，MinGW 是一種用於 Microsoft 作業系統的類 Unix 執行環境，或是使用 Microsoft 的 Visual C++ 編譯器套件。 MinGW 建置過程使用本章中描述的正常建置系統； Visual C++ 編譯的工作方式則完全不同，將在第 18 章中進行描述。
The native Windows port requires a 32 or 64-bit version of Windows 2000 or later. Earlier operating systems do not have sufficient infrastructure (but Cygwin may be used on those). MinGW, the Unix-like build tools, and MSYS, a collection of Unix tools required to run shell scripts like configure, can be downloaded from http://www.mingw.org/. Neither is required to run the resulting binaries; they are needed only for creating the binaries.
To build 64 bit binaries using MinGW, install the 64 bit tool set from https://mingw-w64.org/, put its bin directory in the PATH, and run configure with the --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32 option.
After you have everything installed, it is suggested that you run psql under CMD.EXE, as the MSYS console has buffering issues.
17.7.4.1. Collecting Crash Dumps On Windows
If PostgreSQL on Windows crashes, it has the ability to generate minidumps that can be used to track down the cause for the crash, similar to core dumps on Unix. These dumps can be read using the Windows Debugger Tools or using Visual Studio. To enable the generation of dumps on Windows, create a subdirectory named crashdumps inside the cluster data directory. The dumps will then be written into this directory with a unique name based on the identifier of the crashing process and the current time of the crash.
17.7.5. Solaris
PostgreSQL is well-supported on Solaris. The more up to date your operating system, the fewer issues you will experience.
17.7.5.1. Required Tools
You can build with either GCC or Sun's compiler suite. For better code optimization, Sun's compiler is strongly recommended on the SPARC architecture. If you are using Sun's compiler, be careful not to select /usr/ucb/cc; use /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc.
You can download Sun Studio from https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solarisstudio/downloads/. Many GNU tools are integrated into Solaris 10, or they are present on the Solaris companion CD. If you need packages for older versions of Solaris, you can find these tools at http://www.sunfreeware.com. If you prefer sources, look at https://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp.
17.7.5.2. Configure Complains About A Failed Test Program
If configure complains about a failed test program, this is probably a case of the run-time linker being unable to find some library, probably libz, libreadline or some other non-standard library such as libssl. To point it to the right location, set the LDFLAGS environment variable on the configure command line, e.g.,
See the ld man page for more information.
17.7.5.3. Compiling For Optimal Performance
On the SPARC architecture, Sun Studio is strongly recommended for compilation. Try using the -xO5 optimization flag to generate significantly faster binaries. Do not use any flags that modify behavior of floating-point operations and errno processing (e.g., -fast).
If you do not have a reason to use 64-bit binaries on SPARC, prefer the 32-bit version. The 64-bit operations are slower and 64-bit binaries are slower than the 32-bit variants. On the other hand, 32-bit code on the AMD64 CPU family is not native, so 32-bit code is significantly slower on that CPU family.
17.7.5.4. Using DTrace For Tracing PostgreSQL
Yes, using DTrace is possible. See Section 28.5 for further information.
If you see the linking of the postgres executable abort with an error message like:
your DTrace installation is too old to handle probes in static functions. You need Solaris 10u4 or newer to use DTrace.